Chapter 11 Perimeter, Area, and Volume

Looking Back
Perimeter of the pizza box = 5 units + 5 units + 5 units + 5 units = 20 units
The pizza box covers 25 squares of 1-unit sides.
Hence, area of the pizza box = 25 square units or 25 sq. units

Take a string and run it along the edges of the pizza piece once. Measure the length of the
string. It represents the perimeter of the pizza piece.
The pizza piece covers 5 full or more than half squares. It also covers 2 half squares (approx.).
Hence, area of the pizza piece = 5 square units + 1 square units
= 6 square units (approximately)

Mathspeak (Page 178)

All the four sides of a square are equal. So, if we know only one of its sides, we can calculate its
perimeter. However, all the four sides of a rectangle are not equal rather opposite sides of a
rectangle are equal. So, we can only calculate its perimeter if we know the measure of both of
its distinct sides.

Mathspeak (Page 179)

Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 × (length + breadth)
Perimeter of a square = 4 × length of side
In both the above cases, we are either multiplying the measured value with 2 or 4. Hence, the
perimeter of a square and rectangle is always even.

Exercise 11 A
1. a. Perimeter of the calculator = 2 × (length + breadth) = 2 × (90 cm + 30 cm) = 2 × 120 cm =
240 cm
b. Perimeter of the blackboard = 2 × (length + breadth) = 2 × (153 cm + 122 cm) = 2 × 275 cm =
550 cm
c. Perimeter of the TV = 2 × (length + breadth) = 2 × (82 cm + 67 cm) = 2 × 149 cm = 298 cm
d. Perimeter of the square mat = 4 × side = 4 × 2 m = 8 m
e. Perimeter of the window frame = 2 × (length + breadth) = 2 × (2 m + 1 m) = 2 × 3 m = 6 m
f. Perimeter of the mobile phone = 2 × (length + breadth) = 2 × (11 cm + 8 cm) = 2 × 19 cm = 38
cm

2.
 b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.
Side of 5 11 18 25 30 41 55 63 92
square in
cm
Perimeter 4×5 4 × 11 4 × 18 4 × 25 4 × 30 4 × 41 4 × 55 4 × 63 4 × 92
in cm = 20 = 44 = 72 = 100 = 120 = 164 = 220 = 252 = 368

3.
b. c. d. e. f.
l in cm 4 4 5 5 6
b in cm 2 3 4 2 3
P in cm 4 + 2 = 6; 4 + 3 = 7; 5 + 4 = 9; 5 + 2 = 7; 6 + 3 = 9;
2 × 6 = 12 2 × 7 = 14 2 × 9 = 18 2 × 7 = 14 2 × 9 = 18

g. h. i. j.
l in cm 6 6 8 9
b in cm 4 5 6 7
P in cm 6 + 4 = 10; 6 + 5 = 11; 8 + 6 = 14; 9 + 7 = 16;
2 × 10 = 20 2 × 11 = 22 2 × 14 = 28 2 × 16 = 32

4.
b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.
P in m 40 64 96 120 172 232 300 384 556
Side of 40 ÷ 4 64 ÷ 4 96 ÷ 4 120 ÷ 4 172 ÷ 4 232 ÷ 4 300 ÷ 4 384 ÷ 4 556 ÷ 4
square = 10 = 16 = 24 = 30 = 43 = 58 = 75 = 96 = 139
in m

5. Accept all possible answers. One of the sample answers is given below.
Rectangle 1 dimensions: length: 5 units; breadth: 1 units
Rectangle 2 dimensions: length: 4 units; breadth: 2 units

Challenge! (page 180)

Perimeter of each hexagon = 24 cm
Side of each hexagon = 24 cm ÷ 6 = 4 cm
Now, the perimeter of the rangoli is made up of the 4 outer sides of each hexagon.
Length of 4 sides of each hexagon = 4 × 4 cm = 16 cm
Number of hexagons = 6
Hence, the perimeter of the rangoli = 6 × 16 cm = 96 cm
Area of a rectangle (Page 181)
Wall Length Breadth Area
(Total number of tiles used)
B 5 3 15 sq. units
C 5 2 10 sq. units

Area of a square (Page 182)

Figure Length Breadth Area
(Total number of squares)
B 4 4 16 sq. units
C 6 6 36 sq. units

Mathspeak (Page 182)

Area of a square = Side × Side
Area of a square with side 1 m, A1 = 1 × 1 = 1 sq. m
Area of a square with side 100 cm, A2 = 100 × 100 = 10,000 sq. cm
Since, 1 m = 100 cm
Thus, A1 = A2

Exercise 11 B
1. Use the shortcut to find the area of these figures. Give your answer in square units.
a. l = 4 units, b = 3 units, A = l × b = 4 × 3 = 12 sq. units
b. l = 4 units, b = 2 units, A = l × b = 4 × 2 = 8 sq. units
c. l = 2 units, b = 2 units, A = l × b = 2 × 2 = 4 sq. units

3.
a. l = 9 cm, b = 5 cm, A = l × b = 9 × 5 = 45 sq. cm
b. l = 12 cm, b = 10 cm, A = l × b = 12 × 10 = 120 sq. cm
c. l = 13 cm, b = 5 cm, A = l × b = 13 × 5 = 65 sq. cm
d. l = 15 cm, b = 1.5 cm, A = l × b = 15 × 1.5 = 22.5 sq. cm
e. l = 9 cm, b = 2.1 cm, A = l × b = 9 × 2.1 = 18.9 sq. cm
f. l = 10 cm, b = 5.2 cm, A = l × b = 10 × 5.2 = 52 sq. cm

4.
b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.
Length 12 8 9 42 ÷ 7 112 ÷ 4 13 17 220 ÷ 136 ÷ 8
in cm =6 = 28 11 = 20 = 17
Breadth 48 ÷ 12 16 ÷ 8 36 ÷ 9 7 4 130 ÷ 187 ÷ 11 8
in cm =4 =2 =4 13 = 10 17 = 11
 Area in 48 16 36 42 112 130 187 220 136
sq. cm

5. Different possible dimensions in terms of length × breadth of the game board are
40 units × 1 units, 2 units × 20 units, 4 units × 10 units, and 5 units × 8 units.

6. Area of a square = 81 sq. units

The above equation can be rewritten as follows
Area of a square = 81 sq. units = 9 units × 9 units
Thus, side of the square = 9 units
Perimeter of square = 4 × side = 4 × 9 units = 36 sq. units

Challenge! (Page 183)

Journal (Page 183)

Side of the square = 5 cm
Area of the square = 25 sq. cm
If the sides are doubled, then side of the square = 2 × 5 cm = 10 cm
Area of new square = (10 × 10) sq. units = 100 sq. cm

Mathspeak (Page 184)

Perimeter of the triangle = 36 cm
Perimeter of the triangle = Sum of all the lengths of the triangle

Exercise 11 C
1. Area of the rectangle = 4 × 2 = 8 sq. units.
The area of the triangle is half the area of the rectangle.
Hence, area of the triangle = 8 sq. units ÷ 2 = 4 sq. units.
2. Area of the rectangle = 6 × 3 = 18 sq. units.
The area of the triangle is half the area of the rectangle.
Hence, area of the triangle = 18 sq. units ÷ 2 = 9 sq. units.

3. Area of the rectangle = 3 × 3 = 9 sq. units.

The area of the triangle is half the area of the rectangle.
Hence, area of the triangle = 9 sq. units ÷ 2 = 4.5 sq. units.

4. Area of the rectangle = 4 × 1 = 4 sq. units.

The area of the triangle is half the area of the rectangle.
Hence, area of the triangle = 4 sq. units ÷ 2 = 2 sq. units.

5.

Break the triangle into 2 parts.

Area of the left rectangle = 3 units × 4 units = 12 sq. units
Area of the left triangle = 12 sq. units ÷ 2 = 6 sq. units

Area of the right rectangle = 1 unit × 4 units = 4 sq. units

Area of the right triangle = 4 sq. units ÷ 2 = 2 sq. units

Area of the whole triangle = 6 sq. units + 2 sq. units = 8 sq. units

6.

Break the triangle into 2 parts.

Area of the left rectangle = 2 units × 2 units = 4 sq. units
Area of the left triangle = 4 sq. units ÷ 2 = 2 sq. units

Area of the right rectangle = 3 units × 2 units = 6 sq. units

Area of the right triangle = 6 sq. units ÷ 2 = 3 sq. units

Area of the whole triangle = 2 sq. units + 3 sq. units = 5 sq. units

7.

Break the triangle into 2 parts.

Area of the left rectangle = 2 units × 2 units = 4 sq. units
Area of the left triangle = 4 sq. units ÷ 2 = 2 sq. units

Area of the right rectangle = 1 unit × 2 units = 2 sq. units

Area of the right triangle = 2 sq. units ÷ 2 = 1 sq. unit

Area of the whole triangle = 2 sq. units + 1 sq. units = 3 sq. units

8.

Break the triangle into 2 parts.

Area of the upper rectangle = 3 units × 4 units = 12 sq. units
Area of the upper triangle = 12 sq. units ÷ 2 = 6 sq. units

Area of the lower rectangle = 3 units × 2 units = 6 sq. units

Area of the lower triangle = 6 sq. units ÷ 2 = 3 sq. units

Area of the whole triangle = 6 sq. units + 3 sq. units = 9 sq. units

9.

Break the triangle into 2 parts.

Area of the left rectangle = 4 units × 3 units = 12 sq. units
Area of the left triangle = 12 sq. units ÷ 2 = 6 sq. units

Area of the right rectangle = 1 unit × 3 units = 3 sq. units

Area of the right triangle = 3 sq. units ÷ 2 = 1.5 sq. units

Area of the whole triangle = 6 sq. units + 1.5 sq. units = 7.5 sq. units

10.

Break the triangle into 2 parts.

Area of the left rectangle = 7 units × 2 units = 14 sq. units
Area of the left triangle = 14 sq. units ÷ 2 = 7 sq. units

Area of the right rectangle = 3 units × 2 units = 6 sq. units

Area of the right triangle = 6 sq. units ÷ 2 = 3 sq. units

Area of the whole triangle = 7 sq. units + 3 sq. units = 10 sq. units

Challenge (Page 185)

 Square F
4 × 4 = 16
sq. cm
Area of square =
Area of rectangle = 4 × 4 = 16 sq. cm
4 × 3 = 12 sq. cm
Area of triangle D =
Area of triangle C = 16 ÷ 2 = 8 sq. cm
12 ÷ 2 = 6 sq. cm Rectangle E
4 × 3 = 12 Triangle B
sq. cm 6 + 8 = 14 sq. cm

Challenge (Page 186)

Area of the complete park = 100 × 50 = 5000 sq. m
Area of the pond = 10 × 10 = 100 sq. m
Area of the park covered with pond = 5000 – 100 = 4900 sq. m

Try This! (Page 186)

2. a. Label – sq. cm b. A very large lake – sq. km
c. Swimming pool – sq. m d. Strip of tablets – sq. cm
e. TV screen – sq. cm f. Lakshadweep Islands – sq. km
g. Blackboard – sq. m h. Cricket field – sq. m
i. Cushion cover – sq. cm j. City of Bhopal – sq. km

Try This! (Page 188)

Area of blue blob = [Number of whole squares + All the squares (whole and part)] ÷ 2
= (4 + 15) ÷ 2 = 19 ÷ 2= 8.5 sq. units (approximate)
Area of green blob = [Number of whole squares + All the squares (whole and part)] ÷ 2
= (3 + 13) ÷ 2 = 16 ÷ 2= 8 sq. units (approximate)
Area of pink blob = [Number of whole squares + All the squares (whole and part)] ÷ 2
= (11 + 27) ÷ 2 = 38 ÷ 2= 19 sq. units (approximate)

Relationship between Area and Perimeter (Page 189)

Rectangles of the same perimeter
a. Area = 11 cm × 1 cm = 11 sq. cm b. Area = 10 cm × 2 cm = 20 sq. cm
c. Area = 9 cm × 3 cm = 27 sq. cm d. Area = 8 cm × 4 cm = 32 sq. cm
e. Area = 7 cm × 5 cm = 35 sq. cm f. Area = 6 cm × 6 cm = 36 sq. cm

Rectangles of the same area

a.

b. c.

d.

a. Rectangle = 1 cm × 24 cm, perimeter = 2 × (1 cm + 24 cm) = 2 × 25 cm = 50 cm

b. Rectangle = 2 cm × 12 cm, perimeter = 2 × (2 cm + 12 cm) = 2 × 14 cm = 28 cm
c. Rectangle = 3 cm × 8 cm, perimeter = 2 × (3 cm + 8 cm) = 2 × 11 cm = 22 cm
d. Rectangle = 4 cm × 6 cm, perimeter = 2 × (4 cm + 6 cm) = 2 × 10 cm = 20 cm

Exercise 11 D
1. a. Area = [Full squares + All squares (Full or part)] ÷ 2 = (6 + 18) ÷ 2 = 24 ÷ 2 = 12 sq. units
b. Area = 24 ÷ 2 = 12 sq. units
c. Area = (9 + 20) ÷ 2 = 29 ÷ 2 = 14.5 sq. units
d. Area = (14 + 30) ÷ 2 = 44 ÷ 2 = 22 sq. units
3. a. Rectangles with perimeter of 18 cm.

b. Rectangles with an area of 36 sq. cm.

4.
a. Perimeter of the garden = 2 × (length + breadth) = 2 × (17.7 m + 9.3 m) = 2 × 27 m = 54 m
b. Perimeter of the rectangular backyard = 2 × (length + width) = 2 × (46 m + 32 m) = 2 × 78 m =
156 m
So, he will need 156 m of fencing to enclose the yard.
The cost of fencing at the rate of ₹98 per metre = 156 × ₹98 = ₹15,288
Hence, he will have to pay ₹15,288 for fencing his backyard.
c. Perimeter of the square park = 4 × side = 4 × 70 m = 280 m
Distance covered by Sapna = 5 × perimeter of the park = 5 × 280 m = 1400 m
 Hence, Sapna walked 1400 m or 1.4 km in all that day.
d. Length of side of the square picture frame = 100 cm ÷ 4 = 25 cm
Area of the picture = 25 cm × 25 cm = 625 sq. cm

5. Perimeter of the given rectangle = 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 10 units

Area of the given rectangle = 6 sq. units.
For second part of the questions: Accept all possible answers, one of the sample answer:
Dimensions of the rectangle could be: 4 units and 1 units

Exercise 11 E
1. a. Number of layers = 1
Number of cm cubes per layer = 4
Hence, volume of the solid = 4 cu. cm
b. Number of layers = 2
Number of cm cubes per layer = 4
Hence, volume of the solid = 2 × 4 = 8 cu. cm
c. Number of layers = 1
Number of cm cubes per layer = 3
Hence, volume of the solid = 3 cu. cm
d. Number of layers = 4
Number of cm cubes per layer = 5
Hence, volume of the solid = 4 × 5 = 20 cu. cm
e. Number of layers = 3
Number of cm cubes per layer = 9
Hence, volume of the solid = 3 × 9 = 27 cu. cm
f. Number of layers = 3
Number of cm cubes per layer = 4
Hence, volume of the solid = 3 × 4 = 12 cu. cm
g. Number of layers = 3
Number of cm cubes per layer = 16
Hence, volume of the solid = 3 × 16 = 48 cu. cm
h. Number of layers = 2
Number of cm cubes per layer = 12
Hence, volume of the solid = 2 × 12 = 24 cu. cm

2. a. Number of cm cubes in the solid = 7

 Hence, volume of the solid = 7 cu. cm
b. Number of cm cubes in the solid = 11
Hence, volume of the solid = 11 cu. cm
c. Number of cm cubes in the solid = 12
Hence, volume of the solid = 12 cu. cm
d. Number of cm cubes in the solid = 12
Hence, volume of the solid = 12 cu. cm
e. Number of cm cubes in the solid = 6
Hence, volume of the solid = 6 cu. cm
f. Number of cm cubes in the solid = 18
Hence, volume of the solid = 18 cu. cm
g. Number of cm cubes in the solid = 11
Hence, volume of the solid = 11 cu. cm
h. Number of cm cubes in the solid = 12
Hence, volume of the solid = 12 cu. cm

Challenge! (Page 193)

a.

Number of layers in the unbroken cube = 5

Number of cubes per layer = 25
Thus, the volume of the original cube = 5 × 25 = 125 cu. units

b.
Number of layers in the length of the unbroken cuboid = 3
Number of layers in the breadth of the unbroken cuboid = 3
Number of layers in the height of the unbroken cuboid = 4
Number of cm cuboid per layer = 4 × 3 = 12
Thus, the volume of the original cuboid = 12 × 3 = 36 cu. units

Try This! (Page 194)

a. Volume of the clay brick = 18 × 4 × 3 = 216 cu. cm
Volume of the concrete brick = 22 × 5 × 2 = 220 cu. cm
Hence, the concrete brick is the bigger one.

Exercise 11 F
1. a. Length = 10 cm, breadth = 3 cm, height = 2 cm
Hence, volume of the solid = 10 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm = 60 cu. cm
b. Length = 1 cm, breadth = 1 cm, height = 1 cm
Hence, volume of the solid = 2 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm = 2 cu. cm
c. Length = 12 mm, breadth = 4 mm, height = 8 mm
Hence, volume of the solid = 12 mm × 4 mm × 8 mm = 384 cu. mm

2. a. Length = 10 cm, breadth = 6 cm, height = 2 cm

Hence, volume of the solid = 10 cm × 6 cm × 2 cm = 120 cu. cm
b. Length = 5 cm, breadth = 3 cm, height = 1 cm
Hence, volume of the solid = 5 cm × 3 cm × 1 cm = 15 cu. cm
c. Length = 15 cm, breadth = 3 cm, height = 2 cm
Hence, volume of the solid = 15 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm = 90 cu. cm

3. a. l = 12 mm, b = 20 mm, h = 13 mm
Hence, V = l × b × h = 12 × 20 × 13 = 3,120 cu. mm
b. l = 15 cm, b = 9 cm, h = 11 cm
Hence, V = l × b × h = 15 × 9 × 11 = 1,485 cu. cm
c. l = 8 m, b = 3 m, h = 16 m
Hence, V = l × b × h = 8 × 3 × 16 = 384 cu. m

4.
Length Breadth Height Volume
a. 3m 8m 7m 3 × 8 × 7 = 168 cu. m
b. 6 cm 4 cm 120 ÷ (6 × 4) 120 cu. cm
= 120 ÷ 24
= 5 cm
 c. 14 cm 448 ÷ (14 × 8) 8 cm 448 cu. cm
= 448 ÷ 112
= 4 cm
d. 1210 ÷ (11 × 10) 11 mm 10 mm 1210 cu. mm
= 1210 ÷ 110
= 11 mm

5.
a. l = 24 cm, b = 14 cm, h = 2 cm
Volume of a book = l × b × h = 24 cm × 14 cm × 2 cm = 672 cu. cm
Hence, volume of 2 such books piled one on top of the other = 672 cu. cm × 2 = 1,344 cu. cm
b. l = 30 cm, b = 45 cm, h = 10 cm
Volume of the drawer = l × b × h = 30 cm × 45 cm × 10 cm = 13,500 cu. cm
c. l = 20 cm, b = 20 cm, h = 7 cm
Volume of the cake = l × b × h = 20 cm × 20 cm × 7 cm = 2,800 cu. cm
d. l = 40 cm, b = 20 cm, h = 15 cm
Volume of mud the rectangular planter can hold = l × b × h = 40 cm × 20 cm × 15 cm = 12,000
cu. cm

Journal (Page 195)

No. To calculate the volume, all 3 dimensions (length, breadth, and height) must be in the same
unit.
If the length and breadth of a solid are in mm and height is in cm, we would first convert height
into mm and use the formula of volume = l × b × h.

Try This! (Page 196)

Volume of water in the beaker = 100 ml
Volume of water in the beaker with the ball = 250 ml
Hence, volume of the ball = 250 ml – 100 ml = 150 ml = 150 cu.cm.

Exercise 11 G
1. a. 20 cu. cm of a solid = 20 ml of water
So, the rise in volume of water = 20 ml
b. 60 cu. cm of a solid = 60 ml of water
So, the rise in volume of water = 60 ml
c. 75 cu. cm of a solid = 75 ml of water
So, the rise in volume of water = 75 ml

2. a. 9 ml of water = 9 cu. cm of a solid

 Hence, volume of the object = 9 cu. cm
b. 30 ml of water = 30 cu. cm of a solid
Hence, volume of the object = 30 cu. cm
c. 96 ml of water = 96 cu. cm of a solid
Hence, volume of the object = 96 cu. cm

3. Rise in volume of water when stone A is dropped into the beaker = 150 ml – 100 ml = 50 ml
So, volume of stone A = 50 cu. cm
Further rise in volume of water when stone B is also dropped into the beaker
= 250 ml – 150 ml
= 100 ml
So, volume of stone B = 100 cu. cm

Chapter Check-Up
1. a. Perimeter of the square = 4 × side of the square = 4 × 7 cm = 28 cm
Area of the square = side × side = 7 cm × 7 cm = 49 sq. cm
b. Perimeter of the rectangle = 2 × (length + breadth) = 2 × (5 m + 11 m) = 2 × 16 m = 32 m
Area of the rectangle = length × breadth = 5 m × 11 m = 55 sq. m

2. a.

Divide the triangle into 2 parts.

Area of the left rectangle = 3 units × 4 units = 12 sq. units
Area of the left triangle = 12 ÷ 2 = 6 sq. units
Area of the right rectangle = 1 unit × 4 units = 4 sq. units
Area of the right triangle = 4 ÷ 2 = 2 sq. units
Area of the whole triangle = 6 + 2 = 8 sq. units

b.
Area of the shape = [whole squares + all squares (whole or part)] ÷ 2 = (1 + 13) ÷ 2 = 14 ÷ 2
= 7 sq. units (approximate)
3. a. A mobile phone – sq. cm b. The base of a glass – sq. cm
c. A large curtain – sq. m d. The area of a zoo – sq. km
e. The area of Vadodara – sq. km f. The area of a watch dial – sq. cm

4. a. Volume = l × b × h = 4 cm × 4 cm × 4 cm = 64 sq. cm
b. Volume = l × b × h = 10 cm × 6 cm × 1 cm = 60 sq. cm
c. Volume = l × b × h = 6 cm × 1 cm × 4 cm = 24 sq. cm
d. Volume = l × b × h = 30 cm × 4 cm × 4 cm = 480 sq. cm

5. a. Number of layers = 2
Number of cm cubes per layer = 9
Volume = 2 × 9 = 18 cu. cm
b. Number of layers = 2
Number of cm cubes per layer = 6
Volume = 2 × 6 = 12 cu. cm
c. Number of cm cubes = 14
Volume = 14 cu. cm
d. Number of cm cubes = 12
Volume = 12 cu. cm

6. Three.
i. Length = 1 cm, breadth = 5 cm; Perimeter = 2 × (length + breadth)
= 2 × (1 cm + 5 cm) = 2 × 6 cm = 12 cm;
Area = 1 cm × 5 cm = 5 sq. cm
ii. Length = 2 cm, breadth = 4 cm; Perimeter = 2 × (length + breadth)
= 2 × (2 cm + 4 cm) = 2 × 6 cm = 12 cm;
Area = 2 cm × 4 cm = 8 sq. cm
iii. Length = 3 cm, breadth = 3 cm; Perimeter = 2 × (length + breadth)
= 2 × (3 cm + 3 cm) = 2 × 6 cm = 12 cm;
 Area = 3 cm × 3 cm = 9 sq. cm

7. a. Perimeter of the playground = 2 × (length + breadth) = 2 × (415 m + 230 m) = 2 × 645 m =

1,290 m
Area of the playground = length × breadth = 415 m × 230 m = 95,450 sq. m

b. Length of the room = 96 sq. m ÷ 6 m = 16 m

8. a.
Volume of the earth removed = 5 m × 3 m × 6 m = 90 cu. m

Keeping in Touch
a. 0.7 l = 0.7 × 1000 ml = 700 ml b. 155 m = 155 × 100 cm = 15,500 cm
c. 1550 g = (1550 ÷ 1000) kg = 1.550 kg d. 0.84 kg = 0.84 × 1000 g = 840 g
e. 3.15 m = 3.15 × 100 cm = 315 cm f. 850 ml = (850 ÷ 1000) l = 0.850 l

Mental Maths
A
a. Area = length × breadth = 5 m × 20 m = 100 sq. m
b. Volume = length × breadth × height = 5 m × 5 m × 5 m = 125 cu. m
c. When two rays have a common endpoint, they form an angle.
d. 20 cm × 5 = 100 cm = 1 m
e. A straight angle = 90° + 90°
f. Factors of 31 are 1 and 31.
g. net
h. 12
i. 23.15 m = 23.15 × 100 cm = 2315 cm or 23150 mm

B.
a. 102 cm = (102 ÷ 100) m = 1.02 m
b. 1 kg = 100 g + 900 g
c. 8.1 km = 8.1 × 1000 m = 8100 m
d. 8.3 cm = 8.3 × 10 mm = 83 mm
e. 5 kg – 600 g = 4 kg + 1000 g – 600 g = 4 kg + 400 g = 4 kg 400 g
f. Volume = 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm = 8 cu. cm
g. A point shows the exact location.
h. 350 ml + 650 ml = 1000 ml = 1 l
i. Area = 10 m × 10 = 100 sq. m
C
a. 9 l 800 ml + 600 ml = 9 l + 1400 ml = 9 l + 1000 ml + 400 ml = 9 l + 1 l + 400 ml = 10 l 400 ml
b. 6 cm – 5 mm = 5 cm + 1 cm – 5 mm = 5 cm + 10 mm – 5 mm = 5 cm + 5 mm = 5 cm 5 mm
c. 95 mm = (95 ÷ 10) cm = 9.5 cm
d. HCF of 13 and 23 is 1.
e. 1 km = 800 m + 200 m
f. Sides of the square = 7 cm
g. 8 – 1.9 = (8 + 0.1) – (1.9 + 0.1) = 8.1 – 2 = 6.1
h. 200 m × 10 = 2000 m = (2000 ÷ 1000) km = 2 km
i. 9500 m = (9500 ÷ 1000) km = 9.5 km
j. 79 in Roman numerals is LXXIX.

D.
a. Perimeter of the square = 4 × 200 m = 800 m.
b. The number in the thousandth place of 184.095 is 5.
c. A protractor is used to measure angles.
d. Volume of the cube = 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm = 1 cu. cm
3 5 3 𝟐𝟐
e. 6 − 5 = 5 5 − 5 = 𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓
f. A complete angle is the largest angle.
g. 300 g × 30 = 9000 g = (9000 ÷ 1000) kg = 9 kg
h. 2.25 m = 2.25 × 100 cm = 225 cm