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Module 8- Characteristics of DC Generators.pptx

The document discusses the characteristics of DC generators, focusing on no-load and load characteristics for shunt, series, and compound generators. It explains the voltage build-up process in shunt generators and the effects of load on terminal voltage in series generators. Additionally, it outlines the causes of failure to build-up voltage and applications of DC generators.

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2 views

Module 8- Characteristics of DC Generators.pptx

The document discusses the characteristics of DC generators, focusing on no-load and load characteristics for shunt, series, and compound generators. It explains the voltage build-up process in shunt generators and the effects of load on terminal voltage in series generators. Additionally, it outlines the causes of failure to build-up voltage and applications of DC generators.

Uploaded by

akunofficial2580
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 8-

Characteristics of DC Generators

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No-load or Open Circuit Characteristics (O.C.C) of DC Generator or
Magnetization Curve of DC Generator
It shows the relation between the no-load generated emf in the armature (E0) and the field current (I f ), at a
specified speed.

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Voltage Build-up in Shunt Generators

The shunt generator is a self-excited DC generator whose field winding is supplied current from the output of the
generator itself.
But question arises how it can supply current to the field winding before the voltage being generated? And if
the field current is not supplied, how can the voltage be generated?
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Explanation
The open circuit characteristics of a DC shunt generator is shown in Figure. The shunt field resistance is represented
by a straight line OX.
When armature is rotated at a constant speed of Ꙍ rad /sec, the small residual flux of the poles is cut by the
armature conductors, and very small emf ( oa) is induced in the armature.
If now key (K) connected in the shunt field winding, as shown in Figure is closed, current( ob ) flows in the field
winding.
This current increases the flux produced by the poles and voltage generated in the armature is increased to ( oc )
which further increases the field current to ( od )which further builds up the voltage.
This building up action comes to an end at point (f) where the open circuit characteristic curve (O.C.C)intersects the
shunt field resistance line (OX). It is, because beyond this point, the induced voltage is less than that required to
maintain the corresponding field current.
Thus, the final current in the field winding is (ef) and the final voltage build up by the generator for a given O.C.C. is
(oe )as shown in Figure.
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Critical Field Resistance of a DC Shunt Generator

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Load Characteristics of Shunt Generator
It is also called external or performance characteristics of shunt generator.
It shows relation between the terminal voltage V on load and the load current L.I

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Source :R.K.Rajput,
Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Second edition, 2012 ,
University Science press, New Delhi
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Load Characteristics of Series Generators
In this generator, the field winding is connected in series with the armature and load .

Therefore, full armature current (I a ) flows through it. When load increases, (I a ) increases which increases flux and
consequently generated emf is also increased. This, correspondingly increases the terminal voltage V.

Thus, a series generator has a rising characteristic (curve OA) as shown in Fig.

However, at higher loads, the terminal voltage begins to reduce because of the excessive demagnetising effects of
armature reaction.
Ultimately, the terminal voltage reduces to zero at load current OB as shown
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Source :R. K. Rajput,
Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Second edition, 2012 ,
University Science press, New Delhi
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Load Characteristics of Compound Generator
A cumulatively – compound wound generator is shown in Figure. Its level of compounding can be changed by varying
the amount of current passing through the series field winding by connecting a by-pass rheostat ( Rh).
When the field current is adjusted such that the terminal voltage (V )on full load remains the same as that on no-load,
the generator is called to be level or flat compounded generator.

When the terminal voltage on full-load is more than its terminal voltage at no-load, the generator is called to be an
over compounded generator.

On the other hand, when the terminal voltage on full-load is less than no-load voltage, the generator is called to be as
under compounded generator.

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Causes of Failure to Build-up Voltage in a Generator

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Applications of DC Generators

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Power flow diagram of a DC generator

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Source :R. K. Rajput,
Basic Electrical and Electronics
Engineering,
Second edition, 2012 ,
University Science press, New Delhi

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