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Pythonscope

The document explains the concept of variable scope in Python, distinguishing between local and global scopes. It describes how local variables are confined to their defining function, while global variables can be accessed from anywhere in the code. Additionally, it introduces the 'global' and 'nonlocal' keywords for modifying global variables within functions and managing variables in nested functions, respectively.

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pranayaws15
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2 views

Pythonscope

The document explains the concept of variable scope in Python, distinguishing between local and global scopes. It describes how local variables are confined to their defining function, while global variables can be accessed from anywhere in the code. Additionally, it introduces the 'global' and 'nonlocal' keywords for modifying global variables within functions and managing variables in nested functions, respectively.

Uploaded by

pranayaws15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PythonScope

A variable is only available from inside the region it is created. This is


called scope.

Local Scope
A variable created inside a function belongs to the local scope of that function,
and can only be used inside that function.

Example
A variable created inside a function is available inside that function:

def myfunc():
x = 300
print(x)

myfunc()

Function Inside Function


As explained in the example above, the variable x is not available outside the
function, but it is available for any function inside the function:

Example
The local variable can be accessed from a function within the function:

def myfunc():
x = 300
def myinnerfunc():
print(x)
myinnerfunc()

myfunc()
Global Scope
A variable created in the main body of the Python code is a global variable and
belongs to the global scope.

Global variables are available from within any scope, global and local.

Example
A variable created outside of a function is global and can be used by anyone:

x = 300

def myfunc():
print(x)

myfunc()

print(x)

Naming Variables
If you operate with the same variable name inside and outside of a function,
Python will treat them as two separate variables, one available in the global
scope (outside the function) and one available in the local scope (inside the
function):

Example
The function will print the local x, and then the code will print the global x:

x = 300

def myfunc():
x = 200
print(x)

myfunc()

print(x)

Global Keyword
If you need to create a global variable, but are stuck in the local scope, you can
use the global keyword.

The global keyword makes the variable global.

Example
If you use the global keyword, the variable belongs to the global scope:

def myfunc():
global x
x = 300

myfunc()

print(x)

Also, use the global keyword if you want to make a change to a global variable
inside a function.

Example
To change the value of a global variable inside a function, refer to the variable
by using the global keyword:

x = 300

def myfunc():
global x
x = 200

myfunc()

print(x)

Nonlocal Keyword
The nonlocal keyword is used to work with variables inside nested functions.

The nonlocal keyword makes the variable belong to the outer function.

Example
If you use the nonlocal keyword, the variable will belong to the outer function:

def myfunc1():
x = "Jane"
def myfunc2():
nonlocal x
x = "hello"
myfunc2()
return x

print(myfunc1())

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