Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249

Comparative Study of Different Cloud

Computing Deployment Models
Luyembi Tshiniama Honoré1; Banza Mudinga Arsène2
1
Teacher and Researcher at the National Pedagogical University
(UPN) in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
2
Teacher and Researcher at the Higher Technical Pedagogical Institute of Kinshasa
(ISPT-KIN), Democratic Republic of Congo.

Publication Date: 2025/02/25

Abstract: Cloud Computing, often seen as a technological revolution, makes it possible to dematerialize information systems
by making services accessible via a communication network, more often via the Internet. Its growth can be explained by its
major advantages such as cost reduction, greater flexibility and independence from traditional physical infrastructures.

We will compare the 4 cloud deployment models by showing how each model works. We will also detail the benefits
and risks associated with each model.

 The Study Focuses on these Four main Deployment models, Namely:

 Public Cloud,

 Private Cloud,

 Hybrid Cloud,

 Community Cloud.

Although the benefits of cloud computing are countless, this study also raises significant challenges related to cloud,
particularly in terms of data security, dependence on a stable Internet connection.

To help businesses navigate this complex landscape, we have provided some recommendations concerning specific
needs, integration capabilities and potential risks.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Cloud Deployment, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, Company.

How to Cite: Luyembi Tshiniama Honoré; Banza Mudinga Arsène (2025). Comparative Study of Different Cloud Computing
Deployment Models. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(2), 201-206.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249

I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing can be defined as a dematerialization

or deportation of information systems to remote servers,
For several decades, information technologies have traditionally deployed and managed locally by a user or a
taken an important place in most areas of our society and private company. Cloud computing is an IT concept born in
especially in our communications. Over the last decade, with the 1970s which is part of the process of evolution of IT.
the standardization of the Internet, the development of high-
speed networks, pay-per-use and the societal quest for Cloud service is implemented by the cloud provider
mobility, the IT world has seen the popularization of a new (CSP, Cloud Service Provider). The user accesses these
paradigm, the Cloud. services on demand via a wide network such as the Internet.

1
Teacher and Researcher at the National Pedagogical University (UPN) in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
2
Teacher and Researcher at the Higher Technical Pedagogical Institute of Kinshasa (ISPT-KIN), Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249
Cloud computing is considered a fully virtualized  There are Three main Service models in their Definition
system, enabling both computing, storage and utilization of of Cloud Computing:
software resources as well as servers as a single platform.
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ;
This new concept offers opportunities for companies to  Platform as a Service (PaaS) ;
reduce their investment costs in infrastructure and software.  Software as a Service (SaaS).

In this article, we will present the 4 cloud deployment The following sections present each service model in
models by showing the operation and typology of each detail and a summary table will subsequently be presented to
model. We will also detail the benefits and risks associated illustrate each type of service.
with each model.
 Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas)
II. PRESENTATION OF SERVICE MODELS In this model, the cloud provider controls the underlying
infrastructure:
Some companies choose to acquire their own
infrastructure. In this case, the company ensures the  Virtualization;
management of the entire infrastructure, namely the  Servers;
maintenance of hardware, network, server storage, etc. This  Storage;
model is called “ON-Premise”, which means that the
 Network.
company maintains total control over its IT environment; She
is therefore in charge of all the layers that we can represent in
The user maintains the upper layers and chooses the
the table below:
operating system, software, applications and data.

 Two Examples are:

 Amazon AWS EC2

 Google Compute Engine

 Platform as a Service (PaaS)

The cloud provider is also responsible for:

 Operating system
 Middleware
 Runtime.

The client retains the data and the application. This is

ideal for developers who want to run their PHP, Python, or
Java applications without worrying about the underlying
layers.

 Two Examples are:

 Amazon AWS BeanStalk

 Google App Engine

 Software as a Service (SaaS)

In the SaaS model, the cloud provider manages and
provides everything. This is the service model that most of us
Fig 1 Cloud Computing Layers are familiar with.

Conversely, and generally, Cloud computing is based on  Examples are:

a model of structured services which allow companies and
users to access IT resources. online without having to manage  Office 365;
complex physical infrastructures [6]. We use the terminology  Gmail;
"as a Service" (as a service), because businesses can use  Facebook;
computing resources without having to physically own them.  Twitter, etc.

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 Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249
 Representative Diagram of the Different types of Services

Fig 2 Diagram of 3 main Cloud Services

III. THE FOUR CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS ⮚ Public Cloud;

⮚ Private Cloud (Internal and External);
Cloud deployment is a strategic approach that allows ⮚ Hybrid Cloud;
companies to host their data on remote infrastructures. The 3 ⮚ Community Cloud.
service models above are delivered through these 4 main
deployment models, namely:

Fig 3 Illustration of 4 Cloud Deployment Models

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Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249
 Public Cloud remains owned by the provider. Multi-tenant: coexistence of
Public clouds are open to the company or large multiple consumers in the same cloud.
industrial groups [7]. It’s owned by a Cloud Service Provider
and owns and manages cloud infrastructure. The most common case is that of the Amazon Web
Services platform, therefore it is an external public cloud and
In this deployment model, several companies use the owned by Amazon.
infrastructure of the same provider, but the infrastructure

Fig 4 Illustration Cloud Public

 Private Cloud  External private cloud

Private Cloud is used by a single organization, it can be
managed by the organization or by a third party. The An unauthorized outside person will not be able to
infrastructure can be placed on the organization's premises or access it, so it is an internal private cloud and is the property
externally. of this company.

Unlike the public cloud that provides services to  Example: A company X uses the S3 (Simple storage
multiple companies, only one company operates a private service) offer from Amazon web service to store its data
cloud. in the cloud.
 Internal private cloud: This cloud model is used when
For this deployment model, company X can subscribe an organization does not want to store its data in the public
to a cloud service that will only be accessible internally. cloud to improve the use of resources and automate the
management of these resources.
 We Distinguish Two Types of Private Clouds, Namely:

 Internal private cloud

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Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249

Fig 5 Private Cloud Illustration

 External private cloud: Unlike internal private cloud, this model are used when the organization aims to expand its capacity
by using a proprietary private cloud that is remotely accessible and provisioned by another organization.

Fig 6 Illustration External Private Cloud

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Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249
 Hybrid Cloud This is an excellent solution for distributing resources
Hybrid clouds are made up of one or more models that according to the benefits sought.
remain separate entities. These infrastructures are linked
together by the same technology which allows the portability
of applications and data (8).

Fig 7 Hybrid Cloud Illustration

This model combines multiple clouds: private It can be managed by the organizations or by a third
community or public that retain their identities but are linked party and can be placed on premises or outside (5).
together as a single unit (6).
In this deployment model, several companies can
 Community Cloud exchange information using the Internet through a secure
Community clouds are shared by multiple organizations tunnel. It’s sort of an external private cloud.
for the needs of a community that wishes to pool resources
(security, compliance, etc.).  Example: Several universities and schools have access to
the National Telecommunications Network for
technology, teaching and research

Fig 8 Community Cloud Illustration

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Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249
IV. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  Limited features (hosted application version compared to
OF THE CLOUD the locally installed version): synchronization and updates
must be done regularly to ensure the uniqueness of the
 Advantages applications.
Cloud computing also offers financial advantages
because thanks to this technology a company no longer needs  Data stored in the cloud may be secure: in some countries,
heavy investments in IT capital and no waste of time and the government accesses company data which risks
expenses in maintaining complex infrastructures. violating data confidentiality and security.

 Cost reduction  Recorded data may be lost: In the event of a major failure
 Device independence (Shadow IT) in the provider's infrastructure, loss of data is possible.
 Instant software updates
 Unlimited storage capacity V. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CLOUD
 Elasticity and resources can automatically adapt to an DEPLOYMENT MODELS
increase in load.
In view of the above, to make its choice, each company
 Disadvantages must evaluate the advantages and challenges of the different
However, the tradeoff for these benefits is dependence options in order to opt for the Cloud solution best suited to its
on the internet and service providers, not to mention data needs in terms of security, flexibility and costs.
security and privacy. Here are some downsides:
The table below presents a comparison of the 4 main
 Permanent internet connection: access to the internet then cloud deployment models to help businesses make an
becomes a condition Sine qua non without which it informed choice.
becomes impossible to work.
 Comparison table of the four main Cloud Deployment
 Bandwidth: no access to the cloud because of low-speed Models
connections, subscribing to cloud service requires having
a very good internet connection in order to significantly
reduce the waiting time when executing an operation.

Table 1 Comparison table of the four main Cloud Deployment Models

Criteria Private Cloud Cloud Public Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud
Preview Private cloud refers to an The public cloud is Hybrid cloud combines Community cloud is
infrastructure dedicated based on an private and public cloud based on an
exclusively to an infrastructure shared to enable smooth infrastructure shared
organization, hosted on- between several users, interaction between two between several
site or in a private data managed and environments. organizations with
center. maintained by a common needs, here
provider. management is done
collectively or
delegated.
Owner The infrastructure belongs Infrastructure owned Ownership is mixed: the Ownership is shared
exclusively to the and administered by the organization manages among member
organization that uses it cloud service provider, the private part and the organizations or
(Private infrastructure). for example: AWS, provider controls the delegated to a third
Azure, Google Cloud). public part. party designated by the
community.
Accessibility Accessible only by the Accessible to any user Accessibility Accessible only to
organization via secure and with an Internet determined by needs: community members,
dedicated networks. connection and a valid sensitive data is in accordance with
account. managed privately and established rules.
other data is managed
publicly.
Costs High costs, including Variable costs Combined costs: Costs are shared
initial investments, depending on usage, investment for the between members,
maintenance and with a low initial private sector and which reduces
operation. investment thanks to operating expenses for individual costs.
the “pay-as-you-go” the public.
model.
Security High security, suitable for Security dependent on Adjustable security: Security defined
sensitive data, critical the guarantees offered critical private data and collectively by

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 Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249
applications and strict by the supplier, less sensitive public members, according to
regulations. although high standards data. specific needs.
are often respected.
Performances High performance thanks The performances are Balanced performance Performance generally
to resources reserved only variable depending on based on load adapted to the specific
for the organization. the use of resources distribution between needs of the community.
shared with other the two environments.
users.
Flexibility Limited flexibility: Very flexible, with Offers optimal Offers moderate
Expansion requires resources available on flexibility through the flexibility, it depends on
additional hardware demand and without combination of both agreements between
investments. constraints material. environments. members and allocated
resources.
Maintenance Managed internally Fully supported by the Shared maintenance: Insured collectively or
requires dedicated supplier. internal for the private outsourced according to
expertise and budget. sector, supplier for the needs.
public.

Use Ideal for critical Suitable for small Recommended for Suitable for collaborative
applications and sensitive businesses like organizations that need projects. Example:
data (banks, governments, startups, for testing, to rapidly scale their IT universities, research
medical). development resources while consortia, NGOs etc.
environments, or for meeting certain hybrid
businesses looking to compliance
reduce costs. requirements.
Benefits Full control over Reduced cost, rapid Optimization of Reduction of costs,
infrastructure, high scalability, simplified resources, increased pooling of resources and
security, easy compliance access and centralized flexibility and ability to strengthening of
with regulatory standards. management by the adapt loads according collaboration between
supplier. to needs. members.

Disadvantages High cost, management Vendor dependency, Complexity of Complex governance,

complexity and limited data privacy and integrating the two need to coordinate the
capacity to absorb security risks. environments, interests of members and
growing demand. combined management manage possible conflicts.
costs.

VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS We provide some recommendations that can help
businesses to choose a cloud model. For businesses that want
In conclusion, the cloud is a revolution in the IT field, to move to the cloud, choosing the right cloud model depends
attracting behind its new technologies as well as completely on the needs of each organization. If a business has a small
new ways of thinking and designing today's information budget or needs that change often, the public cloud is a good
systems. option; It's flexible and inexpensive, which works well for
small businesses testing new markets.
The use of Cloud is increasingly remarkable given
several factors, including its cost-effective architectures, For industries that deal with sensitive data or are subject
supporting data transmission, storage and intensive to strict regulations, the private cloud is recommended, as it
computing. offers more security and control. For businesses looking for
both flexibility and security, they can look to hybrid cloud,
However, these promising storage services raise the which combines the benefits of public clouds and private
question of data protection and regulatory compliance, which clouds.
implied the problem of loss of control and governance.
For collaborative (community) projects such as
In parallel with the security issue, the viability of such a university research, NGOs or certain government initiatives,
model, where the production of computing resources is the community cloud is a good option, because it allows
concentrated in a limited number of ever-larger data centers, resources to be shared between several organizations with
can be debated on certain aspects such as fault tolerance, similar needs.
particularly during natural disasters or human errors.

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Volume 10, Issue 2, February – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14921249
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