EEC 117 Introduction to Computer Hardware I PRACTICAL WORKSHOP

Practical 1
Title of the Experiment: Identification of Computer System Part
Aims of Objectives: The main objective of this practical is to identify different part
of computer system like internal and external component and software identification.
Apparatus Required:
I. Computer Software
II. Desktop computer / Laptop
III. Computer Repair toolkit box

Theory of the Experiment:

Identifying computer system parts typically involves physically examining the components or
checking system information in software. Here's a step-by-step guide:

1. External Components:

 Case: The outer shell of the computer. It houses all internal components.

 Monitor: The screen that displays output from the computer.

 Keyboard and Mouse: Input devices for interacting with the computer.

 Printer, Scanner, or Other Peripherals: Devices connected to the computer for additional
functionality.

2. Internal Components:

 Motherboard: The main circuit board that holds the CPU, memory, and other essential
components.

 CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer.

 RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory used by the computer for running
programs.

 Storage Devices: Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) or Solid State Drives (SSDs) where data is stored.

 Graphics Card (GPU): Handles graphics processing.

 Power Supply Unit (PSU): Provides power to the components.

 Cooling System: Fans or liquid cooling systems to keep components from overheating.

 Expansion Cards: Cards inserted into slots on the motherboard for additional functionality (e.g.,
sound cards, network cards, etc.).

 Cables and Connectors: Wires that connect various components inside the computer.

3. Software Identification:

 Operating System: Check the operating system installed on the computer (e.g., Windows,
macOS, Linux).

 System Information Tools: Use built-in system information tools or third-party software to
identify hardware components and their specifications. In Windows, you can use "System
Information" or "Device Manager." On macOS, you can use the "About This Mac" feature.

 BIOS/UEFI: Access the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) or UEFI (Unified Extensible
Firmware Interface) to view hardware information.

Precautions:
When identifying computer system parts, it's essential to take certain precautions to
ensure safety and prevent damage to the components. Here are some precautions to
keep in mind:

1. Turn Off and Unplug: Before handling any internal components, make sure the
computer is turned off and unplugged from the power source. This prevents the risk
of electric shock and damage to the components.
2. Ground Yourself: Static electricity can damage sensitive computer components.
Use an anti-static wrist strap or regularly touch a grounded metal surface to discharge
any static buildup before handling components.

3. Handle Components Carefully: Computer parts are delicate and can be easily
damaged by mishandling. Handle components with care, avoiding excessive force
or dropping them.

4. Use Proper Tools: Use the appropriate tools, such as screwdrivers, to safely
remove and install components. Using the wrong tools can damage components or
strip screws.

5. Refer to Documentation: If you're unsure about how to identify or handle a

specific component, refer to the documentation provided by the manufacturer or
consult online resources for guidance.

6. Avoid ESD-sensitive Areas: Avoid working on carpeted surfaces or areas prone

to static buildup, as these can increase the risk of static discharge.

7. Keep Components in Antistatic Bags: When not installed in the computer, store
components in antistatic bags to protect them from static electricity.

8. Avoid Excessive Force: When installing components such as RAM or expansion

cards, ensure they are properly aligned with the slots before applying gentle pressure.
Excessive force can damage both the component and the slot.

9. Keep Workspace Clean: Maintain a clean and organized workspace to prevent

small screws or other components from getting lost or accidentally mixed up.
10. Check Compatibility: Before installing or replacing components, ensure
compatibility with your computer system. Consult the motherboard manual or
manufacturer's specifications to verify compatibility.

By following these precautions, you can safely identify and handle computer system
parts without risking damage to the components or injury to yourself.
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 Practical 2
Title of the Experiment: Assembling of desktop computer /Laptop
Aims of Objectives: The main objective of this practical is to Assembling of
desktop computer /Laptop.
Apparatus Required:
I. Computer Parts: CPU, Casing, Motherboard, Ram etc.
II. Computer Repair toolkit box

Theory of the Experiment:

Assembling a desktop computer or a laptop involves different processes due to

their inherent design differences. Here are basic steps for both:

Assembling a Desktop Computer:

1. Prepare Your Workspace:

 Choose a clean, well-lit area with plenty of space to work.

 Use an antistatic mat or work on a non-conductive surface to prevent static
electricity damage.

2. Gather Your Components:

 Ensure you have all the necessary components: motherboard, CPU, RAM, graphics
card (if not integrated), storage devices, power supply, case, peripherals, and
necessary cables.

3. Install Components Into the Case:

 Mount the motherboard into the case using standoffs to prevent it from touching
the metal.
 Install the CPU, CPU cooler, RAM, graphics card, and storage drives into their
respective slots on the motherboard.

4. Connect Cables:
 Connect power cables from the power supply to the motherboard, CPU, graphics
card, and storage drives.
 Connect data cables such as SATA or NVMe cables to the storage drives.

5. Install Additional Components:

 Install any additional expansion cards, such as sound cards or network cards, into
the appropriate slots on the motherboard.

6. Cable Management:

 Organize and route cables neatly to ensure proper airflow and aesthetics. Use cable
ties or Velcro straps to secure cables.

7. Close the Case:

 Once all components are installed and cables are connected, close the computer
case and secure it with screws.

8. Power On and Test:

 Connect peripherals such as a monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

 Power on the computer and check for proper booting. Enter the BIOS/UEFI to
ensure all components are recognized.
 Install the operating system and necessary drivers.

Assembling a Laptop:

Assembling a laptop typically involves less user involvement as laptops come

preassembled from manufacturers. However, if you're upgrading components, here
are some basic steps:

1. Prepare Your Workspace:

 Choose a clean, well-lit area with a flat surface.

2. Gather Your Components:

 If you're upgrading components, ensure you have the correct replacement parts and
any necessary tools.

3. Access the Interior:

 Remove the laptop's bottom panel or access door to gain access to the internal
components.

4. Install/Replace Components:

 Depending on the upgrade, install or replace components such as RAM, storage

drives, or wireless cards.

5. Secure Components and Close the Laptop:

 Secure the new components in place and close the laptop's bottom panel or access
door.

6. Test:

 Power on the laptop and ensure that the new components are recognized and
functioning properly.

Precautions:

Precautions for Assembling a Desktop Computer:

1. Static Electricity Protection:

2. Handle Components Carefully:

3. Check Compatibility:

4. Use Proper Tools:

5. Follow Manufacturer Instructions:

6. Install Components in Correct Order:

7. Check for Clearance and Compatibility:

8. Test Outside the Case (Optional)

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Practical 3

Title of the Experiment: How to Disassemble a Computer

Aims of Objectives: The main objective of this practical is to How to Disassemble

a Computer.

Apparatus Required:

III. Desktop computer.

IV. Computer Repair toolkit box

Theory of the Experiment:

Step 1: Detach the Power Cable

The disassembling of the computer system starts with externally connected device
detachment. Make sure the computer system is turned off; if not, then successfully
shut down the system and then start detaching the external devices from the
computer system.

Step 2: Remove the Cover

The standard way of removing tower cases used to be to undo the screws on the back
of the case, slide the cover back about an inch and lift it off. The screwdrivers, as
per the type of screw, are required to do the task.
Step 3: Remove the Adapter Cards

Make sure if the card has any cables or wires that might be attached, and decide if it
would be easier to remove them before or after you remove the card. Remove the
screw, if any, that holds the card in place. Grab the card by its edges, front and back,
and gently rock it lengthwise to release it.

Step 4: Remove the Drives

Removing drives is easier. There can be possibly three types of drives present in
your computer system: hard disk drive, CD/DVD/Blu-ray drives, and floppy disk
drives (almost absolute nowadays). They usually have a power connector and a data
cable attached from the device to a controller card or a connector on the
motherboard. CD/DVD/Blu-ray drive may have an analog cable connected to the
sound card for direct audio output.

The power may be attached using one of two connectors: a Molex connector or a
Berg connector for the drive. The Molex connector may require to be wiggled
slightly from side to side and apply gentle pressure outwards. The Berg connector
may just pull out, or it may have a small tab that has to be lifted with a screwdriver.

Now pull the data cables off from the drive as well as the motherboard connector.
The hard disk drive and CD/DVD drives have two types of data cables. IDE and
SATA cables.
Step 5: Remove the Memory Module

Memory modules are mounted on the motherboard as the chips can be damaged by
manual force if applied improperly. Be careful and handle the chip only by the edges.
SIMMs and DIMMs are removed in a different way:

Step 6: Remove the Power Supply

The power supply is attached to the tower cabinet at the top back end of the tower.
Make sure the power connector is detached from the switchboard. Start removing
the power connector connected to the motherboard, including the CPU fan power
connector, cabinet fan, the front panel of cabinet power buttons, and all the
remaining drives if not detached yet.

Step 7: Remove the Motherboard

Before removing all the connectors from the motherboard, make sure you memorize
the connectors for assembling the computer if required, as that may require
connecting the connectors at its place. Remove the screws from the back of the
motherboard, and you will be able to detach it from the cabinet.

Now, remove the CPU fan from the motherboard. The heat sink will be visible now,
which can be removed by pulling the tab upward. Finally, the processor is visible
now, which can be removed by the plastic tab, which can be pulled back by
stretching it sideways.
 Precautions:

When disassembling a computer, whether it's a desktop or a laptop, it's important to

take precautions to avoid damaging components and ensure a smooth process. Here
are some precautions to keep in mind:

Precautions for Disassembling a Computer:

1. Power Off and Unplug:

2. Ground Yourself:

3. Prepare Workspace:

4. Label Cables and Components:

5. Follow Manufacturer Instructions:

6. Use Proper Tools:

7. Handle Components with Care:

8. Keep Track of Screws and Parts:

9. Check for Hidden Screws or Latches:

10. Be Mindful of Cables:

11. Work Methodically:

12. Dispose of Components Properly
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 Practical 3

Title of the Experiment: Step by Step Guide to installed Windows operating

system

Aims of Objectives: The main objective of this practical is to know Step by Step
Guide to installed Windows operating system.

Apparatus Required:

I. Windows Installation Media:

II. Computer or Laptop

III. Product Key

IV. Screwdriver (for Desktops)

V. External Storage Device (Optional)

VI. Internet Connection (Optional)

VII. Backup Software (Optional)

Theory of the Experiment:

step-by-step guide to installing the Windows operating system:

Step 1: Prepare Installation Media

1. Obtain a Windows installation USB drive or DVD. You can create one using the official
Windows Media Creation Tool available on the Microsoft website.

Step 2: Backup Important Data (Optional)

2. If you have any important data on your computer, consider backing it up to an external
storage device to prevent data loss during the installation process.

Step 3: Boot from Installation Media

3. Insert the Windows installation USB drive or DVD into your computer.
4. Restart your computer and access the BIOS/UEFI settings by pressing the designated
key during startup (usually F2, F10, F12, ESC, or DEL).
5. In the BIOS/UEFI settings, set the boot priority to boot from the installation media (USB
or DVD drive).
6. Save the changes and exit the BIOS/UEFI settings. Your computer will now boot from
the Windows installation media.

Step 4: Start the Installation Process

7. Once the computer boots from the installation media, you'll see the Windows setup
screen. Select your language, time, currency, and keyboard preferences, then click
"Next."
8. Click "Install Now" to begin the installation process.

Step 5: Enter Product Key

9. Enter your Windows product key when prompted. If you don't have a product key, you
can choose to skip this step for now, but you'll need to activate Windows later.

Step 6: Accept License Terms

10. Read and accept the Microsoft Software License Terms.

Step 7: Choose Installation Type

11. Select the installation type:

 Upgrade: If you're upgrading from a previous version of Windows.
 Custom: If you're performing a clean installation or installing Windows on a new hard
drive.

Step 8: Select Installation Drive (Custom Installation Only)

12. If you chose the custom installation option, select the drive where you want to install
Windows. You may need to format the drive before proceeding.

Step 9: Install Windows

13. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the installation process. Windows will copy
files, install features, and updates as needed.

Step 10: Set Up Your Account

14. Create or sign in to your Microsoft account. You can also choose to create a local
account if you prefer.

Step 11: Personalize Your Settings

15. Customize your Windows settings, including privacy settings, Cortana preferences, and
more.

Step 12: Install Drivers and Updates

16. After the installation is complete, install any necessary drivers for your hardware
components. You can download drivers from the manufacturer's website or use
Windows Update to search for updates.

Step 13: Activate Windows

17. If you skipped entering a product key during installation, you'll need to activate
Windows now. Go to Settings > Update & Security > Activation, and click "Change
product key" to enter your product key.

Step 14: Enjoy Windows

18. Once Windows is activated and all drivers are installed, you're ready to start using your
computer with the new Windows operating system!

Precaution:
Installing the Windows operating system requires careful attention to detail to ensure a
smooth and successful installation process. Here are some precautions to keep in mind:

1. Backup Important Data:

2. Verify System Requirements:

3. Prepare Installation Media:

4. Check Hardware Compatibility:

5. Disconnect External Devices:

6. Antivirus and Security Software:

7. Update BIOS/UEFI Firmware (Optional):

8. Backup Drivers (Optional):

9. Create Restore Point (Optional):

10. Activate Windows:

11. Read Instructions Carefully:

12. Patience and Time

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