Week 9

A. VERBALS
Verbals are those forms that occupy verb positions and perform predicator ( P ) function.
A verbal may be:
a. A verb phrase
+ a finite verb
Ex: The girl giggles.
VP/P/Val
+ auxiliary + main verb
Ex: The girl is laughing.
VP/P/Val
+ (aux.) + MV+ O/C/M
Ex: The boy goes to school by bus every day.
VP/P/Val
The boy is eating chocolate alone in a corner of the class.
VP/P/Val

b. A non-finite verb
+ standing alone: When standing alone in a sentence, a non-finite verb is
identified by its position and function in the sentence.
Ex: To see is to believe.
Inf/S/Nal Inf/SC/Nal
They struggled to survive.
Inf/M/Aval
That is a day to remember.
Inf/M/Ajal
+ beginning a verbal phrase: When a non-finite verb begins a verbal
phrase, it is always in function Predicator
( P ) and Verbal (Val)
Compare:
Eating a lot of vegetables everyday is good for health.
GP/S/Nal
Eating a lot of vegetables everyday is good for health.
G/P/Val
His ambition is to win the match.
InfP/SC/Nal
His ambition is to win the match.
Inf/P/Val
He wants to become an engineer.
InfP/DO/Nal
He wants to become an engineer.
Inf/P/Val
EXERCISE 14
Analyze the following underlined parts by Form, Function, and Position
1. Having sprinkled the lawn, he turned off the water.

2. She remembered seeing the play before.

3. Do you like to be there?

4. We urged the guests to remain for dinner.

5. She was proud of being a member of the band.

6. He wanted the teacher to give him an A.

7. After having been cheerful for weeks, Chuck was now depressed.

8. Keeping quiet, she peered through the window.

9. Calling Josephine an artist was a compliment.

10. Jim’s father did not object to his becoming a Marine.

EXERCISE 15
Identify the Form, Function, and Position of the underlined parts
1. Last Monday was a holiday.

2. The Monday washing is on the line.

3. Mrs. Reed always jogs Mondays.

4. Won’t you come in?

5. The outs were angry with the ins.

6. They stomped upstairs.

7. They slept in the upstairs room.

8. One can see the airport from upstairs.

9. Jake was wrestling with his math.

 10. The wrestling roommates were exhausted.

11. Juniper found wrestling exciting.

12. They came in wrestling.

13. The student movie is presented weekly.

14. The student movie is a weekly occurrence.

15. His way is the best.

16. He did this his way.

17. The mechanic ran the engine full speed.

18. By this means he burned out the carbon.

19. He raised the hood because the engine was hot.

20. They found the cabin just what they wanted.

TEST 4
1. By position, the units of a sentence can be classified as:
a. nominal, adjectival, adverbial, and verbal b. noun, adjective, adverb, and verb
c. subject, object, complement, modifier d. lexical and functional
2. Which of the following is true about nominal?
a. A nominal is any unit taking the position of a noun b. A nominal is a noun clause
c. A nominal is a noun phrase d. A nominal is a modifier of a noun
3. Which of the following is true about adjectival?
a. An adjectival is a modifier of a noun
b. An adjectival is a pre-nominal modifier
c. An adjectival is a post-nominal modifier
d. An adjectival is any unit taking the position of an adjective
4. An adverbial is any unit:
a. going with a sentence b. in function modifier
c. going with a verb d. taking the position of an adverb
5. A verbal is a:
a. unit in the position of a verb b. verbal phrase c. verb phrase d. verb form
6. By position, the underlined part in ‘coming home, I found my dog poisoned’ is a:
a. verbal b. adjectival c. nominal d. adverbial
7. By position, the underlined part in ‘coming home, I found my dog poisoned’ is a:
a. adverbial b. adjectival c. verbal d. nominal
8. By position, the underlined part in ‘coming home, I found my dog poisoned’ is a:
 a. adverbial b. adjectival c. nominal d. verbal
9. By position, the underlined part in ‘coming home late at night is dangerous’ is a:
a. verbal b. adjectival c. adverbial d. nominal
10. By position, the underlined part in ‘coming home late at night is dangerous’ is a:
a. adjectival b. nominal c. adverbial d. verbal
11. By position, the underlined part in ‘coming home, I found my dog poisoned’ is a:
a. verbal b. nominal c. adverbial d. adjectival
12. By position, the underlined part in ‘to be successful doesn’t mean to be wealthy’ is a:
a. nominal b. adjectival c. adverbial d. verbal
13. By position, the underlined part in ‘your requirement is over my ability’ is a:
a. verbal b. adjectival c. adverbial d. verbal
14. By position, the underlined part in ‘to be late to an interview is disappointing’ is a:
a. adjectival b. verbal c. adverbial d. nominal
15. By position, the underlined part in ‘to be late to an interview is disappointing’ is a:
a. adjectival b. nominal c. adverbial d. verbal
16. By position, the underlined part in ‘to be late to an interview is disappointing’ is a:
a. verbal b. nominal c. adverbial d. adjectival
17. By position, the underlined part in ‘the client whose stock he was handling died’ is a:
a. nominal b. adjectival c. adverbial d. verbal
18. By position, the underlined part in ‘the client whose stock he was handling died’ is a:
a. adjectival b. nominal c. adverbial d. verbal
19. By position, the underlined part in ‘the client whose stock he was handling died’ is a:
a. adjectival b. verbal c. adverbial d. nominal
20. By position, the underlined part in ‘the client whose stock he was handling died’ is a:
a. verbal b. adjectival c. adverbial d. nominal
21. By position, the underlined part in ‘I come here to see you’ is a:
a. verbal b. adjectival c. adverbial d. nominal
22. By position, the underlined part in ‘I come here to see you’ is a:
a. verbal b. adjectival c. nominal d. adverbial
23. By position, the underlined part in ‘I come here to see you’ is a:
a. nominal b. adjectival c. adverbial d. verbal
24. By position, the underlined part in ‘I come here to see you’ is a:
a. adverbial b. adjectival c. verbal d. nominal
25. By position, the underlined part in ‘I come here to study’ is a:
a. adverbial b. adjectival c. nominal d. verbal

TEST 5
1. The underlined part in “We will delay the papers, pending arrival of the contract” can be
analyzed as:
a. NP / M / Aval b. NP / OP / Nal c. PresPP / M / Ajal d. PP / M / Ajal
2. The underlined part in “We will delay the papers, pending arrival of the contract” can be
analyzed as:
a. NP / DO / Nal b. NP / M / Aval c. NP / M / Ajal d. NP / OP / Nal
3. The underlined part in “We will delay the papers, pending arrival of the contract” can be
analyzed as:
a. PP / M / Aval b. PP / M / Ajal c. PresPP / M / Aval d. GP / M / Aval
4. The underlined part in “We will delay the papers, pending arrival of the contract” can be
analyzed as:
a. PP / M / Aval b. NP / M / Ajal c. PP / M / Ajal d. NP / OP / Nal
5. The underlined part in “The trainees didn’t consider it part of the job to answer calls from
time-wasters” can be analyzed as:
a. PP / M / Aval b. PP / M / Ajal c. NP / OC / Nal d. NP / M / Ajal
6. The underlined part in “The trainees didn’t consider it part of the job to answer calls from
time-wasters” can be analyzed as:
a. NP / OC / Ajal b. NP / DO / Nal c. NP / M / Aval d. NP / OC / Nal
7. The underlined part in “The trainees didn’t consider it part of the job to answer calls from
time-wasters” can be analyzed as:
a. InfP / OC / Nal b. VP / M / Ajal c. InfP / DO / Nal d. PP / M / Aval
8. The underlined part in “The trainees didn’t consider it part of the job to answer calls from
time-wasters” can be analyzed as:
a. InfP / P / Val b. PP / M / Ajal c. Inf / P / Val d. PP / M / Aval
9. The underlined part in “He hotly denied the rumor that was then being circulated” can be
analyzed as:
a. NC / OC / Nal b. NP / SC / Nal c. NP / DO / Nal d. NP / CoV / Nal
10. The underlined part in “He hotly denied the rumor that was then being circulated” can be
analyzed as:
a. AC / M / Aval b. NC / CoN / Ajal c. NC / OC / Nal d. AC / M / Ajal
11. The underlined part in “He hotly denied the rumor that was then being circulated” can be
analyzed as:
a. AP / M / Ajal b. Av / M / Aval c. A / M / Aval d. AvP / M / Aval
12. The underlined part in “He hotly denied the rumor that was then being circulated “can be
analyzed as:
a. VP / M / Val b. NP / SC / Nal c. AvP / M / Ajal d. VP / P / Val
13. The underlined part in “He’s coming today in spite of the fact that I told him I didn’t want
him” can be analyzed as:
a. NC / CoV / Nal b. NP / M / Ajal c. NC / DO / Nal d. NP / DO / Nal
14. The underlined part in “He’s coming today in spite of the fact that I told him I didn’t want
him “can be analyzed as:.
a. AvC / M / Aval b. PP / M / Ajal c. NC / C o V / Nal d. PP / M / Aval
15. The underlined part in “He’s coming today in spite of the fact that I told him I didn’t want
him” can be analyzed as:
a. AvP / M / Aval b. NP / DO / Nal c. Av / M / Aval d. A / SC / Nal
16. The underlined part in “He’s coming today in spite of the fact that I told him I didn’t want
him” can be analyzed as:
a. PN / DO / Nal b. PN / IO / Nal c. PN / C o V / Nal d. NP / IO / Nal
17. The underlined part in “Whether we are going for a picnic again is a question he is always
asking” can be analyzed as:
a. VP / P / Val b. NC / S / Nal c. InfP / M / Nal d. VP / M / Aval
18. The underlined part in “Whether we are going for a picnic again is a question he is always
asking” can be analyzed as:
a. PP / M / Ajal b. PP / M / Aval c. NP / CoV / Nal d. NP / M / Aval
19. The underlined part in “Whether we are going for a picnic again is a question he is always
asking” can be analyzed as:
a. NP / SC / Nal b. NC / SC / Nal c. NP / CoV / Nal d. NC / M / Aval
20. The underlined part in “Whether we are going for a picnic again is a question he is always
asking” can be analyzed as:
a. AC / M / Aval b. NC / M / Ajal c. NC / CoN / Nal d. AC / M / Ajal
21. The underlined part in “She declared it in the worst taste that they left nothing for Mr.
Manners “can be analyzed as:
a. PP / M / Ajal b. PP / M / Aval c. PP / IO / Nal d. NP / DO / Nal
22. The underlined part in “She declared it in the worst taste that they left nothing for Mr.
Manners “can be analyzed as:
a. NC / OC / Nal b. NC / DO / Nal c. NC / CoN / Nal d. AC / M / Ajal
23. The underlined part in “She declared it in the worst taste that they left nothing for Mr.
Manners “can be analyzed as:
a. PP / OC / Nal b. PP / M / Ajal c. PP / IO / Nal d. PP / M / Aval
24. The underlined part in “She declared it in the worst taste that they left nothing for Mr.
Manners “can be analyzed as:
a. VP / P / Val b. VP / M / Aval c. PP / IO / Nal d. NP / DO / Nal
25. The underlined part in “A century ago, it seemed unlikely that we would find a cure for TB”
can be analyzed as:
a. AP / SC / Ajal b. A / SC / Ajal c. Av / M / Aval d. AvP / M /Ajal
26. The underlined part in “A century ago, it seemed unlikely that we would find a cure for TB”
can be analyzed as:
a. NP / M / Ajal b. NP / M / Aval c. AvP / M / Aval d. AvP / M /Ajal
27. The underlined part in “A century ago, it seemed unlikely that we would find a cure for TB”
can be analyzed as:
a. AvP / M / Aval b. NP / M / Aval c. AvP / M / Ajal d. NP / M /Ajal
28. The underlined part in “A century ago, it seemed unlikely that we would find a cure for TB”
can be analyzed as:
a. NC / S / Nal b. NC / CoA / Nal c. NC / CoA / Ajal d. AvC / M / Aval
29. The underlined part in “The managing director was largely responsible for the collapse of the

company” can be analyzed as:

a. PP / C o A / Nal b. PP / M / Ajal c. PP / M / Aval d. PP / C o A / Aval
30. The underlined part in “The managing director was largely responsible for the collapse of the

company” can be analyzed as:

a. Av / M / Aval b. AvP / M / Aval c. Av / SC / Ajal d. AvP / SC / Aval
31. The underlined part in “The managing director was largely responsible for the collapse of the

company” can be analyzed as:

a. NP / OP / Nal b. PP / M / Ajal c. PP / M / Aval d. NP / C o A / Nal
32. The underlined part in “The managing director was largely responsible for the collapse of the

company” can be analyzed as:

a. AP / CoV / Ajal b. AvP / CoV / Ajal c. AP / SC / Ajal d. AvP / M / Aval
33. The underlined part in “She appears to be aware of what’s going on” can be analyzed as:
a. InfP / SC / Ajal b. AP / SC / Nal c. InfP / SC/ Nal d. AP / M / Aval
34. The underlined part in “She appears to be aware of what’s going on” can be analyzed as:
a. PP / CoA / Ajal b. PP / CoA / Nal c. NC / M / Aval d. NC / SC / Nal
35. The underlined part in “She appears to be aware of what’s going on” can be analyzed as:
a. NP / OP / Nal b. NC / OP / Nal c. NP / SC/ Nal d. NC / CoA / Nal
36. The underlined part in “Lydia always mocks my attempt to speak French, but at least I’m
willing to try” can be analyzed as:
a. InfP / C o N / Nal b. InfP / DO / Nal c. InfP / M / Ajal d. PP / C o N / Ajal
37. The underlined part in “Lydia always mocks my attempt to speak French, but at least I’m
willing to try” can be analyzed as:
a. NP / DO / Nal b. NP / CoV / Nal c. InfP / C o N / Nal d. PP / C o N / Ajal
38. The underlined part in “Lydia always mocks my attempt to speak French, but at least I’m
willing to try” can be analyzed as:
a. AP / SC / Ajal b. PresPP / M / Aval c. AP / SC / Nal d. VP / P / Val
39. The underlined part in “Lydia always mocks my attempt to speak French, but at least I’m
willing to try” can be analyzed as:
a. InfP / C o A / Nal b. Inf / CoA / Nal c. InfP / M / Ajal d. PP / M / Aval
40. The underlined part in “Lydia always mocks my attempt to speak French, but at least I’m
willing to try” can be analyzed as:
a. Inf / P / Val b. InfP / DO / Nal c. Inf / C o N / Nal d. InfP / M / Ajal
41. The underlined part in “Standing next to Ed made Jane taller than she is” can be analyzed as:
a. AP / OC / Nal b. AP / OC / Ajal c. AC / M / Ajal d. AvC / M / Aval
42. The underlined part in “Standing next to Ed made Jane taller than she is” can be analyzed as:
a. GP / S / Nal b. PresPP / S / Nal c. VP / P / Val d. NP / S / Nal
43. The underlined part in “Standing next to Ed made Jane taller than she is” can be analyzed as:
a. PP / M / Ajal b. AvP / M / Ajal c. PP / CoV / Aval d. PP / M / Aval
44. The underlined part in “Standing next to Ed made Jane taller than she is” can be analyzed as:
a. AvC / M / Aval b. AC / M / Ajal c. PP / M / Aval d. AvC / CoA / Nal
45. The underlined part in “I wasn’t happy at school until I found I had the ability to make
people laugh” can be analyzed as:
a. InfP/CoN/Ajal b. InfP / M / Ajal c. InfP / M / Nal d. InfP / C o N / Nal
46. The underlined part in “I wasn’t happy at school until I found I had the ability to make
people laugh” can be analyzed as:
a. NC / DO / Nal b. NP / DO / Nal c. NP / C o V / Nal d. NP / C o V / Ajal
47. The underlined part in “I wasn’t happy at school until I found I had the ability to make
people laugh” can be analyzed as:
a. PP / M / Ajal b. PP / M / Aval c. NP / C o A / Nal d. NP / C o N / Nal
48. The underlined part in “I wasn’t happy at school until I found I had the ability to make
people laugh” can be analyzed as:
a. VP / P / Val b. NP / M / Ajal c. NC / DO / Nal d. VP / M / Ajal
49. The underlined part in “According to the manufacturer’s guarantee, I should return my new
camera to the factory in the event that it has something wrong” can be analyzed as:
a. PP / M / Aval b. PresPP / M / Aval c. GP / M / Nal d. NP / M / Nal
50. The underlined part in “According to the manufacturer’s guarantee, I should return my new
camera to the factory in the event that it has something wrong” can be analyzed as:
a. Post-det / M / Ajal b. N / M / Ajal c. Det / M / Ajal d. NP / M / Ajal