Computer

& Devices
Let’s start!

Presented by Chandra Julia E. Gando

Topics
1 The Components of Computer
Input Devices
Output Devices
System Unit
Storage Devices
Communication System

2 Computer and Devices

3 Network of Internet
 THE COMPONENTS OF A
COMPUTER
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known
as hardware. These components include input devices, output devices, system
unit, storage devices, and communications devices:

Storage Devices Communication

Input Devices Output Devices System Unit System
Input devices
An input device is any hardware component
that allows you to enter data and instructions
into a computer. They enable users to
interact with the computer and provide the
necessary information for processing.

Six widely used input devices are the

keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner,
digital camera, and PC video camera.
 Keyboard Mouse
A computer keyboard contains keys you A mouse is a small handheld device. With
press to enter data into the computer. the mouse, you control movement of a
small symbol on the screen, called the
pointer, and you make selections from
the screen.
 Microphone Scanner
A microphone allows a user to speak into A scanner converts printed material (such
the computer. as text and pictures) into a form the
computer can use.
 Digital Camera Pc Video Camera
With a digital camera, you take pictures A PC video camera is a digital video
and then transfer the photographed camera that allows users to create a
images to the computer or printer movie or take still photographs
instead of storing the images on electronically
traditional film
OUtput devices
Output devices are hardware components
that take processed data from a computer
and present it in a form understandable to
users.

Four commonly used output devices are

printer, monitor, speaker, and a portable
media player.
 Monitor
Also known as screens, monitors display
Printer
Printers produce hard copies of digital
visual output from the computer, documents and images. The types of printers
including text, graphics, and videos. include:
Inkjet Printers: Use liquid inks to create images.
They come in various types like CRT Laser Printers: Use a laser beam to produce high-
(cathode-ray tube), LCD (liquid crystal quality text and graphics on paper.
display), LED (light-emitting diode), and Dot Matrix Printers: Use a matrix of dots to form
characters and images, commonly used for printing
OLED (organic light-emitting diode).
multipart forms.
 Speaker Headphone
Speakers output audio signals from the Provide a private listening experience by
computer, allowing users to hear music, outputting audio directly to the user’s
sounds, or voice. They can be integrated ears, useful for personal use and for
into the computer or external, with situations where external speakers would
varying levels of quality and configuration. be impractical.
 Projector Plotters
Projectors cast visual output onto a large Used for producing high-quality graphics
screen or surface, making them ideal for and large-format prints, such as technical
presentations and multimedia displays. drawings and blueprints. They operate by
moving a pen or other writing instrument
across the paper.
System UniT
The system unit is a case that contains
electronic components of the computer that
are used to process data.

The circuitry of the system unit usually is part

of or is connected to a circuit board called
the motherboard.

Two main components on the motherboard

are the processor and memory
 IPOS
Input Process Output

Storage

Primary Secondary
Storage Storage
 Central Processing Unit mOTHERBOARD
(CPU) The motherboard is the main circuit
Often referred to as the brain of the
board of the computer. It connects and
computer, the CPU performs most of the
allows communication between the CPU,
processing tasks. It executes instructions
memory, storage devices, and other
from programs and manages the
peripherals. It also contains the
operations of other hardware
computer’s BIOS/UEFI firmware, which
components.
helps manage hardware settings.
 rANDOM aCCESS MEMORY stORAGE dRIVES
(ram) These include Hard Disk Drives (HDDs)
RAM is the computer’s short-term
or Solid State Drives (SSDs) used for
memory that stores data and instructions
long-term data storage. They hold the
that are actively being used or
operating system, software applications,
processed. It allows for quick access and
and user files
retrieval of information, enhancing the
computer's performance.
 Power SUpply Unit Expansion Cards
(PSU) These include graphics cards (for
The PSU converts electrical power from
rendering images and videos), sound
an outlet into a form that the computer’s
cards (for audio processing), and network
components can use. It supplies power
cards (for network connectivity). They are
to the motherboard, CPU, storage drives,
installed in expansion slots on the
and other internal components.
motherboard to enhance the computer’s
capabilities.
 Cooling System Optical Drives
This includes fans and heat sinks that While less common in modern systems,
help dissipate heat generated by the optical drives (such as CD/DVD/Blu-ray
CPU, GPU, and other components to drives) allow for the reading and writing
prevent overheating and maintain optimal of optical media.
performance
 Internal Cables and Case/Enclosure
Connectors The physical box that houses and
These include various cables and
connectors that link components such as protects all these components. It also
the motherboard, storage drives, and provides space for airflow and cooling
power supply, ensuring proper electrical and often includes ports for connecting
and data connections. external devices.
Storage Devices
Storage holds data, instructions, and
information for future use. For example,
computers can store hundreds or millions of
customer names and addresses. Storage
holds these items permanently.

A storage device records (writes) and/or

retrieves (reads) items to and from storage
media. Storage devices often function as a
source of input because they transfer items
from storage to memory.
 USB flash drive Hard disk
A USB flash drive is a portable storage A hard disk provides much greater
device that is small and lightweight storage capacity than a USB flash drive.
enough to be transported on a keychain The average hard disk can hold more than
or in a pocket. The average USB flash 250 billion characters. Hard disks are
drive can hold about 500 million enclosed in an airtight, sealed case.
characters. Although some are portable, most are
housed inside the system unit.
Compact Disc
A compact disc is a flat, round, portable metal disc with
plastic coating.

Type of Compact Disc:

1. CD-ROM: Can hold from 650 million to 1 billion
characters. You can access a CD-ROM using most
CD and DVD drives.
2. DVD-ROM: Has enough storage capacity to store
two full-length movies or 17 billion characters. To
access a DVD-ROM, you need a DVD drive
Communication
System
A communications device is a hardware
component that enables a computer to send
(transmit) and receive data, instructions, and
information to and from one or more
computers. A widely used communications
device is a modem
 Telephones Satellite Communciation Mobile Communciation Devices Computers and Tablets
Devices

Smart Home Devices Networking Devices Television and Radio Video Conferencing Equipment
Transmitter
Categories of computer
 Number of simultaneously
category Physical Size connected user General Price Range

Personal Computer Desktops Fits on desk Usually One (can be more if network) Several hundred to several thousand dollars

Mobile Computers and Mobile Fits on your lap or in your hand Usually One Less than a hundred dollars to several thousand
Devices dollars

Game Consoles Small box or handheld device One to Several Several hundred dollars or less

Servers Small cabinet Two to Thousands Several hundred to a million dollars

Mainframes Partial room to a full room of equipment Hundreds to Thousands $300,000 to a several million dollars

Supercomputers Full room of equipment Hundreds to Thousands $500,000 to several billion dollars

embedded computers Miniature Usually One Embedded in the price of the price
 NETWORKS AND THE
INTERNET
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected
together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission
media. When a computer connects to a network, it is online. Networks
allow computers to share resources, such as hardware, software, data,
and information. Sharing resources saves time and money.

The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects

millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions,
and individuals.
 Internet
Web Web page Web Site
Short for World Wide Web, is Can contain text, graphics, Is a collection of related Web
one of the more popular audio, and video. pages
services on the Internet.
Web pages often have built-in
The Web contains billions of connections, or links, to other
documents called Web pages documents, graphics, other
Web pages, or Web sites
Thank
you!