Chapter : Real Numbers

Sr. No Topic Formula

p*q*r *HCF(p, q, r)
1. LCM (p, q, r)
HCF (p, q)*HCF (q, r)*HCF (p, r)

p*q* r * LCM(p, q, r)
2. HCF (p,q,r)
LCM(p, q)*LCM (q, r)*LCM (p, r)

Chapter : Polynomials
Sr. No Topic Formula

-b 2(Coefficient of x)
Relation between
³+´ = a = Coefficient of x 2

zeroes and coefficients

1.
of quadratic
polynomial ³´ = c
= (Coefficient of x)
a Coefficient of x2

-b 2(Coefficient of x)
³+´+µ=
2

=
a Coefficient of x 3

Relation between
c (Coefficient of x)
2. zeroes and coefficients ³´ + ´µ + µ³ = =
a Coefficient of x
of cubic polynomial
-d -(Constant)
³´µ = a
= Coefficient of x 3

Forming Quadratic
Quadratic: x - (sum of roots)x + product of roots
2

3. and cubic polynomial

Cubic: x³ 3 (³ + ´ + c)x² + (³´+ ´c + c³)x 3
by roots (³´c) = 0
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Chapter : Pair of linear
equations in two variables
Sr.
Topic Formula
No

Algebric
Algebric Graphical Consistent or
interpretatio
condition interpretation Inconsistent
Graphical n
Method and
Algebraic Exactly one
Method to a1 b1
1. Intersecting or unique Consistent
Solve a2 b2
solution
a Pair of
a1 b1 c1 Infinite
Linear Coincident Consistent
a2 b2 c2
Equations Soolutions
a1 b1 c1
No
a2 b2 c2 Parallel Inconsistent
SOlution

Chapter : Quadratic equation

Sr. No Topic Formula

Quadratic Equation &

1.
Quadratic Formula

2. Discriminant

D > 0 : 2 distinct real roots

D = 0 : 2 equal roots
3. Roots by Discriminant
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Chapter : Arithmetic
progression
Sr. No Topic Formula

a + (n-1) d & l - (n-1) d where, a

nth term from first
is the first and l is the last term
1. and last term an
and d is the common difference
A.P.
in an A.P.

Sum of first n
2.
terms

If a, b, c are in AP, then b =

3. Arithmetic Mean (a + c)/2 is called the arithmetic
mean of a and c.

Chapter : Coordinate geometry

Sr. No Topic Formula

Distance formula
1. and section
formula

2. Mid-point
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 3. Centroid (X,Y) = X1 + X2 + X3 Y1 + Y2 + Y3
3 3

Chapter : Coordinate geometry

Sr. No Topic Formula

Where b = base
1. Area of a triangle
h = height

Where a,b & c

perimeter of a
2. are sides of the
triangle
triangle abc

Semi-perimeter of a
3.
triangle
Where a,b & c are sides of the triangle
abc

4. Heron9s formula

a = perpendicular
Pythagorean
5. b = base
theorem
c = hypoteneuse

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Chapter : Trigonometry
Sr. No Topic Formula

Function Value

SinA P/H

CosA B/H
Basic Trigonometry
1. TanA P/B
Formulas

CotA B/P

SecA H/P

CosecA H/B

2. Trigonometry Table

TanA = SinA/CosA CosecA = 1/SinA

3. Reciprocal Relation
CotA = CosA/SinA SecA = 1/CosA

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 sin (2») = 2 sin »
cos (2») = cos »
Trigonometry Sign tan (2») = 2 tan »
4.
Functions cosec (2») = 2 cosec »
sec (2») = sec »
cot (2») = 2 cot »

sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
Trigonometry
5. tan2 A + 1 = sec 2A
Identities
cot2 A + 1 = cosec 2A

Chapter : Circles
Sr. No Topic Formula

1. Circumference of circle 2Ãr

2. Area of circle à r2

Arc length of sector of

3. circle with radius r and (»/360) x 2 Ã r
angle ».

The area of sector of a

4. circle with radius 8r9 and (»/360) x à r 2
» angle

Area of segment of a Area of the sector - Area of the

5.
circle triangle
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Chapter : Surface area, volume

Chapter : Statistics
Sr. No Topic Formula
f1: frequency
xi: mid-point
a: assumed mean
h: class size

Mean of a
1.
grouped Data

l: lowerlimit.
f1: firstfrequency
Mode of a f0: upper frequency of first
2. frequency.
grouped data f2: second frequency.
572 / 725 H: difference between class
interval.
 l: Lower limit of Median class
N: Total frequency
Median of a f0: Frequancy of class preceding
3.
grouped data the median class
f1: Frequency of median class
h: Width of median class

Mean, Mode and

4. 3 Median - 2 Mean = 1 Mode
Median relation

Median for
5.
ungrouped data

Chapter : Probability
Sr. No Topic Formula

Number of favourable
1. Probability
outcomes/Number of possible outcomes

Probability of
2.
tossing of a coin

First Dice
Second Dice

Probability of
3.
double dice

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 Spades(13) Hearts(13) Clubs(13) Diamonds(13)

Probability of Number Cards

4. (2-10)
cards

Face Cards
J,Q,K,A

(Total = 52 Cards)

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 Practice Questions
Class 3 X Session -2021-22
TERM 1
Subject- Mathematics (Standard) 041

1. Savita has a lamp placed at the centre of her square yard, each side measuring 20 m. The
light of lamp covers a circle of radius 10 m on yard. What area of the yard is NOT lit by the
lamp?

A. 400Ã sq. m
B. 100Ã sq. m
C. (40 - 10Ã) sq. m
D. (400 - 100Ã) sq. m

2. In the — ABC shown below, "X : "Y = 1:2.

What is tan x?

1
A.
:3

B. 1

:3
C.
2

D. :3

3. Which of the following numbers can be written as a non-terminating but recurring decimal?

A. 9
43
B.
8
C. :6
5
D.
12

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4. In the figure given below, O is the centre of the circle. PR and RQ are chords of the circle.
The radius of the circle is 5 cm. PR = 8 cm, QR = 6 cm and "PRQ = 90°.

What is the approximate area of the shaded region?

25
A. ( 4 Ã 2 24 ) cm2
25
B. ( 2 Ã 2 24 ) cm2
25
C. ( 4 Ã) cm2
25
D. ( 2 Ã) cm2

5. Shown below are the graphs of the lines �㗆 2 2�㗆 = 0, �㗆 + �㗆 = 6 and �㗅�㗆 + �㗅�㗆 = �㗅.

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 Which of these is the solution for the pair of equations �㗆 + �㗆 = 6 and �㗅�㗆 + �㗅�㗆 = �㗅.

A. x = 2, y = 4
B. x = 4, y = 2
C. x = 3, y = 2
D. (We cannot say for sure as the values of p and q are not known.)

6. A vessel having 30 m3 of water is emptied through two openings, one small and the other
large. Water flows out through the smaller opening at the rate of U m3/h and through the
larger one at the rate of V m3/h. Given that 3U + 2V = 70 and that the vessel gets fully
emptied in 1 hour, what is V?

A. 10 m3/h
B. 20 m3/h
C. 30 m3/h
D. 50 m3/h

7. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. If 27 is subtracted from the number, its
digits are interchanged. Which of these is the product of the digits of the number?

A. 8
B. 14
C. 18
D. 20

8. For the given pair of equations, two statements are given below - one labelled Assertion (A)
and the other labelled Reason (R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option that
correctly describes statements (A) and (R).
2
+ 5�㗆 = 15
�㗆
3
+ 6�㗆 = 7
�㗆

Assertion (A): The given pair of equations can be reduced to a pair of linear equations in two
variables.

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 1
Reason (R): In the given equations, y can be substituted by .
�㗅

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of the (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A).
C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false but (R) is true.

9. How many zero(es) does (x - 2) (x + 3) have?

A. zero
B. one
C. two
D. three

1
10. =
tan » + cot »

A. cos » sin »
B. sec » sin »
C. tan » cot »
D. sec » cosec »

11. In the figure below, PQR is a right-angled triangle, right angled at P. A perpendicular line PS
is drawn from P to QR. PR = 5 cm and PQ = 12 cm.

What is RS:SQ?

A. 5:12
B. 13:17
C. 13:60
D. 25:144

579 / 725
12. In the following figure, Q is a point on PR and S is a point on TR. QS is drawn and "RPT =
"RQS.

Which of these criteria can be used to prove that —RSQ is similar to —RTP?

A. AAA similarity criterion

B. SAS similarity criterion
C. SSS similarity criterion
D. RHS similarity criterion

13. Which of these is a RATIONAL number?

A. 3Ã
B. 5:5
C. 0.3466666...
D. 0.345210651372849...

14. Shown below are three triangles. The measures of two adjacent sides and included angle are
given for each triangle.

Which of these triangles are similar?

A. —RPQ and —XZY

B. —RPQ and —MNL
C. —XZY and —MNL
D. —RPQ, —XZY and —MNL are similar to one another

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15. In the figure below, what is the length of AB?

A. 45:3 m
45
B. m
:3
C. 45 (:3 - 1) m
D. 45 (:3 + 1) m

1 23
16. Which of these is the polynomial whose zeroes are and ( )?
3 4
A. 12�㗆 2 + 5�㗆 2 3
B. 12�㗆 2 2 5�㗆 2 3
C. 12�㗆 2 + 13�㗆 + 3
D. 12�㗆 2 2 13�㗆 2 3

17. Which of these numbers can be expressed as a product of two or more prime numbers?
i) 15
ii) 34568
iii) (15 × 13)

A. only (ii)
B. only (iii)
C. only (i) and (ii)
D. all - (i), (ii) and (iii)

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18. Romy is blindfolded and asked to pick one ball from each of the jars.

The chance of Romy picking a red ball is same in

A. jars 2 and 3
B. jars 1 and 3
C. jars 1 and 2
D. all the three jars

19. 1245 is a factor of the numbers p and q.

Which of the following will ALWAYS have 1245 as a factor?

(i) p + q
(ii) p × q
(iii) p ÷ q

A. only (ii)
B. only (i) and (ii)
C. only (ii) and (iii)
D. all - (i), (ii) and (iii)

20. Look at the numbers shown below.

Which of the above numbers represent probabilities of events?

A. only (i) and (iii)

B. only (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

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C. only (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
D. only (ii), (iii), (iv) and (vi)

21. A fire engine, standing near a building, extends its ladder to a length of 10 metres to reach a
certain window in the building.

What is the height of the window from the ground?

A. 6m
B. 8m
C. 9m
D. 11 m

22. Two statements are given below - one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option that correctly describes statements
(A) and (R).

Assertion (A): 9 x + 12 y - 7 = 0 and 6 x + 8 y - 14 = 0 form a consistent pair of linear

equations.

Reason (R): A pair of linear equations, px + qy + r = 0 and fx + gy + h = 0, has no solution if

�㗅 �㗅 �㗅
= b .
�㗅 �㗅 /

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A).
C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false but (R) is true.

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23. Two identical fair dice have numbers 1 to 6 written on their faces. Both are tossed
simultaneously. What is the probability that the product of the numbers that turn up is 12?

1
A.
36
1
B.
9
1
C.
6
1
D.
3

24. How many zero(es) does the polynomial 293�㗆 2 2 293�㗆 have?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

�㗅
25. What is the value of �㗅 if + 3q = 6 and 2�㗅 2 2�㗅 = 10?
2

A. 1
B. 4
C. 6
D. 16

26. What is the value of k such that the following pair of equations have infinitely many
solutions?
x - 2 y = 3,
-3 x + k y = -9

A. (-6)

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B. (-3)
C. 3
D. 6

27. In the figure below RT = 1 cm and OQ = 3 cm.

What is the area of the shaded region?

A. (12.5Ã 3 12) cm2

B. (6.25Ã 3 12) cm2
C. (12.5Ã 3 15) cm2
D. (6.25Ã 3 15) cm2

28. Shown below is a board divided into 6 identical sectors, with a pointer that can be spun on
it.

When the pointer is spun, it spins for some time and comes to a stop on a sector. The
chances of it stopping on any sector are equal. Arif wants to colour some sectors green. How

585 / 725
 many sectors should he colour green so that the probability of the pointer stopping on a
green sector is 1/3?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

29. In the figure below, the square JKLM is inscribed within a circle and —JMN is a right-angled
isosceles triangle. The point marked O is the centre of the circle.

What is the area of the shaded part of the figure?

�㗰 1
A. ( 4 2 2) cm2
1
B. (�㗰 2 2) cm2
�㗰
C. (1 2 4 ) cm2
D. (1 2 �㗰) cm2

30. ³ is an acute angle.

(sin ³ + cos ³) is

A. greater than 1.
B. less than 1.
C. equal to 1.
D. (We cannot say any of these as it depends on the value of ³.)

�㗃�㗃
31. In the figure below, DE || AC and DF || AE. Which of these is equal to ?
�㗃�㗃

586 / 725
 �㗃�㗃
A.
�㗃�㗃
�㗃�㗃
B.
�㗃�㗃
�㗃�㗃
C.
�㗃�㗃
�㗃�㗃
D.
�㗃�㗃

32. x -axis divides the join of (2, -3) and (5, 6) in the ratio _________.

A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 2:5
D. 5:2

33. A number of the form 8�㗅 , where n is a natural number greater than 1, cannot be divisible
by __________.
A. 1
B. 40
C. 64
D. 22�㗅
7
34. The fraction has a terminating decimal expansion.
�㗅

Which of these CANNOT be q?

A. 8×2
B. 8×3
C. 8×4
D. 8×5

35. In the triangle PQR below,

- S and T are 2 points on the sides RP and RQ respectively such that ST is parallel to PQ.

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 - The ratio of RT to TQ is 1:2.

The area of —RST = 100 sq. units.

What is the area of PQTS?

A. 200 sq. units

B. 300 sq. units
C. 600 sq. units
D. 800 sq. units

36. In the following figure, ST || QR, point S divides PQ in the ratio 4:5. If ST = 1.6 cm, what is
the length of QR?

A. 0.71 cm
B. 2 cm
C. 3.6 cm
D. (cannot be calculated from the given data.)

37. P and Q are two positive integers such that P = �㗅3 �㗅 and Q = (�㗅�㗅)2 , where p and q are prime
numbers.

What is LCM(P, Q)?

A. �㗅�㗅
B. �㗅2 �㗅 2
C. �㗅3 �㗅 2

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D. �㗅5 �㗅 3

3
38. Given that cos2 » 2 sin2 » = .
4

What is the value of cos »?

:3
A.
2
1
B.
2

:7
C.
2

:7
D.
:8

39. �㗅 and �㗅 are the zeroes of the polynomial 4�㗆 2 2 4�㗆 + 1.

1 1
What is the value of �㗅
+ �㗅
+ �㗅�㗅?

215
A.
4
23
B.
4
5
C.
4
17
D.
4

40. Which of the following will have the MAXIMUM number of 6's when written in decimal
form?

666
A.
1000

3
B.
6

3
C.
5

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 2
D.
3

Look at the information given below and answer the questions that follow.

Shown below is the top view of a stadium. There is a badminton court at the centre. The stadium is
surrounded by a jogging track. The track is semi-circular in shape at the top and the bottom of the
court. The fountains converge at the centre of the respective semicircles. The jogging track has a
uniform width of 2 m.

41. What is the area of the jogging track?

A. 160 m2
B. 172.56 m2
C. 238.64 m2
D. 398.64 m2

42. What is the area occupied by the fountain shown below the court in the figure?
A. 63.59 m2
B. 127.17 m2
C. 157 m2
D. 282.6 m2

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43. The cost of gardening is Rs 300/m2 and the area of the fountain next to the flower bed is 150
m2.
What is the cost of gardening the flower bed?
A. Rs 39780
B. Rs 45000
C. Rs 59664
D. Rs 84780

44. If the rate of fencing is Rs 150/m, what is the cost of fencing the flower bed ONLY on the
curved portion of its boundary?
A. Rs 2355
B. Rs 4710
C. Rs 5233
D. Rs 10110

45. What is the length of the boundary of the stadium?

A. 62.8 m
B. 125.6 m
C. 160 m
D. 205.6 m

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Study the given information and answer the questions that follow.

Shown below is a town plan on a coordinate grid, where 1 unit = 1 km. Consider the co-ordinates of
each building to be the point of intersection of the respective grid lines.

(Note: Consider the horizontal axis as the x-axis and the vertical axis as the y-axis.)

46. Which of the following pairs of houses has the same abscissa (or x-coordinate)?
A. House 5 and House 6
B. House 5 and House 7
C. House 5 and House 8
D. House 5 and House 1

47. What is the distance between the school and House 1 along the path shown?
A. :13 km
B. :97 km
C. 13 km
D. 97 km

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48. A well is dug at a point along the path joining the pond and the hospital. The ratio of the
distance between the pond and the well to that of the well and the hospital is 4:1
respectively.

What is the x-coordinate of the well?

A. 3.4
B. 4.25
C. 4.6
D. 5.75

49. What is the ratio in which House 1 divides the path joining House 3 and the Police station?
A. 1:2:2
B. 1::2
C. 1:3
D. 1:2

50. Which of the following pair of buildings are separated by the same distance as that of School
and Police station?
A. Pond and House 8
B. School and House 1
C. Water tank and House 3
D. Fire station and House 3

x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x

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Answer key and student performance data.

The following table shows the key answer and the percentage of class 10 students who answered
each question correctly, wherever the responses are available.

Sl.no Key answer Performance (in %) Sl.no Key answer Performance (in %)
1 D 82.7 26 D 55.5
2 A 70.4 27 B 36.9
3 D 50.2 28 B 78.3
4 B 69.3 29 C 35.8
5 B 55.5 30 A 33.9
6 B 53.4 31 B 56.8
7 C 65.1 32 A 42.7
8 B NA 33 B 39.8
9 C 77.4 34 B 58.8
10 A 57.9 35 D 23.7
11 D NA 36 C 40.3
12 A 54.4 37 C 69.3
13 C 41.2 38 D 27.3
14 A 50.9 39 D 41.1
15 C 55.1 40 D 80.4
16 A 53.3 41 D NA
17 D 61.3 42 B NA
18 C 61.9 43 A NA
19 B 23.1 44 B NA
20 D 57.0 45 D NA
21 D 47.2 46 B NA
22 D NA 47 A NA
23 B 50.9 48 C NA
24 C 62.1 49 D NA
25 A 51.8 50 C NA

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 Chapter 1
Q1. Two positive integers a and b can be written as a = x³y² and
b = xy³. x and y are prime numbers then LCM (a, b).

Solution
Given: a = x³y² and b = xy³ where a and b are positive integers and x and
y are prime numbers.
a = x³y²
=> a = x * x * x *y * y
and b = xy³
=> b = x * y * y * y
So, the LCM of a and b will be x³y³ .

Q2. An army contingent of 612 members is to march behind an army

band of 48 members in a parade. The two groups are to march in
the same number of columns. What is the maximum number of
columns in which they can march?

Solution

Let the number of columns be x which is the largest number, which

should divide both 612 and 48.
It means x should be HCF of 612 and 48.
So, We can write 612 and 48 as follows

612 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 17
48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
HCF(16, 48) = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12

Thus HCF of 612 and 48 is 12 i.e., 12 columns are required.

Here we have solved using Euclid9s algorithm but you can solve this
problem by simple method of HCF.

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www.padhleakshay.com
Q3.Find the quadratic polynomial if its zeroes are 0, :5.

Solution

A quadratic polynomial can be written using the sum and product of

its zeroes as:

x² 3 (³ + ´)x + ³´

Where ³ and ´ are the roots of the polynomial.

Here, ³ = 0 and ´ = :5

So, the polynomial will be:

x² 3 (0 + :5)x + 0(:5)

= x² 3 :5x

Q4. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3 and their LCM is 180. What is
the HCF of these numbers?

Solution
Given that, two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3
Let assume that two numbers be 2x and 3x.
LCM=2*2*x=6x
6x=180
x=30
Further given that, So, Numbers are 2 × 30 = 60 and 3 × 30 = 90
Now, We have to find HCF of the two numbers.
LCM x HCF = ab
180x = 60 x 90
x = 5400/180 = 30.

Hence, HCF of two numbers is 30.

/ PadhleAkshay
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Q5. Show that reciprocal of 3 + 2 :2 is an irrational number.
Solution

First of all, rationalise the denominator of the reciprocal of 3 + 2:2.

3+2:2
(1 / 3 + 2:2) × (3 - 2:2 / 3 -2:2)
3 - 2:2 / (3) - (2:2)
3 - 2:2 / 9 - 8
3 - 2:2

After rationalising its denominator, we get ( 3 - 2:2 ) as a result.

Now, let us assume that ( 3 - 2:2 ) is an irrational number. So, taking
a rational number i.e., 3 and subtracting from it.
We have ;
[ 3 - 2:2 - 3 ]
- 2:2
As a result, we get ( - 2:2 ) which is an irrational number.
Hence, the reciprocal of ( 3 + 2:2) is an irrational number

Q6. 3 bells all set at one time 9:00 am, one rings every 10 mins one
rings every 15 mins, one rings every 25 mins. At what time they will
ring together again.
Solution
LCM of 10, 15, 25 mins = 150 mins

This means 2 Hours and 30 mins

So, All the bells will ring at 11: 30 am

Q7. Two positive numbers have their HCF as 12 and their product as
6336. The number of pairs possible for the numbers, is

Solution
Given, HCF = 12
Let two numbers be 12a and 12b

/ padhle.akshay
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So, 12a × 12b = 6336
=> ab = 44
We can write 44 as product of two numbers in these ways:
ab= 1 x 44
= 2 x 22
=4 x 11

Here, we will take a = 1 and b = 44; a = 4 and b = 11.

We do not take ab = 2 × 22
(because 2 and 22 are not co-prime to each other.)

For a = 1 and b = 44,

1st no. = 12a = 12,
2nd no. = 12b = 528

For a = 4 and b = 11,

1st no. = 12a = 48,
2nd no. = 12b = 132
Hence, we get two pairs of numbers, (12, 528) and (48, 132).

n n
Q8. Check whether 4 and 6 can end with the digit 0 for any natural
number n.
Solution
If the number end with the digit zero,
then it would be divisible by 5.
That is, the prime factorization should contain the prime 5.
This is not possible , so the only prime factorization is 2.
So, there is no natural number n for which the number ends with the
digit zero.

If the number 6 n, for any n, were to end with the digit zero, then it
would be divisible by 5. That is, the prime factorization of 6 will
contain the prime number 5. This is not possible because Prime
factorization of 6 does not contain 5 as a factor.
6n= (2 * 3)n= 2n* 3n
So, there is no natural number(n) for which 6 ends with the digit zero.

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 Chapter 2
Q9. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are reciprocals of
the zeroes of the polynomials
f(x) = ax² + bx + c, a 0, c 0.

Solution

Let ³ and ´ be zero of the polynomial f(x)=ax + bx + c, a 0, c 0.

,³+´ = 2b/a
Also, ³´ = c/a
1/³ + 1/´
=³ + ´ / ³´
= 2b / a × a / c
= 2b / c

And, 1 / ³ × 1 / ´
= 1 / ³´
=a / c
A quadratic polynomial whose zeros are 1/³ and 1/´ is x 3(1/³ + 1/´)x
+1/³ ç 1/´.
Thus, polynomial is x +(b/c)x + a/c.

Q10. Compute the zeroes of the polynomial 4x2 3 4x 3 8. Also,

establish a relationship between the zeroes and coefficients.
Solution
Let the given polynomial be p(x) = 4x2 3 4x 3 8
To find the zeroes, take p(x) = 0
Now, factorise the equation 4x2 3 4x 3 8 = 0
4x² 3 4x 3 8 = 0
4(x² 3 x 3 2) = 0
x² 3 x 3 2 = 0
x² 3 2x + x 3 2 = 0
x(x 3 2) + 1(x 3 2) = 0
(x 3 2)(x + 1) = 0
x = 2, x = -1 So, the roots of 4x² 3 4x 3 8 are -1 and 2.
Relation between the sum of zeroes and coefficients:
-1 + 2 = 1 = -(-4)/4
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Relation between the product of zeroes and coefficients:
(-1) × 2 = -2 = -8/4

Q11. If ³ and ´ are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = 2x² + 5x + k

satisfying the relation, ³² + ´² + ³´ = 21/4 , find the value of k
Solution
To find the value of k for the polynomial f(x)=2x +5x+k given that the
zeros ³ and ´ satisfy the relation ³ +´ +³´=214, we can follow these
steps:
The polynomial is given as: f(x)=2x +5x+k
Here, we can identify:
a=2
b=5
c=k

According to Vieta's formulas for a quadratic polynomial:

The sum of the roots ³+´= 2ba = 25
The product of the roots ³´ = ca = k

We square the sum of the roots:

(³+´) =(25/2)² =25/4
Using the identity (³+´) =³ +´ +2³´, we can express ³ +´ :
³ +´ =(³+´) 22³´=25/422³´
we know ³´=k .
Therefore:
³² +´² =25/422(k/2)=25/42k

We know from the problem statement that:

³² +´² +³´=21/4
Substituting ³² +´² into this equation gives:
(25/42k)+k/2 =21/4
To simplify:
25/42k+k/2 =21/4
To eliminate the fractions, multiply the entire equation by 4:
2524k+2k=21
This simplifies to:
2522k=21
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Rearranging gives:
22k=21225
22k=24
k=2
Conclusion
Thus, the value of k is: 2

Q12 Find the zeroes of the polynomials 3x² + 4x 3 4 by factorisation

method.
Solution
The quadratic expression is in the form ax +bx+c, where:
a=3
b=24
c=24
We need to calculate the product of a and c:
ac=3×(24)=212
We need to find two numbers that multiply to 212 (the value of ac) and add
to 24 (the value of b).
The two numbers that satisfy this condition are 26 and 2:
26×2=212 and 26+2=24

We can rewrite the quadratic expression by splitting the middle term using
the two numbers found:
3x² 26x+2x24
Now, we will group the terms:
(3x² 26x)+(2x24)

From the first group 3x² 26x, we can factor out 3x: 3x(x22)
From the second group 2x24, we can factor out 2: 2(x22)
Now we can combine the factored groups: 3x(x22)+2(x22)
We can factor out the common binomial (x22): (x22)(3x+2)

Thus, the factorised form of the expression 3x² 24x24 is: (x22)(3x+2)

The zeroes of the given polynomial is 2 and -3/2

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Q13. Find the quadratic polynomial, sum and product of whose
zeroes are 31 and 320 respectively. Also find the zeroes of the
polynomial so obtained.

Solution

Given:
Sum of zeroes (³ + ´) = -1
Product of zeroes (³ * ´) = -20

The standard form of a quadratic polynomial can be expressed as:

P(x)=x 2(³+´)x+(³7´)

Substituting the values of the sum and product of zeroes into the
polynomial:
P(x)=x 2(21)x+(220)
P(x)=x +x220

Now, we will factor the polynomial P(x)=x +x220.

To factor, we need two numbers that multiply to -20 (the product) and
add to +1 (the sum). The numbers that meet these criteria are +5 and -4.
So, we can rewrite the polynomial as:
P(x)=(x+5)(x24)

To find the zeroes, we set the polynomial equal to zero:

(x+5)(x24)=0
Setting each factor to zero gives us:
1. x+5=0 x=25
2. x24=0 x=4

The quadratic polynomial is:

P(x)=x +x220

The zeroes of the polynomial are:

- x=25
- x=4

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Q14. If one zero of f(x)=4x² 28kx+8x29 is negative of the other, find
zeroes of kx² + 3 kx + 2
Solution
The polynomial is given as:
f(x)=4x²28kx+8x29
We can combine the terms involving x:
f(x)=4x² +(28k+8)x29

For a quadratic polynomial ax +bx+c, the sum of the roots ³+(2³)=0

can be expressed as: Sum of roots=2b/a Here, a=4 and b=28k+8.
Therefore: 0=2 (28k+8)/4
This simplifies to:
0 = (8k28)/4 Multiplying both sides by 4 gives: 0=8k28 8k=8 ÿ k=1

Now that we have k=1, we substitute it into the polynomial kx²+3kx+2:

f(x)=1x² +3(1)x+2=x² +3x+2

we need to factor x² +3x+2:

x² +3x+2 =(x+1)(x+2)

Setting the factored form equal to zero gives us:

(x+1)(x+2)=0
Thus, the zeros are:
x+1=0
ÿx=21
x+2=0
ÿx=22
The zeros of the polynomial kx +3kx+2 are 21 and 22.

Chapter 3
Q15. Solve the pair of equations:
2/ x + 3/ y = 13
5/ x - 4/ y = -2
Solution
Let write the given pair of equations as

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2(1 /x) + 3(1/ y) = 13 be equation(1)
5(1/x) - 4(1/ y) = - 2 be equation (2)

These equations are in form of ax + by + c = 0.

However, p = 1/ x and q = 1/y.

Substitute the values of p and q to get

1/ x = 2, i.e. x = 1/2 and 1/y = 3 i.e. y = 1/3

the value of x = ½; y = s
.
Q16. On comparing the ratios a¡/a¢ , b¡/b¢ , c¡/c¢ . find out whether
the following pair of linear equations are consistent, or
inconsistent
(i) 3x + 2y = 5; 2x 3 3y = 7
(ii) 2x 3 3y = 8; 4x 3 6y = 9
Solution
a¡x + b¡y + c¡ = 0
a¢x + b¢y + c¢ = 0
Consistent means pair of linear equations will have an unique
solution or infinitely many solutions.

a¡/a¢ b¡/b¢ (Intersecting lines / unique Solution)

a¡/a¢ = b¡/b¢ = c¡/c¢ (Coincident Lines / Infinitely many Solutions)
a¡/a¢ = b¡/b¢ c¡/c¢ (Parallel lines / No Solution)

(i) 3x + 2y = 5; 2x - 3y = 7
a¡/a¢ = 3/2
b¡/b¢ = 2/(-3)
c¡/c¢ = - 5/(-7) = 5/7

From the above,

a¡/a¢ b¡/b¢

Therefore, lines are intersecting and have a unique solution,

Hence, the pair of equations is consistent.

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(ii) 2x - 3y = 8; 4x - 6y = 9

a¡/a¢ = 2/4 = 1/2

b¡/b¢ = -3/(-6) = 1/2
c¡/c¢= -8/(-9) = 8/9

From the above,

a¡/a¢ = b¡/b¢ c¡/c¢

Therefore, these lines are parallel and have no solution,

Hence, the pair of equations is inconsistent.

Q17. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x 3 y = 19 then find the value of 5y 3 2x and

(y/x) - 2 .

Solution
Given equations are
2x+y=23...(i)
and 4x-y=19...(ii)
On adding both equations, we get
6x=42
x=7
Put the value of x in Eq. (i) , we get
2(7) + y =23
14+y=23
y=23-14
y=9
We have, 5y-2x = 5×9-2×7
=45-14=31
and (y/x)-2
=(4/x)-2
=(9/7)-2
=(9-14)/7
=-5/7
Hence, the values of (5y-2x)and (y/x-2) and 31 and -5/7 respectively.

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Q18. A part of monthly hostel charges in a college hostel are fixed
and the remaining depends on the number of days one has taken
food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 25 days, he has
to pay ¹4,500, whereas a student B who takes food for 30 days, he
has to pay ¹5,200. Find the fixed charges per month and the cost of
the food per day.
Solution
Let the fixed charges be ¹x and the cost of food per day be ¹y.
Then as per the question
x+25y=4500.....i
x+30y=5200.....ii

Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

5y=700
y=700/5
=140
Now, putting y = 140, we have
x+25×140=4500
x=4500-3500=1000
Hence, the fixed charges is ¹1000 and the cost of the food per day is
¹140.

Q19. Determine the value of m and n so that the following pair of

linear equations has infinite number of solutions: (2m-1)x+3y=5;
3x+(n31)y=2.
Solution
the condition for x and y to have infinite solutions will be when we
have:

a¡/a¢ = b¡/b¢ = c¡/c¢

So here we will compare the equation
(2m 21)x + 3y 2 5 = 0 with
a¡x + b¢y2c = 0
and we get:
a¡ =(2m 21)
b¡ =3 and c¡ =5

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Similarly, we will compare equation
3x + (n 2 1)y 2 2 = 0 with
a x + b y2c = 0

and we get:
a =3
b =(n21) and
c =2
Now we have to just apply the condition of the infinite solution and
that is given as follows:

a /a =b /b =c /c
(2m 21)3=3(n 2 1)=52
a /a =b /b =c /c
(2m 21)3 = 3(n 2 1) =52

So here we will first solve the equation

(2m 21) / 3= 5 / 2
to get the value of m. So we have:
(2m 21) / 3 = 5 / 2
(2m 21) = 15 / 2
m = 17 / 4

So this gives the value of

m = 17/4
Next, we will solve the equation
3/(n 2 1)=5/2
to get the value of n. So we will have:
3 / (n 2 1)= 5/2
6 = 5(n 2 1)
11 = 5(n)
n = 11/5

So from this equation we get the value

n=11/5
Finally, the value of
m=17/4
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Q20. In a two digit number, ten9s digit is twice the unit9s digit. The
number formed by interchanging the digits is 36 less than the
original number. Find the number.

Solution

Place 10 1
Digit 2x x

The number is 10×2x+x=21x

If the digits are interchanged

Place 10 1
Digit x 2x

The number is 10×x+2x=12x

According to the question, the relation between the two numbers is:-

12x=21x336
9x=36
x=4
The number = 21×4=84.

Q21.A man9s age is three times the sum of the ages of his two sons.
After 5 years, his age will be twice the sum of his two son9s age.
Find the age of the man.
Solution
Let the age of the man be x and the sum of the ages of his two sons
be y.
According to the question,
x = 3y
x 3 3y = 0 &.(i)
And (x + 5) = 2(y + 5 + 5)
x 3 2y = 15 &.(ii)

Subtracting equation (i) from (ii) we get

Y = 15 and from (i) x = 45.
The present age of the man is 45 years.
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 Chapter 4
Q22. If ³ and ´ are roots of the quadratic equation x² 37x+10=0, find
the quadratic equation whose roots are ³² and ´².

Solution
Identify the roots of the quadratic equation x² - 7x + 10 = 0
using the quadratic formula: x = (-b ± :(b² - 4ac)) / 2a.

Here, a = 1, b = -7, and c = 10.

Calculate the discriminant: b² - 4ac = (-7)² - 4(1)(10) = 49 - 40 = 9.
Calculate the roots ³ and ´: ³ = (7 + :9) / 2 = (7 + 3) / 2 = 5
and ´ = (7 - :9) / 2 = (7 - 3) / 2 = 2.
Now, find the new roots ³² and ´².
Calculate ³² = 5² = 25 and ´² = 2² = 4.
Use the roots ³² and ´² to construct the quadratic equation using the
formula:
x² - (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0.
Calculate the sum and product:
sum = ³² + ´² = 25 + 4 = 29,
product = ³² * ´² = 25 * 4 = 100.
The quadratic equation is: x² - 29x + 100 = 0.

Final Answer: The quadratic equation whose roots are ³² and ´² is x² -

29x + 100 = 0.

Q23. Write all the values of p for which the quadratic equation x² +
px + 16 = 0 has equal roots. Find the roots of the equation so
obtained
Solution

Given equation is px² 22px+6=0.

This is of the form ax²+ bx + c=0, where a=p, b=22p and c=6.
D=(b² 24ac)=4p² 224p.
For equal roots, we have D=0.
4p² 224p=0
4p(p26)=0
p=6. [ p 0]
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Q24. Two taps together can fill a tank in 6 hours. The tap of larger
diameter takes 9 hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank
separately. Find the time in which each tap can fill the tank
separately.

Solution

Let the time taken by the smaller tap to fill the tank = x hours and
time taken by larger tap = x - 9

In 1 hour, the smaller tap will fill 1/x of tank

In 1 hour, the larger tap will fill 1/x29 of tank.
In 1 hour both the tank will fill the tank = 1/x+1/x29
But its given that in 1 hour both the tank will fill 1/6 of the tank

1/6 =1/x +1/x29

1/6=(x29+x)/x(x29)
1/6=(2x29)/(x 29x)
Solving by cross multiplication,
6(2x29)=x² 29x
12x254=x² 29x
x 29x212x+54=0
x 221x+54=0

Factorizing by splitting the middle term,

x 218x23x+54=0
x(x218)23(x218)=0
(x218)(x23)=0
x=18,x=3

If we take x= 18
Smaller tap = (x) = 18 h
Larger tap = (x-9) = 18-9 = 9h

Hence, the time taken by the smaller tap to fill the tank = 18 hrs & the
time taken by the larger tap to fill the tank = 9 h

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Q25. If ³, ´ are zeroes of polynomial p(x)=5x² +5x+1 then find the
value of
(i) ³² + ´²
(ii) ³{¹ + ´{¹

Solution
The given polynomial is
p (x) = 5x² + 5x + 1
Since ³ and ´ are the zeroes of p (x),

³ + ´ = - 5/5
³ + ´ = - 1 ...(1)
and
³´ = 1/5 ...(2)

(i) Now, ³² + ´²
= (³ + ´)² - 2³´
= (- 1)² - 2 (1/5)
= 1 - 2/5 = (5 - 2)/5
= 3/5
(ii) Now, ³^(- 1) + ´^(- 1)
= 1/³ + 1/´
= (´ + ³)/(³´)
= (- 1)/(1/5)
=-5

Q26. The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for
Rs.3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs.1750. Find the cost
of each bat and each ball.

Solution
Let the cost of a bat be x and the cost of a ball be y.
According to the question,

7x + 6y = 3800 &&&&&&. (i)

3x + 5y = 1750 &&&&&&. (ii)

From (i), we get;

y = (3800 3 7x)/6 &&&&&&&& (iii)
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Substituting (iii) in (ii). we get,

3x + 5[(3800 3 7x)/6] = 1750

3x + (9500/3) 3 (35x/6) = 1750
3x 3 (35x/6) = 1750 3 (9500/3)
-17x/6 = -4250/3
-17x = -8500
x = 500

Putting the value of x in (iii), we get;

y = (3800 3 7 × 500)/6 = 300/6 = 50

Hence, the cost of a bat is Rs 500 and the cost of a ball is Rs 50.

Q27. A fraction becomes 9/11 if 2 is added to both the numerator

and the denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the
denominator it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction.
Solution
Let the fraction be x/y.
According to the question,
(x + 2)/(y + 2) = 9/11
11x + 22 = 9y + 18
11x 3 9y = -4 &&&&&.. (1)

(x + 3)/(y + 3) = 5/6
6x + 18 = 5y +15
6x 3 5y = -3 &&&&&&. (2)
From (1), we get
x = (-4 + 9y)/11 &&&&&.. (3)
Substituting the value of x in (2), we get
6[(-4 + 9y)/11] 3 5y = -3
-24 + 54y 3 55y = -33
-y = -9
y = 9 &&&&&&& (4)
Substituting the value of y in (3), we get
x = (-4 + 81)/11 = 77/11 = 7
Hence, the fraction is 7/9.

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 Chapter 5
Q28.Find the second term and nth term of an A.P. whose 6th term is
12 and the 8th term is 22.
Solution
Let the first term of the A.P. be a and the common difference be d.

We know that,
nth term of an A.P. an=a+(n21)d
a = a+(n21)d

Therefore,
a =a+(621)d
12=a+5d
a=1225d......(i)
a =a+(821)d
22=a+7d
22=(1225d)+7d (From (i))
22=12+2d
2d=22212
d=10/2
d=5

Substituting d=5 in (i), we get,

=1225(5)
a=12225a
=12225
a=213

2nd term of the A.P.

a2 =213+(221)(5)
=213+1(5)
=213+5
=28

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nth term a =213+(n21)(5)
=213+5n25
=5n218

Hence, the 2nd and nth terms of the given A.P. are 28 and 5n218
respectively.

Q29. How many terms of an A.P. 9, 17, 25, ... must be taken to give a
sum of 636?
Solution
Sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by Sn = n/2 [2a + (n - 1) d]
or Sn = n/2 [a + l]
Here, a is the first term, d is the common difference, n is the number
of terms and l is the last term.
Given,
First term, a = 9
Common difference, d = 17 - 9 = 25 - 17 = ... = 8
Sum up to nth terms, Sn = 636
We know that sum of n terms of an AP
Sn = n/2 [2a + (n - 1) d]
636 = n/2 [2 × 9 + (n - 1) 8]
636 = n/2 [18 + 8n - 8]
636 = n/2 [10 + 8n]
636 = n[5 + 4n]
636 = 5n + 4n²
4n² + 5n - 636 = 0
4n² + 53n - 48n - 636 = 0
n (4n + 53) - 12 (4n + 53) = 0
(4n + 53)(n - 12) = 0
Either 4n + 53 = 0 or n - 12 = 0
n = - 53/4 or n = 12
n cannot be -53/4 because the number of terms can neither be
negative nor fractional, therefore, n = 12

Q30. Find a, b and c if it is given that the numbers a, 7, b, 23, c are in

AP.
Solution

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Since a, 7, b, 23, c are in AP.
72a=b27
= 23 2 b
= c 2 23 ...(1)

On taking 2nd and 3rd expression, we get,

b 2 7 = 23 2 b
2b = 30
b = 15

On taking 1st and 2nd expression, we get,

72a=b27
7 2 a = 15 2 7
a = 21

Again, on taking 3rd and 4th expression, we get,

23 2 b = c 2 23
23 2 15 = c 2 23
c = 31

Hence a = 21, b = 15, c = 31

Q31. The sum of the first five terms of an AP and the sum of the first
seven terms of the same AP is 167. If the sum of the first ten terms of
this AP is 235, find the sum of its first twenty terms.
Solution
Let the first term, common differences and the number of terms of an
AP are a, d and n, respectively.
Sum of first n terms of an AP, S =n/2[2a+(n21)d] (i)
Sum of first five terms of an AP,
S5=5/2[2a+(521)d] [from Eq.(i)]
=5/2(2a+4d)=5(a+2d)
S5=5a+10d
And, sum of first seven terms of an AP, S =7/2[2a+(721)d]
=7/2[2a+6d]=7(a+3d)
S7=7a+21d
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Now, by given condition,
S5+ S7=167
5a+10d+7a+21d=167
12a+31d=167 ...(ii)
Given that, sum of first ten terms of this AP is 235.
S =235
10

10[2a+(1021)d]=235
10(2a+9d)=235
2a+9d=47 ...(iii)
Solving (ii) and (iii) gives,

12a+54d=282
12a+31d=167

23d=115
d=5
Now, put the value of d in Eq. (iii), we get,
2a+9(5)=47
2a+45=47
2a=47245=2
a=1
Sum of first twenty terms of this AP, S¢ = 10[2a+(2021)d]
=10[2×(1)+19×(5)]=10(2+95)
=10×97=970

Q32. A sum of Rs 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to

students of a school for their overall academic performance. If
each prize is Rs 20 less than its preceding prize, find the value of
each of the prizes.

Solution

Let the cost of 1st prize be Rs.P.

Cost of 2nd prize = Rs.P 2 20
And cost of 3rd prize = Rs.P 2 40
We can see that the cost of these prizes is in the form of AP, having a
common difference as 220 and first term as P.
Thus, a = P and d = 220
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