Find the Best Study Materials and Full Test Bank downloads at testbankbell.

com

Solution Manual for C++ Programming: Program

Design Including Data Structures, 6th Edition D.S.
Malik

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-
programming-program-design-including-data-structures-6th-
edition-d-s-malik/

OR CLICK HERE

DOWLOAD NOW

Explore extensive Test Banks for all subjects on testbankbell.com

 Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) ready for you
Download now and discover formats that fit your needs...

Start reading on any device today!

Solution manual for C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis

to Program Design, 6th Edition – D.S. Malik

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-programming-
from-problem-analysis-to-program-design-6th-edition-d-s-malik/

testbankbell.com

Test Bank for C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to

Program Design, 6th Edition – D.S. Malik

https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-c-programming-from-
problem-analysis-to-program-design-6th-edition-d-s-malik/

testbankbell.com

C++ Programming From Problem Analysis to Program Design

8th Edition Malik Solutions Manual

https://testbankbell.com/product/c-programming-from-problem-analysis-
to-program-design-8th-edition-malik-solutions-manual/

testbankbell.com

Solution Manual for C# Programming: From Problem Analysis

to Program Design, 5th Edition, Barbara Doyle

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-programming-
from-problem-analysis-to-program-design-5th-edition-barbara-doyle/

testbankbell.com
Solution Manual for Java Foundations: Introduction to
Program Design and Data Structures, 5th Edition, John
Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joe Chase
https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-java-foundations-
introduction-to-program-design-and-data-structures-5th-edition-john-
lewis-peter-depasquale-joe-chase/
testbankbell.com

Solution Manual for C# Programming: From Problem Analysis

to Program Design, 4th Edition, Barbara Doyle, ISBN-10:
1285096266, ISBN-13: 9781285096261
https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-programming-
from-problem-analysis-to-program-design-4th-edition-barbara-doyle-
isbn-10-1285096266-isbn-13-9781285096261/
testbankbell.com

Solution Manual for Revel for Introduction to Python

Programming and Data Structures, Y. Daniel Liang,

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-revel-for-
introduction-to-python-programming-and-data-structures-y-daniel-liang/

testbankbell.com

Test Bank for Java Foundations: Introduction to Program

Design and Data Structures, 4th Edition, John Lewis Peter
DePasquale Joe Chase
https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-java-foundations-
introduction-to-program-design-and-data-structures-4th-edition-john-
lewis-peter-depasquale-joe-chase/
testbankbell.com

Solution Manual for Introduction to Java Programming and

Data Structures Comprehensive Version, 12th Edition Y.
Daniel Liang
https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-introduction-to-
java-programming-and-data-structures-comprehensive-version-12th-
edition-y-daniel-liang/
testbankbell.com
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-1

Solution Manual for C++ Programming:

Program Design Including Data Structures, 6th
Edition D.S. Malik
Full download link at: https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-
manual-for-c-programming-program-design-including-data-structures-
6th-edition-d-s-malik/

Chapter 1
An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages

At a Glance

Instructor’s Manual Table of Contents

• Overview

• Objectives

• Teaching Tips

• Quick Quizzes

• Class Discussion Topics

• Additional Projects

• Additional Resources

• Key Terms
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-2

Lecture Notes

Overview
The aim of this book is to teach your students to design and write programs in C++.
However, it is useful for them to understand the basic terminology and different
components of a computer before they begin programming. Chapter 1 describes the
main components of a computer system, the history and evolution of computer
languages, and some fundamental ideas about how to solve problems with computer
programming. It also introduces the structured design and object-oriented programming
methodologies. Finally, students will look at a C++ program, understand how it is
processed, and learn about the ANSI/ISO Standard C++.

Objectives
In this chapter, the student will:
• Learn about different types of computers
• Explore the hardware and software components of a computer system
• Learn about the language of a computer
• Learn about the evolution of programming languages
• Examine high-level programming languages
• Discover what a compiler is and what it does
• Examine a C++ program
• Explore how a C++ program is processed
• Learn what an algorithm is and explore problem-solving techniques
• Become aware of structured design and object-oriented design programming
methodologies
• Become aware of Standard C++ and ANSI/ISO Standard C++

Teaching Tips
Introduction
1. Discuss the numerous ways in which computers have affected our daily lives, including
communication, banking, and schoolwork. Emphasize that these are all made possible
by computer programs, which are developed with the help of programming languages.

Introduce this chapter with some real-world computer applications. Discuss the
relationship between the services that students might typically use when surfing
Teaching
the Internet and the implementation behind them. Use online stores such as
Tip
www.amazon.com, entertainment databases such as www.imdb.com, or an
online investment service such as www.etrade.com as examples.
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-3

A Brief Overview of the History of Computers

1. Describe the evolution of computers from the abacus to the present. Explain that at first,
computers were large devices only available to a few people, and that by the mid-1990s,
computers became affordable and small enough for people from all walks of life.

2. Mention several categories of computers, including mainframes, midsize, and micro

computers.

Computer technology is changing rapidly. Ask students to compare their first

Teaching
computer with the one they currently use and discuss the similarities and
Tip
differences between the two.

Elements of a Computer System

1. Describe the basic commands that a computer performs: input, output, storage, and
arithmetic/logical operations.

Hardware

1. Discuss the main hardware components of a computer. These include the central
processing unit (CPU), main memory, input/output devices, and secondary storage. Use
Figure 1-1 to illustrate how these components work together.

Central Processing Unit and Main Memory

1. Explain that the CPU can be thought of as the brain of the computer and that it is also
the most expensive component.

The diagram on the following Web page illustrates how CPU components work
Teaching together: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor2.htm. It might also
Tip be useful to show students an actual motherboard to acquaint them with the
innards of a computer.

2. Emphasize that all data must be brought into main memory before it can be processed
and that the information in main memory is lost when the computer is turned off.

3. Using Figure 1-1, discuss how main memory is ordered into a sequence of cells.

Secondary Storage
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-4

1. Explain why secondary storage is necessary to retain information permanently.

2. Give some examples of secondary storage devices.

Input/Output Devices

1. Explain how input and output devices are needed for a computer to perform useful
tasks.

2. Give some examples of input/output devices using the illustrations in Figure 1-2.

Novel input and output devices are appearing regularly. Here is one called
Teaching
"Skinput" that allows you to use the skin on your arm as a keyboard:
Tip
http://www.chrisharrison.net/index.php/Research/Skinput

Software

1. Define software as computer programs that are written to perform specific tasks. Give
some examples, such as a word processing program.

2. Describe and give examples of the two types of software programs: system and
application.

Quick Quiz 1
1. Main memory is an ordered sequence of cells called ____________________.
Answer: memory cells

2. True or False: Main memory stores numbers and letters.

Answer: False

3. True or False: Programs do not have to be loaded into main memory before they are
executed.
Answer: False

4. The devices that computers use to display results are called ____________________.
Answer: output devices

The Language of a Computer

1. Define analog and digital electrical signals and explain the difference between the two.
Explain why computers use digital signals.
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-5

2. Describe the language of the computer, called machine language. Define the terms
binary digit (bit), binary code (binary number), and byte. Use Table 1-1 to illustrate the
terms used for various numbers of bytes.

3. Discuss the ASCII encoding scheme commonly used on computers. Explain how a
seven-bit ASCII character is converted into an eight-bit representation for computer
processing.

Show the ASCII character set in Appendix C to your students and talk about its
Teaching
organization. In particular, note the letters, numbers, and new line and tab
Tip
characters, as these characters will be useful in future programming assignments.

Quick Quiz 2
1. True or False: Analog signals represent information with a sequence of 0s and 1s.
Answer: False

2. A(n) ____________________ is 1,024 bytes.

Answer: kilobyte (KB)

3. The basic language of a computer is called ____________________.

Answer: machine language

4. How do you convert a seven-bit binary representation of an ASCII character to an eight-

bit binary representation?
Answer: Add a 0 to the left of the seven-bit representation of the ASCII encoding of the
character

The Evolution of Programming Languages

1. Explain how and why machine languages evolved into assembly language and later into
high-level languages such as Basic, FORTRAN, C++, and Java.

2. Give a brief overview of machine language instructions using the example in the
textbook.

Teaching Point out that the process of writing programs in machine language was
Tip extremely tedious and error-prone.
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-6

3. Give a brief overview of assembly language instructions using Table 1-2 and the sample
code in the text. Introduce the concept of a mnemonic.

4. Explain how an assembler works.

5. Explain the role of a compiler in high-level languages.

Processing a C++ Program

1. This section introduces a simple C++ program to your class. Step through the program
in this section, line by line, and explain how C++ processes output.

2. Point out all C++ keywords and functions in this C++ program, such as #include,
using namespace, return, and cout. In addition, discuss C++ syntax, including
the use of braces, parentheses, and the stream insertion operator (<<).

3. Using Figure 1-3, review the steps required to process a program written in C++. Define
the terms source code (program), preprocessor, object program, library, linker, and
loader as you discuss the process.

Students are probably anxious about using a C++ SDK. Demonstrate how to use
Teaching the Visual C++ Express or Visual Studio .NET SDK with the program in the
Tip previous section. Explain the development process by pasting the code into the
text editor, compiling and building the project, and executing the program.

Quick Quiz 3
1. A C++ source program must be saved in a text file with a(n) ____________________
extension.
Answer: .cpp

2. What is the role of a compiler?

Answer: A compiler checks the source program for errors and, if no error is found,
translates the program into the equivalent machine language.

3. True or False: A loader is a program that combines the object program with other
programs in the library.
Answer: False

Programming with the Problem Analysis-Coding-Execution Cycle

1. Define the term algorithm and describe the three-step problem-solving process in a
programming environment.
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-7

2. Discuss the components of the problem analysis-coding-execution cycle using

Figure 1-4.

Emphasize the need for problem analysis before coding with real-world
Teaching
examples, i.e., building an airplane or space shuttle. What might happen if
Tip
shortcuts are taken?

3. Illustrate how to design an algorithm in C++ using the Examples 1-1 through 1-5
presented in this section.

Programming Methodologies
1. This section introduces two popular approaches to programming design: structured
design and object-oriented design.

Structured Programming

1. Define structured design as dividing a problem into smaller subproblems. Further

clarify this concept by explaining equivalent terms for this approach: top-down design,
bottom-up design, stepwise refinement, and modular programming.

Object-Oriented Programming

1. Spend a considerable amount of time introducing object-oriented design. Explain that

the first step in the process is to identify components called objects, which form the
basis of the problem solution, and determine how the objects will interact with each
other. The next step is to specify the data that is relevant to each object as well as the
operations to be performed on that data.

2. Use the video object example in the text to illustrate some possible data and operations
of objects.

Object-oriented design may be initially difficult for your students to grasp.

Illustrate the concept of an object further by using an MP3 music download site.
Teaching
Go to the download page and search for the songs of a favorite artist. Ask
Tip
students to think of the song as an object and to describe both its data and its
operations.

3. Provide a brief overview of the subject matter that will be covered in subsequent
chapters, including C++ data types, functions, control structures, and classes. Finally,
emphasize that when programming in C++, OOD works well in conjunction with
structured design.
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-8

Quick Quiz 4
1. What is another term for structured design?
Answer: top-down design, stepwise refinement, modular programming

2. In OOD, the first step in the problem-solving process is to identify the components
called ____________________.
Answer: objects

3. True or False: An object consists of data and operations on that data.

Answer: True

4. True or False: C++ was designed especially to implement OOD.

Answer: True

ANSI/ISO Standard C++

1. Discuss the history of C++ and how the C++ language evolved in slightly different
ways, depending on the compiler. Explain that before ANSI/ISO Standard C++,
programmers were not assured that their program would run in a different environment
from the one on which it was developed.

Discuss why the ANSI/ISO Standard makes for more robust and dependable
Teaching C++ programs, but that there may still be portability issues with older or
Tip noncompliant compilers. If possible, demonstrate this issue with a couple of
different compilers.

Class Discussion Topics

1. Ask your students to talk about any previous programming experience they might have
had. Discuss the object-oriented approach to programming as it relates to any of the
languages brought up in the discussion. Assure students with no background in
programming that they will be able to pick up the basics with a little practice.

2. Many companies use internal programs that were implemented before object-oriented
programming came into widespread use. What are the issues involved in moving their
systems to an object-oriented approach?

Additional Projects
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-9

1. Ask students to do some research and create a timetable that describes the evolution of
computer languages from machine language to the present day. The table does not have
to be comprehensive, but it should include approximately ten major languages. For each
language, they should include the creation date and author(s), a brief description, and
the state of its use today.

2. Ask your students how they would like their final class grade to be determined in terms
of the relative weight given to projects, weekly assignments, midterm, final, etc. Then,
ask them to design an algorithm to calculate their final grade using the percentages they
have chosen.

Additional Resources
1. History and evolution of computer languages:
www.scriptol.org/history.php

2. Issues of structured vs. object-oriented methodology:

www.iacis.org/iis/2004_iis/PDFfiles/Rob.pdf

3. Object-oriented programming:
www.freetechbooks.com/introduction-to-object-oriented-programming-using-c-
t123.html

4. ASCII table and description:

www.asciitable.com/

5. Illustrated history of computers:

http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/History.htm

Key Terms
➢ Address (of a cell): a unique location in main memory for each cell
➢ Algorithm: a step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a
finite amount of time
➢ American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): the most
commonly used encoding scheme used on personal computers; the ASCII data set uses
seven bits to represent 128 characters, numbered from 0 to 127
➢ Analog signal: a continuous wave form used to represent such things as sound
➢ Application program: a software program that performs a specific task
➢ Assembler: a program that translates a program written in assembly language into an
equivalent program in machine language
➢ Binary (base 2): the number system that a computer uses
➢ Binary code (binary number): a sequence of 0s and 1s
➢ Binary digit (bit): the digit 0 or 1
➢ Bit: a binary digit 0 or 1
C++ Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Sixth Edition 1-10

➢ Build (Rebuild): the command that does the linking on Visual C++ and Visual
Studio .NET
➢ Byte: a sequence of eight bits
➢ Central processing unit (CPU): the brain of the computer and the single most
expensive piece of hardware in a personal computer
➢ Compiler: a program that translates instructions written in a high-level language into
the equivalent machine language
➢ Decimal system (base 10): the number system we use in daily life
➢ Digital signal: represents information with a sequence of 0s and 1s
➢ High-level language: a programming language that is similar to natural speaking
languages
➢ Input device: a device that feeds data and programs into a computer
➢ Kilobyte (KB): 1024, or 210 bytes
➢ Library: includes prewritten code
➢ Linker: a program that combines the object program with other programs in the library,
and is used in the program to create the executable code
➢ Loader: a program that loads an executable program into main memory
➢ Machine language: the language of a computer; a sequence of 0s and 1s
➢ Main memory: memory that is directly connected to the CPU
➢ Memory cells: an ordered sequence of cells in main memory
➢ Mnemonic: an instruction that is in an easy-to-remember form
➢ Object program: the machine language version of the high-level language program
➢ Object-oriented design (OOD): a programming methodology that identifies
components called objects, which form the basis of the solution to a problem
➢ Object-oriented programming (OOP) language: a programming language that
implements OOD
➢ Operating system: monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services
➢ Output device: a device that the computer uses to display results
➢ Preprocessor: a program that processes statements in a C++ program that begin with
the symbol #
➢ Random access memory: memory that is directly connected to the CPU
➢ Secondary storage: a device that stores information permanently
➢ Source code (source program): a program that is written in a high-level language
➢ Structured design (top-down design, bottom-up design, stepwise refinement,
modular programming): the act of dividing a problem into smaller subproblems
➢ Structured programming: the process of implementing a structured design
➢ System program: a program that controls the computer
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
 The Project Gutenberg eBook of
A Doctor in France, 1917-1919: The Diary of
Harold Barclay
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

Title: A Doctor in France, 1917-1919: The Diary of Harold Barclay

Author: Harold Barclay

Release date: September 23, 2019 [eBook #60343]

Most recently updated: October 17, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

(http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A DOCTOR IN

FRANCE, 1917-1919: THE DIARY OF HAROLD BARCLAY ***
The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Doctor in France, 1917-1919, by
Harold Barclay

Note: Images of the original pages are available through Internet

Archive. See https://archive.org/details/b2993090x

A DOCTOR IN FRANCE
1917 · 1919
A DOCTOR IN FRANCE
 1917 · 1919
THE DIARY OF

HAROLD BARCLAY
Lieutenant-Colonel American Expeditionary Forces

NEW YORK
PRIVATELY PRINTED
1923

Copyright 1923 by Helen Barclay

Printed in the United States of America
 EDITOR'S NOTE
Harold Barclay, son of Sackett Moore and Cornelia Barclay Barclay,
was born in New York City, August 14, 1872. At Cazenovia, N.Y., his
parents had their country home and there by the beautiful Lake of
Cazenovia he spent his early years and grew up with that great love
for the country and dislike of cities which lasted all his life.
He entered Harvard University (class of 1897) but left after the first
year as he wished to go to Europe. After traveling a few months he
went to Germany to study music. He had a beautiful voice and was a
natural musician, and so great was the encouragement he received
from his teachers that for some time he considered making music his
life work. But other counsels prevailed and he finally chose the
career of a physician—a choice which his great success fully
justified.
In 1899 he graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
He had, however, found time to serve his country in the Spanish-
American War, when he acted as medical assistant in Troop A, United
States Volunteers in Porto Rico.
In April, 1906, he married Helen Fuller Potter, daughter of the Rev.
Dr. Eliphabet Nott Potter.
During all these busy years, his love of music and travel continued
and always when possible his holidays were spent in European travel
or scientific studies in France or Germany.
When in 1917 America entered the World War, Dr. Barclay received a
commission as captain and went overseas in the Roosevelt Hospital
Unit. Promoted to Major in February, 1918, he was later transferred
to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division, in which he served during the heavy
fighting at Château-Thierry and St.-Mihiel. In November, 1918, he
became a Lieutenant-Colonel and was ordered home January 2,
1919.
Dr. Barclay was traveling with his wife in France when his sudden
death occurred at Biarritz in the summer of 1922.
 PART I
With the Roosevelt Hospital Unit
 1917
June 30th. At last, after six weeks' waiting and more or less
uncertainty of the time of departure, the call has come in the form
of "Confidential Order No. 5" from the War Department. Hustle into
uniform and report for duty to Major Hansell at Roosevelt Hospital.
We are told to go home and report again Sunday, July 1st.
July 1st. It really looks like business. The courtyard of the Hospital is
full of enlisted men having their outfits handed out to them. The
whole dispensary is littered with coats, trousers, blankets, etc. The
men are having identification discs given them and are packing their
kits and rolling blankets. They are really a fine-looking lot of men,
and from their general appearance a good many college men are
among them.
We are told that we are really going to sail the following morning,
and that we must go home, pack and have everything on the pier
(Pier 60) before sundown that night. Max is packing my things for
me—an officer's trunk, a Gladstone bag and a canvas roll with
poncho blankets and a "Gold Medal" canvas cot. We hustle them
down to Pier 60 and leave them standing there with a feeling that
they will not be seen again, as the whole pier is a mass of motor
trucks and boxes of every description. We are to sail on the S.S.
"Lapland" on the south side of the pier. The "Baltic" has just docked
and is discharging cargo at a tremendous rate. The rattle of the
winches is deafening and there are literally hundreds of stevedores
at work.
With a silent farewell my baggage is left, and then back to the house
where Helen and I lunch and start for Mt. Kisco for the afternoon.
One still feels terribly conscious and queer in uniform. My memory
keeps going back to the days when Rob and I enlisted for the
Spanish War, a thousand little details keep coming up that I had long
forgotten. Camp Alger and its chaos, Newport News, and the
transport "Mississippi" and all its horrors.
July 2nd. The order was to assemble at the Hospital at eight a.m. I
got there at 8:20 and everything was stirring. There is really nothing
for the majority of the officers to do. Rolfe Floyd is the busy one.
The regular Army men, Major Hansell in charge, and his Adjutant,
Captain Trinder, seem most efficient. They have really handled the
whole affair wonderfully, never once getting excited and every one
asking them hundreds of foolish questions. The amateur soldier is
really a horrible thing. No one can appreciate the difference between
military and civil life who has not tried them both.
The enlisted men leave on sight-seeing coaches at 9:30, after a
preliminary line-up in the courtyard, and cheers for Colonel Mackay
and every one connected with the outfit. The officers get down as
best they can, so I go down in Dr. Dowd's motor with Floyd, arriving
on the pier at ten a.m.
The "Lapland" has been painted war gray and is fitted with a new
mine-sweeping device, of which more later. There was quite a crowd
of people down there to see us off. Mrs. Vanderbilt, Clarence
Mackay,—and dozens of others whom I do not know. Except for the
uniforms and the gray paint on the ship, it seems just like a summer
vacation trip. Our baggage is wonderfully handled and everything
put on board in the same manner as in peace times. We are
supposed to sail at twelve sharp. The heat is intolerable. Our
staterooms are fine; No. 33, upper deck room. My lot was first cast
with the Chaplain, but I told him McWilliams and I were old Spanish
War veterans, and so he let McWilliams bunk with me.
At one o'clock we are still at the pier. Two hundred and sixty-five, or
some such number, of cots have not appeared and our indefatigable
Quartermaster Ward will not leave without them, so sweat on, and
the poor devils who came down to the pier wait on!
About three thirty the cots are stowed on board, the whistle sounds
long blasts, the hawsers are cast off, and the thud of the great
engines begins. The crowd rush down to the end of the pier, where
many have waited since nine thirty in the morning apparently
without any lunch. They must be nearly dead.
The thrill of other voyages comes back so vividly to my mind as the
great ship slowly warps out into mid-channel, but I am alone now
and all is so different, yet it is hard to realize it and I cannot help
feeling it must be a great big holiday—the harbor seems so bright,
gay and peaceful. We steam at a snail's pace down the bay, and in
front of the Battery the ship seems to float for ten minutes or so, the
engines just turning over. Officers, nurses and men gaze on the tall
buildings as if they were things of stupendous beauty. Each man
seems to identify some building that he knows about, or has worked
in. I know none of them, and try to locate the Barclay Building, but
cannot.
Finally we slip by the Battery, Governors Island and into the Lower
Bay. The waters seem crowded with shipping, the Dutch and English
flags being especially in evidence. There is one converted German
steamer flying the American flag. The "Vaterland" was lying quietly
at her pier.
The glasses Mr. Bird gave me were a source of great fun in trying to
pick out the details of the ships. They practically all had stern guns,
and the Dutch ships had great spears of national colors all over their
sides. Off Tompkinsville, or rather St. George's, Staten Island, we
passed the Dreadnought "Kansas," her decks crowded with jackies in
white duck. She looked awfully spick and span.
Just below Tompkinsville we went through the opening in the net.
One could see distinctly the large buoys that marked its position,
and the small blocks that separated it. At the opening a Monitor lay
anchored and there were several motor-boats, of about forty to sixty
feet long, with big markings of "S.P. No. so and so." It was the first
real realization of war I had felt, and it gave one quite a little thrill.
Steaming more rapidly down the channel now and passing numerous
tugboats apparently commandeered for patrol duty. Finally the pilot
boat comes in sight and the pilot slips down the side into the little
rowboat. Full steam ahead is given and we at last feel the motion of
the long Atlantic sweep.
July 3rd. First day at sea and beautiful weather! The food and
service are excellent. The whole ship is run in the usual routine
manner, and it is increasingly hard to believe that the sea is filled
with pirates bent on our destruction, or that we are on war bent.
The nurses have taken off their street uniforms and donned summer
girl clothes, which further adds to the delusion of a holiday
excursion.
At noon General Headquarters are established in the foyer on Deck
4, with typewriters clicking away. There is much issuing of order and
proclamation. McWilliams is made officer of the day and totes a
cumbersome revolver lent him by Floyd and which is the badge of
office.
Captain Trinder, the Adjutant—a bully fellow full of punch and go—
gave the officers a talk on some of the elements of their duty in the
lounge room, and was listened to with marked attention as every
one is keen about mastering the details of his work.
Thousands of questions are asked about the most elementary
details, because we are an absolutely ignorant lot as far as the
military end is concerned. What little drill knowledge I picked up in
the Troop or in the Spanish War has absolutely vanished.
An edict has been put out from G. H. Q. that no rum is to be sold on
board and we are reduced to ginger ale and soda water. I managed
to pinch just one cocktail the first night, and it was good.
The afternoon dragged along. We were ordered to get out life-
preservers and carry them with us wherever we go. This is an
absolute rule and we cannot be separated from them for an instant.
The officers and men walk around with the preservers strapped to
their backs, carrying them even to meals, where one kicks them
under the table between one's feet while eating.
The rubber suits were gotten out and fixed on. I don't believe they
can ever be adjusted in a general excitement which is bound to
ensue in a smash-up, and then besides if there is any leak in the
rubber, such as a pin prick, they would slowly fill with water. I shall
depend on the old life-preserver.
The night is wonderful. Officers and nurses sit on deck singing. And
they sing well. A beautiful full moon.
July 4th. My turn as officer of the day which, among its other duties,
entailed dragging around "Rollo" Floyd's Colt automatic, and this
blunderbuss grew heavier each hour of the day, so that by night-
time it weighed nothing less than a ton. Was given a detail of twenty
men out of which I appointed, as per instructions, two Acting
Sergeants, one day and one night; two guards were assigned to Q.
M. Ward; three to Headquarters and six to prison guard. It being a
holiday the Headquarters and Q. M. guard were dismissed at noon,
the prison guard being the only one maintained.
Visiting our only prisoner, I found him to be a clean-cut, alert man of
apparently more than average intelligence. I made the poor devil as
comfortable as possible, but was obliged to go through his baggage
in search of any incriminatory evidence and to take any weapons
away from him. These consisted of three razors, which were turned
over to H. Q. Thompson, the prisoner, is, I believe, an actor—
probably a super. He expressed a strong desire for a bible, so sent
him the Chaplain later. He thanked me very profusely for this. I
exceeded orders and allowed him to be on deck four hours, instead
of two, as the day was stifling and his cabin not the coolest place in
the world.
At night all singing was stopped as they say sound carries for a long
distance over the water.
The life boats have all been swung out and men assigned to them. I
am commanding officer of boat No. 21, starboard side, or the
alternate No. 22, port side. Which boat is launched depends upon
which side we are struck and how the ship lists.
Being the Fourth of July the dinner had an extra course and a few
extra British and American flags about. In the evening we assembled
in the Second Cabin for a smoker, only no one was allowed to smoke
as all ports being closed you could cut the atmosphere. However,
cigars and cigarettes were passed around and, I suppose, were used
later. We had the usual burst of song, but it was such a beautiful
warm night with a full moon that every one hurried on deck. I made
my last round at eleven p.m. and turned in for a sound night's sleep.
July 5th. Another wonderful, hot day with only a mere ripple on the
ocean. I turned over the old shooting iron to Floyd, and was jolly
well glad to be rid of it. We have boat drill at ten a.m. I am captain
of my boat. The orders are that in case of torpedo we man the
starboard side first; if the ship is so listed that we cannot launch that
side we take the port side. My boats are 21 starboard and 22
alternate port. I have three lieutenants and fifteen men besides
certain members of the ship's crew. My boat is farthest astern; we
are cut off from all commands on the bridges, and if we have to go
over will practically have to work on my own initiative.
At four p.m. the stern gun fired three practice shots at a smoke
target. The target was allowed to float about a mile leeward. The
first shot was over, but the second and third were bull's-eyes. It was
very pretty to see the shell ricochet. It made thin splashes in the
water. In one it was markedly deflected to the left.
No smoking on decks after nightfall, and the smoking-room is so hot
with everything locked up that one rather went without than sit
indoors. It was a beautiful moonlit night and Russell and I sat on
deck till twelve p.m., then turned in where I found McWilliams
snoring peacefully.
July 6th. An uneventful day. Trinder is drilling the officers for an hour
each afternoon. The parson tried to talk philosophy with me in the
cabin. I was tired and these old sex problems bore me to death. He
has just read one volume of Havelock Ellis and heard a lecture on
psycho-analysis and is full of it. I told him the only philosophy I had
was "live and let live," and all this analysis of a man's daily action
was a damned bore as far as I was concerned. He left me in a huff.
He is just bristling with uplift, but on the whole a good fellow.
Turned in about eleven and read "Captains Courageous" for a couple
of hours, but got dreaming about subs and could not sleep. The
ship's company on the whole seem more or less concerned, but all
keep cheerful. My only hope is, that if anything happens, I won't
lose my head.
July 7th. A cold, gray day, but a very pleasant change after the past
six days of suffocation. General inspection in flannel shirts at nine
a.m., and it was cold standing around. It was the first time I had
seen the men all drawn up together and they looked well. The
parson is peeved. He would hardly speak to me this morning, but it
will probably wear off in time. This is an awfully good, tame crowd.
There is none of the old freebooter spirit we had in '98. All older is
probably the answer. But even the younger men are very quiet.
The nurses had a party. There were shrieks of laughter until late in
the night.
July 8th. No drills nor work to-day. It is cloudy and very cold. At ten
forty-five Divine Service on deck. All the enlisted men, nurses and
officers were present. The service was quiet, impressive and very
earnest. The tension is growing hourly.
At five p.m. all the boat commanders were summoned to Colonel
Winter's room to talk over final arrangements for boat personnel.
They have not swung my boats out yet, although I have spoken
several times to Trinder about it. They say that part of the ship is so
much lower that if a sea kicked up they would have to swing them in
again. I certainly have a mean station.
At four p.m. we officers had a voluntary drill. I got a good bath
afterwards. It may be the last for several days, as it is suggested
that no one wants to get caught with clothes off. A good many men
are sleeping partially dressed to-night. The rumor is, to-morrow we
wear preservers, not carry them, and the time at meals is to be
reduced to a minimum. We all sat around in the smoking-room this
afternoon. The conversation was largely on submarines and army
life. Colonel Winter tried to put a bit of cheer into things with a few
stories, but it was hard. Outside the moon is trying to struggle out,
the sea is dead calm, and the ship is bleak as perdition. No ports or
ventilators are allowed to be opened. Fortunately, it is cold.
July 9th. A day really of terrible suspense. We are in the danger
zone. The life-boats have been partially lowered over the side. Every
conceivable precaution is being taken. The nurses' suits are all laid
out on deck. Every one is strung up to the breaking point. All the
enlisted men have been moved up. Many are sleeping on deck.
About five p.m. the Captain began his zig-zag course, making wide
sweeps every five or ten minutes. There were rumors that a
torpedo-boat would turn up late this afternoon, but now, at eleven
p.m., there is nothing in sight. And with it all it is the most beautiful
night ever conceived. A little moon half on the wane came peeping
up out of a bank of clouds, about ten thirty, making its silver path of
light and doubtless silhouetting us clearly against the sky.
Passed a small freighter lower on the horizon before dinner.
Everything is scanned with most suspicious glances and carefully
shunned. Well, here it goes for a few hours' sleep, or an attempt at
it, for it's up at the first break of dawn.
July 10th. Jim woke me a little before four a.m. We went out on
deck. A beautiful morning with the sun just rising. Peck was there
and Miss Francis, the head nurse, had been sitting up all night. She
looked it. I took a few turns and then turned in till eight thirty.
Nothing of any particular interest, except we sighted another C. P.
boat with a torpedo-boat escort. It was curious to watch her. First
she was on one side and then the other. The zigzagging gets one
completely confused as to position.
About six this evening a speck on the horizon and we break our
number from the fore truck and in a few minutes we come in plain
view of our convoy. She is a torpedo-boat destroyer, No. 38, with the
"Stars and Stripes" flying astern. We had a feeling of great relief. We
gave her a hearty cheer. To bed now and clothes off.
July 11th. Woke up and climbed out on deck at three fifteen. Light
was just breaking and every one was on the qui vive. Watched the
serpentine for a bit and then turned in again and had a good snooze
till Eddie, the bath steward, routed me out for a plunge. Last wash
on board; we go dirty to-morrow, and then a good fresh-water tub
and soap.
Our destroyer was changed during the night. The rumor is that 38
went in assistance to some other ship that was below us in our
vicinity.
There are surprisingly few boats seen—two sailboats, a trawler, and
one large steamer is preceding us. Just after lunch a large French
dirigible circled over us. She has been hovering around since early
morning, presumably looking for subs.
It is pack up to-night and if we have luck we shall land early in the
a.m. About eight p.m. we sight the lighthouse off the bar, but cannot
cross until high tide on account of the risk of striking a mine.
July 12th. On deck a little before seven when we cross the bar and
proceed slowly up the Mersey and drop anchor before the quay
where we wait for over two hours for the boarding officers. They
arrive after a long wait. Everyone is herded in the lounge where a
captain and three corporals go over all our papers and ask us if we
carry any correspondence.
We disembark at noon. Then a short walk through the town with
Peck, Russell, etc., hunting for a cable office. I suppose all my letters
will be censored out of shape as I wrote fully describing the voyage.
Major Keating met us at the wharf. He is the officer in charge of
embarkation, a perfect type of the English gentleman. Lunch on ship
and are entrained for Southampton direct, much to our disgust, for
every one was hoping for at least one day in London. The nurses are
held over in Liverpool for a tea or something; every one is most
courteous.
The train was scheduled to leave at two thirty p.m., but when made
up did not have sufficient room for officers, so three-quarters of an
hour delay while another first-class carriage is hunted up, but every
one takes it very casually and Major Keating chats very pleasantly
with us all. Finally the extra carriage arrives and we are loaded. Men
are loaded third class and we go first. Everything is conducted in an
orderly fashion with an eye to comfort. But it seems so strange to be
here and traveling under these conditions and in uniform.
The train travels slowly with numerous stops, by Crewe, Stafford,
Birmingham. At each stop all the men pile out and rush for the
refreshment counter, much to the confusion of the placid females
who try to attend to them in their leisurely fashion. They call for
American drinks which the ladies have never heard of. A struggle
with the money. I know they think we are a bunch of lunatics.
The liquor laws are very strict and appear very sensible. They allow
the sale of liquors and beer for two hours in the middle of the day
and for one half hour in the evening. No flasks can be sold from
Thursday night till Monday, so no man can take a supply home for
consumption over Saturday and Sunday.
At a little after midnight we reach Southampton and are met by
General Balfour and his staff. The General has charge of the port of
Southampton and is responsible for practically all the embarkation of
troops and supplies for the seat of war.
The General conducted us personally to the Northwestern Hotel
where we had the most comfortable quarters. A cold supper was
waiting and the closing law was waived. I had a good pint of ale. It
was good after a long hard day of travel.
The country was as wonderful as ever, but in place of the flower
gardens one saw nothing but vegetables. We came down via Oxford
and saw many stretches of the Thames. It made me homesick
because of the pleasant days spent at Maidenhead with Helen in
1914.
Will now continue with our arrival. The poor enlisted men were
marched three and a half miles to a camp which they reached at
three a.m. Floyd and Cave accompanied them.
July 13th. It was ten o'clock when I awoke. The first real night's
sleep in over a week. Wonderful beds and a good bath made
everything bright. Breakfast with Martin on war bread (whole wheat)
and coffee, with usual accompaniments of boiled milk. Sugar is
doled out like gold.
Some of the officers went up to see the men in camp, but I toddled
around the town and saw the old wall. It seems that the "Mayflower"
sailed from here, and there is a monument to Elder Brewster of
Scrooby and John Alden and others of that merry party. After that
wandered around town, bought some puttees and a penknife. Met
some of the others and lunched at the "Dolphin," a typical old-time
inn.
The food laws are really strict, but then one gets all one needs. The
meat allowance per meal is something like five ounces as it comes
from the butcher, which means about three and a half ounces when
served.
At three p.m. embarked on the tender which is to take us out to the
hospital ship which is to run us across to Havre. We first run across
to another quay where we are to pick up the nurses who are due to
arrive at five forty-five. While waiting, General Balfour came down
again in his little yellow car and showed us the medal struck off in
Germany to commemorate the sinking of the "Lusitania." On the
front side was a ship going down by the bow, with guns and
aeroplanes on hand. On the reverse side was the Cunard ticket office
with a skeleton selling tickets. The exact inscription I cannot
remember, but it meant the desire for gain on the Cunard's part was
the only consideration for selling tickets.
The nurses arrive in a flurry of excitement, having had the time of
their lives. They were given the freedom of the theaters at Liverpool
and were cheered as they entered, and a lunch at the Savoy where
they all agreed they were wonderfully fêted. Interesting stories of
our ocean voyage were told them by Major Keating after we left.
It seems that the destroyer No. 38 sunk a sub two hours before
meeting us. They also confirmed the report that the "Coyote" was
sunk sixteen miles ahead of us at one thirty a.m. It also seems that
Pershing's force was attacked by what is said to be a veritable sub
flotilla, and why none was sunk was just devilish good luck.
Steam about four miles down the harbor to the "Grand Tulley
Castle." She is officially E-812, as all the boats are numbered now;
the former names having been painted over. She was formerly in the
African trade. Quarters are somewhat cramped, but she is as clean
and comfortable as one could wish. There is an operating theater on
the forward main deck, and between-decks are converted into
wards. She is in command of Major W. V. Robinson, R.A.M.C. The
officers are all very agreeable men and are doing everything to make
us comfortable. No one can begin to realize what England is doing
who has not seen the activity of Southampton. Just after we got on
board two big transports passed us loaded with troops, it was said,
for Mesopotamia.
July 14th. All day at anchor. No one allowed to leave the steamer.
The papers came on board in the morning. Towards sundown two
more transports leave again filled with troops.
We all jumped overboard for a swim in the afternoon. Concert in the
evening by the men of the ship with ours. Every one seemed to have
a good time.
The sunset was wonderful and the twilight lasted for nearly two
hours.
July 15th. Still at anchor with no news of our departure. Major
Robinson tried to get permission for the officers to visit Nutley
Hospital, but only succeeded in getting it for six, so the high ones
went—and said it was very interesting.
At four p. m. weigh anchor, put out the mine-sweeper and are off,
escorted by two torpedo-boats which put out from Portsmouth. We
pass through the nets and around the Western part of the Isle of
Wight. Through the glasses Cowes looks absolutely deserted; the
bath houses are pulled back on the beach and, although it is a
Sunday in midsummer, one cannot see a child playing on the sands.
This is equally true of the beaches around Southampton, of which
there are five or six.
It is blowing a hard gale from the south. Orders are—sleep in clothes
and wear life-preservers. The run is considered dangerous. There
are many mine-sweepers at work around us.
July 16th. We dock at the old Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
pier, most of which is turned into a hospital. More waiting and while
we wait a trainload of wounded arrive and are carried in litters
aboard the ship. I hear no complaint. Most of the men are smoking
cigarettes.
After several hours of cooling our heels we are told to go to the
Hotel Moderne by the French Commandant. Havre is entirely taken
over by the British. Most of the tram-cars are run by Tommies and
the city is policed by them. The men doing police duty walk in pairs,
wear a red band around their hats and have a brassard on the arm
with "M. P." and are a fine looking lot. The Moderne is an easy third-
rate hotel. Am rooming with McWilliams.
In the early evening the Commandant calls again and tells us we are
to proceed to Vittel by a slow train. It is most disappointing as I had
hoped for a few days in Paris, especially as we had been sidetracked
from London. At the instigation of Major Bruce we proceeded to the
État Major of the Havre district, who finally agreed to telephone to
American headquarters at Paris. The answer comes that our orders
are absolute; that we were to embark at eight p. m. The train would
leave at nine p. m. and we would be approximately forty-eight hours
en route—no arrangements for sleeping or anything. The officers for
which I arrange had packages of two eggs, 400 grams of bread and
100 grams of cheese. So we start off. A few Red Cross Frenchwomen
and some men, together with the French Commander and a file of
about twelve soldiers come down to see us off. The soldiers present
arms, the Red Cross ladies hand us a small nosegay of sweet peas, a
small box of grapes is entrusted to Henry Cave, and the train snorts
out. The men go third class, the nurses second class, officers first
class, and we all go like hogs!
While at Havre, Russell, McWilliams, James and a few others
motored over to Étretat and saw Brewer, Darrach and his crowd.
They are delightfully situated. Saw Sally Strain and had a little chat
with her. Paul Draper was working in the outfit as an orderly. They
took their hospital over from the English who had everything
working well and had established a good precedent.
July 17th. In the words of the prophet, "The hell of a night." We
tried to doctor the seats so one could lie down, but your head would
always come out lower than your feet and there was little use in
trying. About two hours was the average, with a cold-gray-dawn
feeling as if one had been on an all-night debauch. There was no
use trying to wash, because there was nothing to wash in or with.
We opened the emergency package and had breakfast of hard-
boiled eggs, black bread and cheese. About six a. m. we pulled in to
St. Lazaire Station in Paris and in ten minutes were out again. Then
backing and filling for an hour when we landed at Noisy-le-Sec, nine
kilometers from Paris. There we were told by the lieutenant we had
missed our connection and would remain till two thirty.
Noisy-le-Sec is a poor working suburb of Paris. Just why we could
not have been left in Paris to have a comfortable breakfast is
probably unknown, except that when two alternatives are presented
—a comfortable, convenient one, or an uncomfortable, inconvenient
one—the rules of the game seem to be always to take the more
inconvenient of the two. There is apparently a lack of any definite
plan for us.
We foraged around Noisy, got a good bath and managed, for an
exorbitant price, to obtain a fair déjeuner in a small workingman's
restaurant which was filled with military.
As one travels through the country the results of the war are very
apparent. The countryside is deserted and only women are seen
working in the fields. It's women, boys and old men. The lovely
flowers that we formerly saw in such profusion are scarcely seen
now. In spite of the shortage of labor, however, the fields are all well
planted.
Constant trains filled with soldiers are passing northward, and at
every station we stop there are a number waiting to join their
commands or coming home on leave. During the afternoon we
jogged along at about twenty-five kilometers an hour with frequent
long stops. At seven o'clock some more brown bread and cheese. I
had gotten a bottle of red wine during our few minutes' stop in Paris
which helped things along nicely. Then about ten we settle down for
our second night.
July 18th. Every one woke up feeling pretty ragged. Goodness knows
how the nurses stand it as well as they have, because they stick