Trigonometric Functions

01 02
RELATION BETWEEN SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES : Basic Trigonometric Identities
1° =60′
l Length of arc
1′ = 60′′ q= = or l = r q
r Radius
180° = pc
180°
1 Radian=≈ 57°17′ (approx)
p
p
1 Degree
= Radian ≈ 0.0175 radian
180 04
Trigonometric Function of Some Standards Angles

Angle 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 120° 135° 150° 180°

03 1 1 3 3 1 1
sin 0 1 0
Basic Trigonometric Identities 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 1 1 1 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 cos 1 0 − − − −1
(i ) (cos q + sin =
q 1) or (1 − cos =
q sin q) or (1 − sin =
q cos q) 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
(ii ) (1 + tan = q sec 2 q) or (tan =
2
q sec 2 q − 1) or (sec 2 q − tan =
2
q 1) 1 1
tan 0 1 3 ∞ − 3 −1 − 0
2 2 2 2 3 3
(iii ) (1 + cot
= q cosec q) or (cot
= q cosec q − 1) or
1 1
(cosec 2 q − cot 2 q =1) cot ∞ 3 1 0 − −1 − 3 −∞
3 3
2 2
sec 1 2 2 ∞ −2 − 2 − −1
3 3
2 2
cosec ∞ 2 2 1 2 2 ∞
3 3
 06
SIGNS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT
05 QUADRANTS
Trigonometric Ratios of Allied Angles
90°, p/2

II quadrant I quadrant
Angle in Degree −q 90° − q 90° + q 180° − q 180° + q
S A
p p
Angle in radian −q −q +q p−q p+q only sine All + ve
2 2
Sin q − Sin q Cos q Cos q Sin q − Sin q & cosec + ve
Cos q Cos q Sin q − Sin q − Cos q − Cos q 180°, p 0°, 360°, 2 p
Tan q − Tan q Cot q − Cot q − Tan q Tan q only only cos
Cosec q − Cosec q Sec q Sec q Cosec q − Cosec q tan & cot + ve & sec + ve
Sec q Sec q Cosec q − Cosec q − Sec q − Sec q
Cot q − Cot q Tan q − Tan q − Cot q Cot q
T III quadrant IV quadrant C
270°, 3p/2
360° − q 360° + q
Angle in
270° − q 270° + q or or
Degree
n × 360 − q n × 360° + q
°
07
2p − q 2p + q
Angle in 3p 3p Trigonometric Functions of Compound Angles
−q +q or or
radian 2 2
n × 2p − q n × 2p + q (i ) sin( A=+ B) sin A cos B + cos A sin B
Sin q − Cos q − Cos q − Sin q Sin q (ii ) sin( A=− B) sin A cos B − cos A sin B
Cos q − Sin q Sin q Cos q Cos q (iii ) cos( A= + B) cos A cos B − sin A sin B
Tan q Cot q − Cot q − Tan q Tan q (iv) cos( =A − B)cos A cos B + sin A sin B
Cosec q − Sec q − Sec q − Cosec q Cosec q tan A + tan B
(v) tan( A + B ) =
Sec q − Cosec q Cosec q Sec q Sec q 1 − tan A tan B
tan A − tan B
Cot q Tan q − Tan q − Cot q C ot q (vi ) tan( A − B ) =
1 + tan A tan B
cot A cot B − 1
(vii ) cot( A + B ) =
cot B + cot A
cot A cot B + 1
(viii ) cot( A − B ) =
cot B − cot A
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Transformation Formulae
09
(i )2sin A cos B= sin( A + B ) + sin( A − B )
Trigonometric Functions of Multiple Angles
(ii ) 2cos A sin B= sin( A + B ) − sin( A − B )
(iii ) 2cos A cos B
= cos( A + B ) + cos( A − B )  2 tan A 
(i=
)  sin 2 A 2sin
= A cos A 
(iv) 2sin A sin B = cos( A − B ) − cos( A + B )  1 + tan 2 A 
C +D C −D 1 − tan 2 A
(v ) sin C + sin D =
2sin   cos   (ii ) (cos 2 A =cos 2 A − sin 2 A =2cos 2 A − 1) =1 − 2sin 2 A =
 2   2  1 + tan 2 A
C +D C −D  2 tan A 
(vi ) sin C − sin D =2cos   sin   (iii )  tan 2 A = 
 2   2   1 − tan 2 A 
C +D C −D (iv) (sin= 3 A 3sin A − 4sin 3 A)
(vii ) cos C + cos D =2cos   cos  
 2   2  (v) (cos3
= A 4cos3 A − 3cos A)
C +D C −D  3tan A − tan 3 A 
(viii ) cos C − cos D = −2sin   sin   (vi )  tan 3 A =
 2   2  
 1 − 3tan 2 A 
C + D  D−C 
= 2sin   sin  
 2   2 
10 11
Trigonometric Functions of Sub-multiple Angles Trigonometric Ratios of Some Special Angles

 A  p 3 −1 5p
 2 tan • sin15° or sin = cos 75° or cos
=
(i )  sin A 2sin
= =
A
cos
A 2  12 2 2 12

 2 2 1 + tan 2 A 
p 3 +1 5p
 2 • cos15° = cos = =sin 75° =sin
12 2 2 12
 A
 1 − tan 2 p 5 −1
A A A A
(ii )  cos A = cos 2 − sin 2 = 2cos 2 − 1 = 1 − 2sin 2 = 2 • sin or sin18 =
 2 2 2 2 1 + tan 2 A  10 4
 2 3 −1
• tan15° = =2 − 3 =cot 75°
 A  3 +1
 2 tan
(iii )  tan A = 2  p 5 +1
 A • cos or cos36° =
1 − tan 2  5 4
 2
3 +1
 A • tan 75° = =2 + 3 =cot15°
(iv) 1 − cos A = 2sin 2  3 −1
 2
 A 5 −1 10 − 2 5
(v) 1 + cos A = 2cos 2  • sin18
= °
,sin
= 36°
 2 4 4
 1 − cos A A 10 + 2 5 5 +1
(vi )  = tan 2  =• cos18° = ,cos36
 1 + cos A 2 4 4
• tan15 =
°
2 − 3, tan 22.5 =2 − 1, tan 67.5° =2 + 1
°

• tan 75° =
2+ 3

12
Maximum and Minimum Values of a Trigonometric
Expression

(i) Maximum value of a cos q ± sin q = a + b

2 2

Maximum value of a cos q ± sin q =

− a 2 + b2
 Trigonometric Equations:

13 14
Solution/Roots of a Trigonometric Equation:- Hyperbolic Functions:

(i ) sin q = 0 ⇒ q = np , where n ∈ z e x − e− x
(i ) sinh x =
p 2
(ii ) cos q = 0 ⇒ q = (2n + 1) , where n ∈ z
2 e + e− x
x
(ii ) cosh x =
(iii ) tan q = 0 ⇒ q = np , where n ∈ z 2
 p p sinh x e x − e − x
(iv) sin q= sin α ⇒ q= np + (−1) n α , where α ∈  − ,  and n ∈ z (iii ) tanh
= x = x
 2 2 cosh x e + e − x
1 2
(v ) cos q= cos α ⇒ q= 2np ± α , where α ∈ [0, p ] and n ∈ z (iv) cosech
= x = x
sinh x e − e − x
 p p 1 2
(vi ) q tan α ⇒ =
tan= q np + α , where α ∈  − ,  and n ∈ z (v) sech
= x = x
 2 2 cosh x e + e − x
(vii ) sin q sin
= 2
= 2
α ,cos q cos
2
= 2
α , tan q tan 2 α
2
cosh x e x + e − x
(vi ) coth
= x = x
⇒ q= np ± α , where n ∈ z sinh x e − e − x
p
(viii ) sin q =1 ⇒ q =(4n + 1) , where n ∈ z
2
(ix) cos q =1 ⇒ q =2np , where n ∈ z
15
Graphs of all Trigonometric Functions
16
Conditional Trigonometrical Identities

If A + B + C = p then
(i ) sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C = 4sin A ⋅ sin B ⋅ sin C
(ii ) cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C =−1 − 4cos A ⋅ cos B ⋅ cos C
A B C
(iii ) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
(iv) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4sin sin sin
2 2 2
2 2 2
(v) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 − 2cos A ⋅ cos B cos C
(vi ) tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A ⋅ tan B ⋅ tan C
A B B C C A
(vii ) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
 Questions

1. If sin q + cosec q = 2, then sin2 q + cosec2 q is equal to 2

(a) 1 (b) 4 6. The value of 1 − tan 2 15° is

1 + tan 15°
(c) 2 (d) None of these (a) 1 (b) 3

2. If f(x) = cos2 x + sec2 x, then 3

(c) (d) 2
(a) f(x) < 1 (b) f(x) = 1 2
(c) 2 < f(x) < 1 (d) f(x) ≥ 2 7. The value of cos 1° cos 2° cos 3° ... cos 179° is
1
1 1 (a) (b) 0
3. If tan q = and tan f = , then the value of q + f is
2 3 (c) 1 2 (d) –1
p
(a) (b) p 8. If tan q = 3 and q lies in third quadrant, then the value of sin q is
6
1 1
(a) (b) −
(c) 0 (d) p 10 10
4
−3 3
4. Which of the following is not correct? (c) (d)
10 10
1
(a) sin q = − (b) cos q = 1 9. The value of tan 75° – cot 75° is equal to
5
1 (a) 2 3 (b) 2 + 3
(c) sec q = − (d) tan q = 20
5 (c) 2 − 3 (d) 1
5. The value of tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° ... tan 89° is
(a) 0 (b) 1 10. Which of the following is correct?
(a) sin 1° > sin 1 (b) sin 1° < sin 1
(c) 1 (d) Not defined
2 p
(c) sin 1° = sin 1 (d) sin1° = sin1
18°
 Answer Key

1. (c)

2. (d)

3. (d)

4. (c)

5. (b)

6. (c)

7. (b)

8. (c)

9. (a)

10. (b)