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Experiment-2-lab-guide_modified

The document outlines an experiment aimed at identifying substances based on their physical properties, specifically solubility, density, and boiling point. It includes objectives for students, a list of required apparatus and chemicals, and detailed procedures for measuring solubility in water and density. Additionally, it provides a table of physical properties for common laboratory chemicals to assist in the identification process.

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rudysocute1234
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5 views

Experiment-2-lab-guide_modified

The document outlines an experiment aimed at identifying substances based on their physical properties, specifically solubility, density, and boiling point. It includes objectives for students, a list of required apparatus and chemicals, and detailed procedures for measuring solubility in water and density. Additionally, it provides a table of physical properties for common laboratory chemicals to assist in the identification process.

Uploaded by

rudysocute1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment #2

Identifying Substances by Their Properties

Properties are those characteristics of a substance that enable us to identify it and to distinguish it
from other substances. Direct identification of some substances can readily be made by simply
examining them. For example, we see color, size, shape, and texture, and we can smell odors and
discern a variety of tastes. Thus, copper can be distinguished from other metals on the basis of its
color.

Physical properties are those properties that can be observed without altering the composition of
the substance. Whereas it is difficult to assign definitive values to such properties as taste, color,
and odor, other physical properties, such as melting point, boiling point, solubility, density,
viscosity, and refractive index, can be expressed quantitatively.

In this experiment, you will use the following properties to identify a substance whose identity is
unknown to you: solubility, density, and boiling point.

Objectives
After performing the experiment, students must have:
 Acquainted with procedures used in evaluating physical properties.
 Identified a substance on the basis of its physical properties.
 Designed a systematic procedure for determining the presence of a particular substance in
aqueous solutions.

Apparatus and Chemicals


Balance
250 mL beaker Ring stand and ring
25 mL Erlenmeyer flask Utility clamp
10 mL graduated cylinder Thermometer clamp
5mL/10 mL pipet Thermometer
50 mL beakers (2) Stirring rod
Burner and hose Apparatus for boiling point determination
Wire gauze Ethyl alcohol (15 mL)
Small rubber bands Cyclohexane (20 mL)
Boiling chips
Large test tubes (2)
Small test tubes (6)
Test-tube rack
Physical Properties of Some Common Laboratory Chemicals

Compound Density Melting Boiling point Solubility


(g/cm3) point (oC) Water Ethanol Acetone Cyclohexane
o
( C)
Acetone 0.79 -95 56 s s s
Acetamide 1.00 82.3 221 s s - -
Acetanilide 1.22 114 304 - s s s
Anthracene 1.28 216 - - - s s
Benzamide 1.08 132 290 s s - s
Benzoic acid 1.07 122 249 - s s s
Benzoin 1.31 137 344 - s s -
2-Butanone 0.81 -86 80 s s s s
Cyclohexane 0.79 6.5 81 - s s
Cyclohexene 0.81 -104 83 - s s s
Ethanol 0.79 -117 79 s s s
Ethyl acetate 0.90 -84 77 s s s s
Heptane 0.68 -91 98 - s s s
n-Hexane 0.66 -95 69 - s - -
Methanol 0.79 -94 65 s s s s
Naphthalene 0.96 80.5 218 - s s s
1-Propanol 0.80 -127 97 s s s s
2-Propanol 0.79 -90 82 s s s s
Procedure B

Identifying Substances by Their Properties

A. Solubility in Water

1. Take clean two test tubes and fill them with 20 ml of


water.

2. Take small amount (approximately half of a pea) of


starch and sand and place them into test tubes that contain
water. Shake the tubes gently and observe whether or not
the substances dissolve. Some substances dissolve slowly,
in this case set the test tube aside for few minutes and
examine again. Are the compounds soluble or insoluble?
Record your observations.

B. Miscibility

1. Take clean two test tubes and fill half of them with water.

2. Now, to the first tube, put some amount of alcohol and to


the second one, put cooking oil. Shake the test tubes gently
or mix the contents with stirring rod. Observe what
happened. Which one is miscible, record your observations
on your data sheet.
Density Measurement

C. Density of Water

1. Now take a clean and dry graduate cylinder and weigh it.
Then put 20 mL water in it and weigh again to find the mass
of water. Carry out the density calculation and find the density
of water.

C.2. Density of a Solid

1. Take an irregular shape solid from your assistant and weigh


it.

2. To find volume of the solid, put it into graduated cylinder


that contains 20 ml water in the previous part and calculate
the volume of the solid according to increase in the water
level. Carry out the density calculation to find the density of
the solid material.

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