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Physical Chemistry - Formulaes - Graphs

The document provides a comprehensive revision guide for Class XII Physical Chemistry, covering key concepts and formulas related to Solutions, Electrochemistry, and Chemical Kinetics. It includes definitions, equations, and examples for mass percentage, mole fraction, conductance, and reaction rates. Additionally, it outlines important laws such as Faraday's laws of electrolysis and Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.

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12 views

Physical Chemistry - Formulaes - Graphs

The document provides a comprehensive revision guide for Class XII Physical Chemistry, covering key concepts and formulas related to Solutions, Electrochemistry, and Chemical Kinetics. It includes definitions, equations, and examples for mass percentage, mole fraction, conductance, and reaction rates. Additionally, it outlines important laws such as Faraday's laws of electrolysis and Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.

Uploaded by

praneskumarb07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class XII – Revision – Physical Chemistry

Formulaes to be used.

Unit 2 – Solutions (SSC)


In the formulaes given below :

Mass of the component in the solution


Mass % of a component = X 100
1) Total mass of the solution
w2
Mass % of a component = X 100 (SSC)
w1 + w2

Number of moles of the component


Mole fraction of a component (𝝌) =
2) Total number of moles of all the components
For a binary mixture

3)

4)

5)

6)

(SSC)
7)

(SSC)

8)

9)

10)

(SSC)

11)

(SSC)
12)

(SSC)

13)

14) Van’t Hoff factor (i)

(SSC)

15) i > 1 ( Dissociation)


i < 1 ( Association)
i = 1 ( non – electrolyte)
Non- electrolyte examples : Urea, Glucose , Cane sugar (Or) Sucrose , Ethylene Glycol ,
Polymers , Proteins.
Substances undergoing dissociation : Mineral acids , Organic acids , Ionic compounds.
Substances undergoing association : Benzoic acid , acetic acid ( Organic carboxylic acids)

16) Abnormal Colligative property :

17) Degree of dissociation/association ( 𝛼 )


(i) For dissociation :

𝑖−1
𝛼 = where m no. of particles it dissociated into.
𝑚−1

(ii) For association :

(SSC)
𝑖−1
𝛼 = 1 where m no. of molecules of solute that associate to form an
𝑚
−1
associated molecule.

α2 C
18) Dissociation constant K a = 1−α where C molar concentration

Unit 3 - Electrochemistry
(SSC)
1) Representation of electrochemical Cells

Points to remember

Higher 𝐸°𝑟𝑒𝑑 → Cathode


Lower 𝐸°𝑟𝑒𝑑 → Anode
𝐸°𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = +ve → Reaction feasible

2)

(SSC)

3)

4) Conductance of electrolytic solution

Property Formula Unit


Resistance (R) 𝑙 Ω
R=𝜌
A

Conductance (G) 1 A A S (Or) Ω−1


G= = =𝜅
R ρ𝑙 𝑙
Resistivity ( 𝜌 ) 𝑙 Ωm
𝜌 =𝑅
A
1 S m−1 (Or) S cm−1
Conductivity (𝜅) 𝜅 = X G∗ (Or) G∗ = 𝜅 R
R

Cell constant ( G∗ ) G∗ =
𝑙 m−1 (Or) cm−1
A

5) Molar conductivity ( 𝚲𝐦 )

6) Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent migration of ions : (SSC)


𝟎
𝚲𝐦 = 𝛎+ 𝛌 𝟎
+ + 𝛎− 𝛌 𝟎
−

𝟎
For example : 𝚲𝐦 (Al2 (SO4 )3 = 2 𝝀° (A𝑙 3+ ) + 3 𝝀° ( SO4 2− )

Where :
𝚲𝐦 𝟎 : Limiting molar conductivity of an electrolye.
𝝀° (A𝑙3+ ) , 𝝀° ( SO4 2− ) : Limiting molar conductivity of A𝑙3+ , SO4 2− ions respectively.

𝚲𝐦
7) 𝜶= 𝜶 = Degree of dissociation.
𝚲𝐦 𝟎

(SSC)

8) Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis :

(i) Faraday’s I Law :

t time in seconds ;I Current in Amperes


(SSC)
(ii) Faraday’s Second Law :

Unit 4 – Chemical Kinetics.


(SSC)
1) For a reaction R P
∆[𝑅] ∆[𝑃] 𝑚𝑜𝑙 /𝐿
Rate of reaction = - = = = mol /L /s
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 𝑠

2) For a general reaction : aA + bB cC + dD

1 ∆[𝐴] 1 ∆[𝐵] 1 ∆[𝐶] 1 ∆[𝐷]


Average rate of reaction (𝑟𝑎𝑣 ) = - =- = =
a ∆𝑡 b ∆𝑡 c ∆𝑡 d ∆𝑡

1 𝑑[𝐴] 1 𝑑[𝐵] 1 𝑑[𝐶] 1 𝑑[𝐷]


Instantaneous rate (𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) = - = - = =
a 𝑑𝑡 b 𝑑𝑡 c 𝑑𝑡 d 𝑑𝑡

3) For a general reaction : aA + bB cC + dD


rate = k [A]x [B]y k Rate constant
x+y Order of a reaction.

4) Units of rate constant: (General) : (mol L-1 ) 1-n s-1 ; n → order of reaction.

5) Zero Order reaction :


(SSC)

6) First Order reaction :


7) Arrhenius equation :

A Frequency Factor
Ea Activation Energy (kJ/mol)
R 8.314 J/K/mol
(SSC)

Conversion values :

√2 = 1.414 R 8.314 J /K/mol 1 atm = 1.013 bar


√3 = 1.732 R 0.0821 L atm mol−1 K −1 1 Joule = 107 ergs
√5 = 2.2361 R 0.083 L bar mol−1 K −1 1 bar = 105 Pascal
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
log 2 = 0.3010
log 3 = 0. 4771 1000 cm3 = 1 dm3
log 4 = 0.6020
log 5 = 0.6989

(SSC)
(SSC)

Class XII – Physical chemistry – Revision - Graphs and Diagrams.

(SSC)
(SSC)

Solvent flow from more concentrated side to low


concentrated side.

(SSC)
11) Instantaneous and average rate of a reaction.

(a) Reactant (b) Product

(SSC)

(SSC)

(SSC)
(SSC)

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