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Amith (4PS23ME009)

Bernoulli's theorem is a key principle in fluid mechanics that describes the relationship between pressure, velocity, and elevation in fluid flow, with applications in engineering and natural phenomena. It states that in steady, incompressible, non-viscous flow, an increase in velocity results in a decrease in pressure. Despite its limitations, such as assuming ideal conditions, Bernoulli's principle is crucial for designing equipment like pumps and turbines, as well as understanding various fluid dynamics scenarios.

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14 views12 pages

Amith (4PS23ME009)

Bernoulli's theorem is a key principle in fluid mechanics that describes the relationship between pressure, velocity, and elevation in fluid flow, with applications in engineering and natural phenomena. It states that in steady, incompressible, non-viscous flow, an increase in velocity results in a decrease in pressure. Despite its limitations, such as assuming ideal conditions, Bernoulli's principle is crucial for designing equipment like pumps and turbines, as well as understanding various fluid dynamics scenarios.

Uploaded by

rajeshwariprajesh494
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Title:

“Bernoulli’s Principle and Theorem – Fundamentals and


Applications”

Prepared by:
AMITH M
4PS23ME009
Course: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
(P22ME303)
1. Introduction

Bernoulli’s theorem is a fundamental principle in fluid mechanics that


explains the relationship between pressure, velocity, and elevation in a
moving fluid. First derived by Daniel Bernoulli in 1738, it has since
become a cornerstone in understanding fluid behavior in various
engineering applications. The theorem is widely used in designing
equipment like pumps, turbines, and Venturi meters, as well as in
understanding natural phenomena such as aerodynamic lift.

2. Bernoulli’s Principle

Bernoulli’s principle states that in a steady, incompressible, and


non-viscous fluid flow, an increase in velocity leads to a
decrease in pressure or potential energy. This principle is often
observed in real-world scenarios, such as:
Airplane wings creating lift.
Flow through pipes and ducts
The functioning of medical devices like nebulizers.
3. Bernoulli’s Theorem

Bernoulli’s theorem applies the principle to derive the


conservation of mechanical energy in fluid flow along a
streamline. Assumptions made include:

1. The fluid is incompressible.

2. The flow is steady.

3. The fluid is non-viscous.

4. The flow occurs along a single streamline.


Derivation .

Bernoulli theorem formula

The formula of Bernoulli’s principle is a relationship


between pressure, kinetic energy, and gravitational
potential energy of a fluid which is kept inside a container.

Bernoulli theorem formula is given as

P+1/2 ⍴×v2+⍴×g×h=constant

Here,

P = pressure exerted by fluid


P= density of fluid

V = Fluid velocity

G = Acceleration due to gravity

H = height of container

Bernoulli’s equation provides a relationship between


pressure, velocity and elevation.
Principle of Continuity
When the fluid is streamlined and incompressible, then the mass
of fluid flowing through different cross-sections is the same.
Use of Bernoulli’s Principle.
Bernoulli’s Principle has many applications. Some of the uses of
Bernoulli’s Principle are given here.
1. Bernoulli’s principle is used to examine the unsteady flow
which is applicable in the theory of ocean surface waves
and acoustics.
2. Bernoulli theorem is also used for approximation of
parameters such as pressure and velocity of the fluid.
3. Venturi meter is a device which is based on Bernoulli’s
principle and used for determining the rate of flow of liquid
through the pipes.
4. Applications

4.1 Venturi Meter


A device to measure fluid flow rates by utilizing pressure
differences.Bernoulli's equation helps relate the pressure drop to
flow velocity.

4.2 Airplane Wings


The curvature of wings causes air to travel faster on top,
reducing pressure and creating lift.

4.3 Hydraulic Machines


Pumps and turbines operate on energy conversion principles
described by Bernoulli’s theorem.

4.4 Sports
Used to explain the curved trajectory of a spinning ball in games
like cricket and football.
---

. Limitations

1. Assumes incompressible and non-viscous flow, limiting its


application to ideal fluids.

2. Neglects energy losses due to friction and turbulence in real-


world scenarios.

3. Only valid along a single streamline.

---
6. Conclusion

Bernoulli's principle and theorem are indispensable tools for


engineers and scientists in understanding and manipulating fluid
flow. From designing efficient machines to explaining natural
phenomena, their applications are vast and critical. Despite some
limitations, the theorem remains a cornerstone of fluid
mechanics, providing insights that guide advancements in
engineering and technology.

---

7. References

1. White, F.M. "Fluid Mechanics." McGraw-Hill Education.

2. Streeter, V.L., Wylie, E.B., & Bedford, K.W. "Fluid


Mechanics." McGraw-Hill.
3.Cadence Blog, "Applications of Bernoulli's Theorem.

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