Social services: Inclusive

Practice for persons with

disabilities
Accessible version for persons
with learning disabilities

September 2024

https://
www.developmentpathways.co.uk/

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Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability

Executive Summary
Persons with disabilities face many problems in their lives. These problems make
life harder for them and their families. These problems can affect all persons with
disabilities, including adults, children and older persons. They can include:

 Difficulty getting around places and taking part in social activities, like
visiting family or friends,

 Not enough support from others,

 Money problems because persons with disabilities can't find jobs easily or
have extra costs to live,

 Problems with sharing and understanding information because the

information is not in an easy to read format.

These problems can cause serious issues for persons with disabilities. These
issues include:

 being left out of society,

 other people thinking badly about persons with disabilities,

 problems with money,

 not being well in body, mind or feelings,

 Being harmed or treated badly by other people.

Social protection is important to help persons with disabilities with all these
problems and issues. Social protection has two parts: social security (money
support) and social services (services provided by the government for people
who need them).

Box 1.1 Who Provides Social Services?

Social Services offer help for persons with different disabilities at all stages of life.

 Social Workers and helpers work with families and individuals who need support to
get the services they need from the government (like home care, or living support).

 Care workers provide help to persons who may be at risk, can't take care of
themselves, or just need extra support.

Social services should pay attention to the experiences and needs of persons
with disabilities. They should focus on what is important to persons with
disabilities and their families when they use or change services.

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Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability

The purpose of this paper is to tell you about social services. It will explain what
social services do and how they help children and adults with disabilities and
their families. The paper will also tell you about things that make social services
good for persons with disabilities and what is needed to make a strong support
system that helps them.

1 What social services are

Social services are different services paid for by the government to help
a person, or a group of people, including communities. Social services
are very important for people who are struggling, upset, or in need.
Social services can be provided by the government, charities, or other
organisations.

1.1 What social services are provided

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international

agreement that protects the rights of persons with disabilities. According to the
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, social services should help
persons with disabilities feel confident and in control of their lives. This means
everyone, no matter their needs or money situation, should get information,
advice, counselling, and support to choose the right services. Social services
focus on quick, personal help and support to prevent persons with disabilities
from having problems. Social services work together with persons with
disabilities and their families to understand their needs and give support to help
them.

Social workers talk to other professionals to plan services for persons with
disabilities, their families, and communities. Everyone with a disability should be
able to access important services like healthcare, education, transport, housing,
fun activities, and job opportunities. Some examples of social services can
include:

 Finding and helping children with disabilities early,

 Home care support,
 Tools and devices to help with daily living,
 Short-term care,
 Training and support to help with daily life skills, including skills lost
because of injury or disability,
 Personal help,
 Sign language interpreters.

In a home, the person who most takes care of someone who needs help is called
a primary carer. Social services can look at the needs of caregivers to support
them. Help for caregivers includes breaks and short-term care services for
families. Social services can also help support young caregivers.

1.2 Who gives social services

People who work in social services include many government and non-
government workers and helpers who help children, young people, adults, older

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Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability

people, families, and communities. People who work in social services have
many jobs. These jobs include

 helping people who need social services directly,

 training people to work in social services,
 looking after how social services are given,
 making rules and gathering information about how to run social services
the best way,
 telling other people about why social services are important.

Social services have got better over time as societies have gotten bigger. How
social services are given can be very different in different countries. For
example, in the United Kingdom social services are usually controlled from a
main place that looks after a particular community. This is called a local
authority social services department. This department is run by government
workers who provide support to children, families and adults in a particular area.
In Brazil, many persons who work for social services are employed by important
public services.

However, there are common areas in different social services that help people at
all stages of life. This includes looking after children, supporting people with
needs related to their mind and feelings, helping older adults, and providing
services for persons with disabilities. Social services can also be important for
people with different needs, for example those who live in cities and the
countryside. Social services are also important for people who have been forced
to move from where they live, for example because of disasters or climate
change.

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Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability

Figure 1-1: Example of how Social Services are given in England

Central government
Laws | Rules and Guidance | Money support

Department of Health and Social Care

Helps leaders manage the country's health and social care so people
can live healthy, independent lives for a longer time
Helps and advises leaders: assists them in making and carrying out
plans that achieve the government's goals
Decides what to do next: looks ahead and leads discussions to
protect and improve health and social care in the country and around
the world.
Checks what is being done: makes sure the department and other
groups complete the plans and promises they made.
Guardians of the health and social care plan: ensures that laws,
money support, management, and guidance work well together
Stops and solves problems: People in England and other parts of
government expect action needed to solve difficult problems.

Social services
Local authorities
Children and Family Services: This
Local government is looks after includes support for children with
important services for people and disabilities and young people and
businesses in more than 700 areas. their families.
Some of these services include
schools, housing, and planning. Adult Services: This includes
Social Services are also part of this. services for people with disabilities
and needs related to their mind and
feelings.

2 The importance of social services for

persons with disabilities
Information and evidence shows that persons with disabilities face many
challenges. It is important to include persons with disabilities and give them
choice and control so they can live happy lives and enjoy their rights. A good
social service system acts as a safety net for people who are at risk. A safety net
is a system or support that helps protect people in difficult situations. For
persons with disabilities, it helps make sure their needs are met and respected.

Social services work with persons with disabilities and their families to
understand and support their needs. This means ensuring persons with
disabilities have their rights respected and can get the right services. Social
workers should focus on what matters most to the individual and involve them in
decisions about their lives wherever possible. Families should be included when
needed, and differences and cultural needs should be recognised. Cultural needs
refer to the specific beliefs and ways of living that are important to particular
groups of people.

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Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability

Social services help everyone reach their potential and, when possible, become
independent by connecting them with support and teaching them new skills.
Social services should address any challenges that persons with disabilities and
their families or support network face.

If persons with disabilities are at risk of being harmed or treated badly, social
services must protect them and provide the support they need. Providing
support, giving persons with disabilities choice and control, and telling others
about the needs of persons with disabilities are important parts of social
services. This means representing and supporting the views of persons with
disabilities and their families when needed.

Social services work with other professionals to provide services that meet the
needs of a person with a disability and their family where needed. They also
work together to improve disability services for everyone. Social services can
highlight bigger issues that affect people with disabilities and push for better
services. They can support human rights, address challenges, and ensure the
right services are available. They can also find gaps in services and help make
improvements, including checking how much disability is included in all
programmes and services.

‫جعل الخدمات االجتماعية شاملة لمسائل اإلعاقة‬ 3

‫ وتساهم هذه‬.‫تشير نماذج اإلعاقة إلى الطرق المختلفة التي تمكننا من فهم اإلعاقة والتفكير حيالها‬
‫ والقواعد التي‬،‫ والقوانين‬،‫ والخدمات‬،‫النماذج في تطوير الطريقة المّتبعة في المجتمع إلنشاء البرامج‬
‫ وُتحدد الخدمات االجتماعية الشاملة لمسائل اإلعاقة بناًء على‬.‫تؤثر على حياة األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‬
‫ ويفّس ر ذلك في الصورة‬.‫النهج المتبعة حيال مسائل اإلعاقة والقائمة على الحقوق االجتماعية واإلنسانية‬
3.1

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‫‪Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability‬‬

‫الصورة ‪ : 2-3‬نماذج اإلعاقة‬

‫النموذج التقليدي‬
‫‪.‬تعتبر اإلعاقة مرًضا‬
‫‪.‬وينبغي "فصل" األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة عن الحياة االجتماعية‬

‫النموذج الطبي‬
‫تقليدي ‪-‬يوجه التركيز نحو مساعدة الفرد وتقديم الدعم الطبي والخدمات‪ ،‬فضاًل عن‬
‫‪.‬مساعدته على التعافي من إعاقتها أو أي مشكلة صحية‬

‫النموذج االجتماعي‬
‫تفصل اإلعاقة عن مشاكل الفرد الصحية التي تنجم عن تواجد مشاكل في المجتمع (مثاًل‬
‫‪.‬المشاكل المتعلقة بالمنحدرات)‬
‫ويجب التخلص من العوائق االجتماعية التي توّلد اإلعاقة‪ ،‬ومنح األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‬
‫‪.‬القدرة على اتخاذ القرارات والتحكم بحياتهم‬

‫نموذج حقوق اإلنسان‬

‫‪.‬يّتبع نهج مبني على الحقوق‬
‫‪..‬ويدعو إلى تقّبل اإلعاقة ألنها إحدى الجوانب الطبيعية لالختالف بين البشر‬

‫طريقة تقديم الخدمات الشاملة لإلعاقة‬ ‫‪3.1‬‬

‫يعمل األخصائيون االجتماعيون ضمن فرق مع أخصائيين أخرين‪ .‬ويجب أن يتمكنوا من تفسير مقتضيات‬
‫دورهم ومساندة األفراد في العثور على الخدمات المناسبة لهم واالستفادة منها‪ ،‬بغض النظر عن مجال‬
‫الخدمات االجتماعية الذي يعملون ضمنه‪.‬‬

‫يجب أن تضمن جميع الخدمات أن أصوات األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة مسموعة وأن خياراتهم‬
‫محترمة‪ .‬وينبغي على الخدمات أن تقدم مساعدة لألشخاص تمّكنهم من تحقيق إمكاناتهم والحصول‬
‫على نفس الفرص المقدمة لآلخرين‪ .‬ويجب على الخدمات االجتماعية والخدمات المهمة األخرى أن تمّيز‬
‫اختالفات األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة وتجاربهم‪ .‬إضافًة إلى ذلك‪ ،‬يجب أن تعتمد نهًج ا قائًما على الحقوق‬
‫االجتماعية واإلنسانية‪ ،‬يدرك أن اإلعاقة ال تنجم فقط عن وجود إعاقات أو مشاكل صحية‪ ،‬بل عن‬
‫المشاكل الكامنة في المجتمع أيًضا‪.‬‬

‫يجب أن تساعد الخدمات االجتماعية األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة عبر منحهم القدرة على‬
‫اتخاذ القرارات والتحكم بحياتهم‪ ،‬وينبغي أن تدعم عملية إدماجهم في المجتمع‪ .‬ومن‬
‫المهم االلتزام بالرعاية الشخصية بشكٍل جّيد‪ ،‬فضاًل عن المشاركة في األنشطة اليومية‪ ،‬ومقابلة‬
‫أشخاص أخرين‪ ،‬والوصول إلى مختلف المساحات االجتماعية‪ .‬وال يجب أن يقدم الدعم لألشخاص بناًء‬
‫على سّنهم‪ ،‬أو عرقهم‪ ،‬أو نوعهم االجتماعي‪ ،‬أو قدراتهم المالية‪ ،‬بل على احتياجاتهم الفردية‪ .‬وال يجوز‬
‫أن يؤدي استخدام الخدمات االجتماعية دوًر ا في تفاقم خطر مواجهة الشخص لمشاكل مالية‪.‬‬

‫يجب على الخدمات االجتماعية الشاملة لألشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة أن ترتبط باحتياجاتهم‬
‫الفردية وتعزز تجاربهم اليومية‪ .‬ويشمل ذلك مختلف نواحي حياتهم‪ ،‬بما في ذلك الروتين اليومي‬
‫(بدًءا من لحظة االستيقاظ حتى لحظة النوم)‪ ،‬والقدرة على الوصول إلى الخدمات (مثل رعاية األطفال‪،‬‬
‫والتعليم‪ ،‬والعمل)‪ ،‬والتعديالت واألجهزة المساعدة التي تقدم لمساندتهم في حياتهم اليومية‪ .‬عالوًة على‬

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‫ذلك‪ ،‬يجب أن تساعد األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة على التنقل والمشاركة في الفعاليات القائمة في المجتمع‪.‬‬
‫وتعد الرعاية الشخصية الجيدة ضرورًة‪ ،‬وبشكٍل خاص للذين يمتلكون احتياجات صعبة‪ .‬ويجب أن‬
‫يساعدهم الدعم المقدم عبر تمكينهم من التنقل ومقابلة أشخاص أخرين والتمتع بالمساحات االجتماعية‬
‫ضمن مجتمعهم‪ .‬وتحتاج الخدمات االجتماعية مساعدات مالية كافية من الحكومات بغية تحقيق هذه‬
‫األهداف التي توفر رعاية ودعم إضافيين‪ .‬ويجب أن يلّبي هذا الدعم االحتياجات الفردية لكل شخص‪.‬‬

‫يشير التخطيط الموجه نحو الفرد إلى التخطيط الذي يضع األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة في‬
‫وسط عملية وضع الخطط المعنية بالخدمات والدعم‪ .‬ويركز على فهم الطريقة التي يرغب‬
‫األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة في عيش حياتهم والمتطلبات الالزمة لتحقيق هذه الرغبة‪ .‬ويأخذ هذا النهج بعين‬
‫االعتبار القضايا الصعبة التي تؤثر على جودة حياة الشخص‪ ،‬ويحدد الدعم الشامل الذي يلزم لمواجهتها‪.‬‬
‫وقد يتضمن هذا الدعم تأمين إيواء مناسب‪ ،‬ووظيفة‪ ،‬وفرص لالستمتاع‪ ،‬ودعم من العائلة واألصدقاء‪،‬‬
‫واحترام للمعتقدات الثقافية والدينية‪ .‬وتركز الخدمات االجتماعية على إمكانيات األفراد وتحاول تفادي‬
‫تفاقم المشاكل‪.‬‬

‫الصورة ‪ :3-3‬تخطيط موجه نحو الفرد‬

‫(‪" (Development Pathways‬مسارات التنمية"‬

‫يساعد األخصائيون االجتماعيون في حماية األشخاص األكثر عرضًة للخطر‪ .‬ويجب أن يعلم‬
‫االخصائيون االجتماعيون أن األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة هم أكثر من يتعرض لالستغالل الجنسي وإساءة‬
‫المعاملة (مثل لمس أماكن التي ال ترغب فيها)‪ .‬وبشكٍل خاص يعتبر األطفال والكبار من ذوي اإلعاقة‬
‫األكثر عرضًة للخطر‪ .‬بمعنى أخر تتمتع الخدمات االجتماعية بأهمية كبيرة في حماية احتياجاتهم وحقوقهم‬

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‫من مختلف أنواع المعاملة السيئة والعنف (بما في ذلك اإلساءة العاطفية والجسدية والجنسية‪،‬‬
‫واإلهمال‪ ،‬واالستغالل المالي)‪ .‬ويجب على الخدمات االجتماعية االنتباه والتصرف بناًء على أي مخاوف‪،‬‬
‫والتعاون مع خدمات أخرى عند الحاجة‪ .‬ويجب أن تحدد أيًض ا تدابير أمنية‪ ،‬بما في ذلك تطوير قوانين‪،‬‬
‫لضمان سالمة وصحة األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‪.‬‬

‫مجتمع مبني على اإلدماج ودور الخدمات االجتماعية‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬

‫يجب على االخصائيين االجتماعيين أن يبحثوا عن طرق لتغيير القواعد بغية تلبية احتياجات األشخاص‬
‫ذوي اإلعاقة والذين يقدمون الرعاية لهم وعائالتهم وأصدقائهم ضمن المجتمعات‪ .‬وينبغي على‬
‫االخصائيين االجتماعيين إجراء ذلك من أجل األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة القائمين في المجتمعات المحددة‬
‫‪.‬ومختلف األفراد األخرين في الدولة‬

‫وقد يتضمن دعم العائالت ومقدمي الرعاية تحديد خدمات وأنظمة بناًء على المجتمع‪ .‬بمعنى أخر‬
‫يجب تعزيز المساعدات المقدمة لعائالت األطفال والكبار من ذوي اإلعاقة حيثما يعيشون‪ .‬وقد يشمل‬
‫ذلك تقديم رعاية مبنية على العائلة‪ ،‬وتقديم أجهزة مساعدة في الحياة اليومية‪ ،‬وإجراء تعديالت في‬
‫‪.‬منازلهم تسّهل العيش فيها‬

‫يمتلك األشخاص البالغون ذوي االحتياجات حق العيش بشكٍل مستقل أو ضمن المجتمع‪.‬‬
‫بمعنى أخر يمنح جميع األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‪ ،‬بما في ذلك أولئك الذين يمتلكون احتياجات متعددة أو‬
‫صعبة‪ ،‬القدرة على اتخاذ خيارات حقيقية حول مكان سكنهم واألفراد القائمين فيه‪ .‬ويشمل ذلك تقديم‬
‫خدمات المعيشة المدعومة‪ ،‬وإجراء تعديالت في منازلهم‪ ،‬وتأسيس مراكز رعاية عالية الجودة‪.‬‬

‫يحمل التعاون مع خدمات أخرى‪ ،‬مثل الخدمات الصحية والشرطة‪ ،‬أهمية بالغة في تأمين جودة وترابط‬
‫الدعم المقدم لألشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‪ .‬وفي خالل العمل التعاوني يجب أن توجه الخدمات تركيزها نحو‬
‫تعزيز إدماج األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‪ ،‬بما في ذلك تأمين حقوقهم ومشاركتهم وإدماجهم‪ .‬ويجب أن تحدد‬
‫قواعد وخدمات شاملة لألشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة وتقدمها لهم وتتابعها‪ .‬ويمنح األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة حق‬
‫إبداء آرائهم حول هذه الخدمات‪ .‬ويحمل العمل بالتعاون مع مختلف الخدمات في طّياته تفادي تكرار‬
‫العمل‪ ،‬وتخفيض األسعار‪ ،‬واتخاذ قرارات أفضل‪ .‬ويضمن ذلك أن الدعم يصل إلى األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‬
‫‪.‬وعائالتهم‬

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‫المربع ‪ :4-3‬أمثلة حول حشد الخدمات‬

‫المعيشة المدعومة – تشير المعيشة المدعومة إلى مختلف الخدمات والترتيبات السكنية المصممة‬
‫بالتعاون مع األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة وعائالتهم‪ .‬وتمكن األفراد ذوي اإلعاقة من تحقيق استقالليتهم أو‬
‫المحافظة عليها‪ .‬وتشمل المعيشة المدعومة تقديم اإليواء‪ ،‬والرعاية الشخصية للذين يحتاجون إلى‬
‫مساعدة ولكن يفضلون عدم العيش قي منازل الرعاية‪ .‬وتقدم هذه الخدمة للذين يسكنون في منازلهم‬
‫الخاصة أو المشتركة مع شخص أو شخصين‪ .‬ويمتلك األشخاص المستفيدين من هذه الخدمة عقد إيجار‬
‫خاص بهم‪ ،‬ويتولون مهمة دفع فواتيرهم الخاصة وتأمين كلفة المعيشة‪ .‬وتغطي فوائد الحماية االجتماعية‬
‫التكاليف الخاصة بالرعاية الشخصية واإليواء‪.‬‬

‫التغييرات في المنازل – يحمل تأمين منزل مناسب ومجهز بشكٍل كاٍف أهمية بالغة لمساعدة‬
‫األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة على العيش بشكٍل جيد ومستقل‪ .‬وقد يساعد ذلك مقدمي الرعاية على االهتمام‬
‫بهم‪ .‬وقد تشمل التعديالت‪ ،‬المنحدرات والدرابزين والتغييرات التي تهدف إلى تسهيل قدرتهم على‬
‫استخدام المراحيض والحمامات‪ .‬وتشمل أيًض ا األجهزة الخاصة‪ ،‬مثل أدوات األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‬
‫البصرية‪ .‬وتمّول ميزانيات الخدمات االجتماعية أو فوائد الحماية االجتماعية عادًة عملية إجراء هذه‬
‫التعديالت‪.‬‬

‫تأسيس منازل رعاية مناسبة – يحمل تقديم الرعاية المناسبة في األماكن التي تفضي طابًعا منزلًيا‬
‫أهمية بالغة‪ .‬ويوفر هذا النوع من الرعاية فرًص ا لتطوير عالقات جيدة مع اآلخرين‪ ،‬وإجراء أنشطة ممتعة؛‬
‫ويساعد األشخاص على التواصل مع العائلة واألصدقاء‪ .‬ويضمن الوصول إلى خدمات وفرص أخرى في‬
‫المجتمع‪ .‬ويؤدي مقدمو الرعاية دوًر ا رئيسًيا في توفير المعلومات لألشخاص ذوي اإلعاقة‪ ،‬وتوليد فرص‬
‫لمشاركتهم في المجتمع‪ ،‬وتقديم الدعم العاطفي لهم‪ .‬وتمول ميزانيات الخدمات االجتماعية أو فوائد‬
‫الحماية االجتماعية عملية إجراء هذه التعديالت عادًة‪.‬‬

‫‪4 A way forward for Jordan‬‬

‫‪The main goal of any changes to social services should be to improve‬‬
‫‪the lives of the people who use them. It should support the choice, control,‬‬
‫‪and inclusion of people. This process should happen based on the voices and‬‬
‫‪experiences of persons with disabilities, giving them real choices and control. It‬‬
‫‪is very important to make sure that support is given to the services that people‬‬
‫‪with disabilities want and need.‬‬
‫‪Any changes or actions should consider the things outlined in the UN Convention‬‬
‫‪on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. They should also align with the UN‬‬
‫‪2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which emphasise‬‬
‫‪“leaving no one behind.” Persons with disabilities are mentioned in several parts‬‬
‫‪of the SDGs, highlighting their importance in achieving these goals. Both the UN‬‬
‫‪Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the UN 2030‬‬
‫‪Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are international‬‬
‫‪agreements that focus on getting inclusion for all, particularly persons with‬‬
‫‪disabilities.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability

Figure 4-5: Social value for persons with a disability

Persons with a
disability at the
centre of new
solutions to
problems, change
and service
development, to
promote choice,
independence and
Good, quick inclusion.
services with Rights and equal
strong teams to access upheld, and
achieve the right strong
outcomes organisations

Social Services
Value
Outcomes:
persons with a
disability
Opportunties for
new ideas to
Working together
address social
for the goals
challenges and a
strong environment
Stopping unequal
differences
between people;
healthy, safe and
strong communities
for all persons with
disabilities, their
families and carers.

Services for persons with disabilities must have money from government to give
the right support, be available when needed, easy to use, and not cost too much
money for the people who need them All services should work well, with clear
rules and checks to make sure this always happens. An inclusive system should
help persons with all types of disabilities without leaving anyone out. It’s
important for different services to work together.
Services should also respect different cultures and consider the needs of children
and adults with disabilities affected by emergencies, including migrants and
refugees. Migrants and refugees means people who have left their communities.
Moving persons with disabilities out of large institutions or care homes to
community-based care is working well in Jordan and is a very good example for
the region. To complete this in the best way, community-based care needs to:
 quickly adapt to people's changing needs,
 change to fit different situations or what people want,
 have different options available to choose from,
 make sure people have control over their own care and can make choices
about the support they receive.
All this should be done while making sure people stay safe.

11
Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability

Building strong social services means putting time, money and effort now to
improve the future of people who need help. It also creates good jobs and helps
the economy. Meeting the current needs of people who use social services is
important, but we should also plan for the future needs of persons with
disabilities. Improving how we understand and check disability inclusion in social
services can help with this.

12
Social Services: Inclusive Practice for Persons with a Disability

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