INTRODUCTION TO IT SYSTEMS

UNIT- 1: INTERNET SKILLS AND COMPUTER BASICS (SET-1)

2 MARK QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q. No. Question Taxonomy Marking

Level Scheme
Q 1. What is Internet? Name two common application of Internet. L1

Ans. Internet is a collection of various interconnected networks of

heterogeneous types all over the globe together. It is also referred
as network of networks. 2
Application: Communication, E-Commerce, Social Network
Q2. List four applications of internet. L1

Ans. Communication, E-Commerce, Social networking, Job-hunting. 0.5x4

Q3. Define WWW. L1

Ans. WWW stands for World Wide Web. It is an information system

where different kinds of files or resources are hoisted and uniquely 2
accessed via Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Address.
Q 4. Define URL and TCP/IP. L1

Ans. URL stand for Uniform Resource Locator. It is a Unique identifier of 1

a web resource with a specification of how to access and from
where to access it.
Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol are set of rules 1
that govern the linking of a computer system or device to the
Internet and similar computer networks.
Q5. What are the uses of Modem?
L1

Ans. Modem is the short name for hardware device Modulator-

Demodulator. It is used to convert the digital data of a computer
system to an analog signal which can travel over telephone lines 2
and vice-versa.
Q6. List out four commonly used web-browsers name. L1

Ans. Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Opera. 0.5x4

Q7. L1
What is web browser?
Ans. A web browser is a client-side application program to search and
2
retrieve information from the world wide web, available in the form
of web pages and display it on the client’s machine.

Q8. Define search engine? Give two examples of Search Engine. L1

Ans. A search engine is a software programme or a system designed to
help users find information stored on the internet or within a
specific database. 2
Example: Google, Yahoo.

Q9. What do you mean by digital India? L1

Ans. Digital India is a flagship programme of the Government of India
with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society
and knowledge economy. 2
The program envisages providing government services by electronic
means to reduce paper work and enhancing accountability.

Q 10. Define CPU? L1

Ans. CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It performs arithmetic,

logical and other operations to transform inputted data into more 2
usable information/output.

Q 11. Write the names of two input and output devices. L1

Ans. Input device: - Mouse, Keyboard. 1

Output device: - Monitor, Printer. 1

Q 12. Compare between SSD and HDD. L2

Ans.  SSD stands for Solid State Drive and HDD stands for Hard
Disk drive.
 SSD has high read/ write performance for random and
2
sequential data retrieval as compared to HDD.
 SSD is now more popular as compared to HDD in Desktops
and Laptops.

Q 13. Name two examples of impact and non-impact printer. L1

Ans.  Impact printer: Dot-matrix, Daisy wheel 1

 Non-impact printer: Inject, Laser 1

Q 14. Define ALU. L1

Ans.  ALU stands for Arithmetic and Logic Unit.

 It performs all the arithmetic & logical operations for the
2
computer system e.g., addition, subtraction, compare,
complement, shift, etc.

Q15. What is Email? Name two email service providers. L1

Ans. Email or electronic mail is a method of exchanging digital messages 1

from one electronic device to another or to many recipients using
1
the Internet.
Email Service Provider: Google, Yahoo

Q16. Compare between EPROM and EEPROM L2

Ans. EPROM EEPROM
1. EPROM stands for 1. EEPROM stands for
Erasable Programmable Electrically Erasable
Read Only Memory. Programmable Read 2
Only Memory.

2. Its content is erased 3. Its content is erased

using ultraviolet light. using electricity.

Q17. Classify the types of web search queries. L2

Ans. There are three main types of web searches:

1. Navigational: The purpose is to navigate a website that is in
the mind of the user or he/she thinks that such website
should be there or they have visited the website in past.
2. Informational: Here user’s intention is to find related about
the given search term which may be on some interlinked 2
static webpages. The purpose is to read these pages to
acquire facts about the input text.
3. Transactional: The purpose of such web queries to reach a
website where further in interaction or web-mediated
activity is performed.

Q18. Compare Primary Memory and Secondary Memory. L2

Ans. PRIMARY MEMORY SECONDARY MEMORY

1. Data can be transferred 1. Data can be transferred
from primary memory from primary memory
to processor directly. to processor directly.
2
2. It is faster than 2. It is slower than Primary
Secondary Memory. Memory.
3. It is smaller in size. 3. It is bigger in size.
 5 MARK QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q 1. What is a web browser? Discuss common features of a web browser. L2

Ans. A browser is a client-side application program to search and retrieve information

from the world-wide-web, available in the form of webpages and display it on the
client’s machine. It is also termed as “Web Browser”.
Common Browser Features:
1. Book Marking: - It is the process of storing URL for the future retrieval. With this
feature, users can store and manage web addresses of frequently visiting
websites in their browser software. 5
2. Download Management: - This is an inbuilt software tool for browsers that
allows the users to manage all the downloaded files. It displays the files in
chronological order and gives us the facility to search files by their name. We can
also browse the folder where it actually stored by ‘Show in Folder’ or ‘Open
Containing Folder’ option.
3. Password Management: - Browsers provide a facility to store usernames and
passwords of websites that requires authentication.
4. Tabbed Browsing: - It allows users to browse different websites simultaneously
on different tab windows. All these tabs reside in a single web browser window.
5. Brower History: - Browser can store all webpages visited by its user with
associated data like the page title, time of visit, etc. So that user can revisit those
webpages if necessary. All such data is stored locally on the browser.
6. Spell Checking: - This browser feature provides the capability to correct the
misspelled words.
7. Auto Update: - This feature shows the ability of a browser for self- updating.
Now a day, almost every browser is capable of auto updating.
8. Ad Blocking: - It is also termed ad filtering. Browsers having this feature are
capable of blocking or altering online advertising. Generally, it is done with help
of some browser extension.
9. Page Zooming: - It is the page level capability of the browser to zoom in or zoom
out the web content or images displayed on the webpage.
Q2. Define search engine. How does a search engine work? Explain. L2

Ans. A search engine is a software programme or a system designed to help users find
information stored on the internet or within a specific database.
How does a search engine work: -?
 Search engine aims to provide the most relevant search results in minimal time to
their users.
 The databases contain meta data and indexes of selected webpages, out of
billions of webpages across the WWW for the searching keywords. Out of selected
webpages, the most relevant webpages are displayed in search results with the
help of the ranking module.
 A search engine generally performs three functions:
1. Crawling: - Every search engine has some automated software which are
 known invariably as the bot, robot, web wanderers, spiders, Crawler or
indexer. The purpose of the spider is to traverse and scan the World Wide Web
for publicly available information.
2. Indexing: - This is a process to organize and store the results found in the
Crawling function such that they can be further processed by search engine 5
algorithm. A search engine does not store all information available on the
webpage instead it stores details like title and description of the page, date of
creation/ updating, type of content, associated search terms, links coming to
and from this webpage and other parameter required by its algorithms.
3. Ranking: - This is the process of showing results in order of their relevance.
Most relevant pages are shown first while the least one will be on after word.
This is done using the ranking algorithm of the search engine. Some
dominating ranking factors are links referring to this webpage, website age
associated keywords, speed of webpage loading, time spent on a webpage,
etc.

Q3. Explain different types of Computer Memory briefly. L2

Ans. Computer memory is one of the most important components of the computer
system. Computer memory is a vital resource that is managed by the operating
system. When the data is sent to the memory it is kept at some particular location
called to address.
Types of computer memory: -
The computer system makes use of different types of memory depending upon the
functional requirement. Depending on the direct accessibility of memory by CPU,
memories are classified as a Primary and Secondary type. 5

Primary Memory: -
 Primary memory is known as main memory or internal storage because it is
directly assessable by the CPU.
 It is used to store program instruction, data and intermittent results.
 It is made of semi-conductor devices. Due to its fast access rate and circuits
complexity, it is expensive in comparison to secondary memory.
 A computer cannot work if there is no primary memory installed into the system.
RAM, ROM, cache memory are example of primary memory.
a) Random Access Memory (RAM): -
 RAM is also known as a temporary or volatile memory because whatever data
 stored in it remains till the computer is switched ON. When the current is
switched off, all stored data will be wiped out or lost.
 RAM is the most essential element of a computer system because, without it, the
system cannot perform its tasks.
 RAM is further classified into two types:
a. Static RAM
b. Dynamic RAM
SRAM: - The word static indicates that the memory retains its contents as long as
power remains supplied.
DRAM: - DRAM is constructed of tiny capacitors that leak electricity. Designers use
DRAM because it is much denser, uses less power and generate less heat than SRAM.
b)Read Only Memory (ROM): -
 The programs stored in ROM are permanent and are not lost or erased when the
current is switched off, so it is a non-volatile memory type.
 ROM is available in different types including PROM, EPROM and EEPROM.
PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory): -
 PROM is read only memory that can be modified only once by a user. The user
buys a blank PROM and enters the desired contents using a PROM programmer.
EPROM (Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory): -
 It is programmable with the added advantage of being reprogrammable. To
reprogram an EPROM, the entire chip must first be erased.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory): -
 The EEPROM is programmed and erased electrically. It can be erased and
reprogrammed about ten thousand times. Both erasing and programming take
about 4 to 10 ms.
c)Cache Memory
Cache memory is an intermediate form of storage between primary memory and
CPU. It is used to store data that are frequently needed for execution. It is used to
increase the performance of CPU. Different types of cache memory are: Level 1(L1)
cache, Level 2(L2) cache and Level 3 (L3) cache.
L1 cache: L1 cache is the primary cache and it the fastest and costliest cache.
L2 cache: L2 cache is the secondary cache. It is slower and less expensive than L2.
Cache.
L3 cache: L3 cache is special cache which is used to increase performance of L1 and
L2. Its slowest and least expensive among L1 and L2 cache.
Secondary Memory: -
 Secondary memory is mainly used to store data permanently. It is also termed as
‘External Memory’ due to lack of direct access between CPU and the memory.
 It is a non-volatile memory; data retains even after the computer system is
switched off or electric power is disconnected.
  Examples: HDD, SSD, Floppy, CD, DVD, etc.

Q4. Explain different components of computer with block diagram? L2

Ans. A computer system is one that is able to take a set of inputs, process them and
create a set of output. This is done by a combination of hardware and software.
A computer System consists of the following functional unit.
-Input unit
-Central Processing Unit
-Memory Unit
-Output Unit

Fig:- Computer System Block Diagram

1. Input Unit: -
 Computer needs to receive data and construction in order to solve any problem.
Therefore; we need to input the data and instructions into the computers.
 The input unit consists of one or more input devices some commonly used input-devices
are: Mouse, Punched card reader, Magnetic tape readers, Etc.

 All the input devices perform the function like: -

a. Accept the data and instructions from the outside world.
b. Convert it to a form that the computer can understand.
c. Supply the converted data to the computer system for further processing.
2. CPU (Central Processing Unit): -
 The CPU consist of arithmetic and logical unit (ALU), control unit (CU) and memory
storage Unit.
 CPU is the place where the actual processing of data takes place on the execution of the
program. It is responsible for processing most of the data, turning input data into output
data.
 ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) Perform all the arithmetic and logical operations for the
computer system. It is made up of three parts:
a. Adder where the actual calculations task place.
b. Register which store the information temporarily,
c. Accumulator in which the intermittent results of the calculations are kept.
 The aim of CU is to send and receive control signals to all parts of a computer system. The
control signals are helpful in the smooth execution of instruction in the CPU,
communication over buses to memory and I/O devices.
  The instruction and data given to the computer are stored in memory or storage unit.
This data along with the program instructions are used by the CU and ALU.
3. Memory: -
 Memory is used to store data, instruction, intermittent results and information.
 The memory unit is divided into 2 parts: - Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.
 Primary memory is also known as main memory of a computer; it is a volatile memory
used by the computer to store data and instructions during processing.
 When the system is switched off, the data are lost from this memory. To store that data
permanently we used a memory i.e. secondary memory. e.g. of primary memory are:
RAM and ROM.
 Secondary Memory is also known as auxiliary memory of a computer is a permanents
memory where we store data and instructions permanently. The size of secondary
memory is very large as compared to that of the primary memory.
4. Output Unit: -
 Output unit consist of one or more output device by which result of data processing is
sent to the outside world. Example: printer, plotter, speaker, etc.
 After the computer process the data, it has to represent the result in a human
understandable from. For this purpose, we need an output device, which will accept the
result from the CPU and present to the user in a form which he/she can understand.

Q5. 5. What is Digital India. Explain its key vision areas. L2

Ans.  The digital India is a flagship programme of the government of India with a vision to
transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
 Digital India program is centred on three key vision areas as defined below: -
1. Digital infrastructure as a utility to every citizen: -
 Availability of high-speed internet as a core utility for delivery of services to citizens.
 Cardle to grow digital identity that is unique lifelong, online and authenticable to every
citizen.
 Mobile phone & bank account enabling citizen participation in digital & financial space.
 Easy access to a common service centre.
 Shareable private space on a public cloud.
 Safe and secure cyber space.
 Example: - Aadhaar, Digi-locker, DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer), E-Sign, Etc.
2. Governance and service on demand: -
 Seamlessly integrated services across departments or jurisdiction. 5
 Availability of services in real time from online and mobile platforms.
 All citizen entitlements to be portable & available on the cloud.
 Digital transformed services for improving ease of doing business.
 Making financial transactions electronic & cashless.
 Leveraging Geospatial Information System (GIS) for decision support system and
development.
 Example: - BHIM, E-PANCHAYAT, E-PATHSHALA, KISAN SUVIDHA, Etc.
3. Digital Empowerment of Citizens: -
 Universal digital literacy.
 Universally access digital resources.
 Availability of digital resources/services in Indian languages.
 Collaborative digital platforms for participative governance.
 Citizens not required to physically submit Govt. documents/certificates.
  Example: - MY GOV, AEPS, PMKVY, SMART CITTES, Etc.

Q6. Distinguish between RAM and ROM. L4

Ans. RAM ROM
 Ram stands for Random Access  ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
Memory.  It is non-volatile in nature. Its contents
 It is volatile in nature. Its are non-erased when power is turned
contents are erased when power off.
is turned off.
 Both read and write is possible in  Only read operation is possible in
RAM. ROM. 5
 It hold data/program during  Data can be stored in ROM at the time
execution. of manufacturing.
 It provides run time memory to  It does not provide run-time memory.
computer.  Types of ROM are: PROM, EPROM,
 Types of RAM are: SRAM and EEPROM.
DRAM.
Q7. Distinguish between SSD and HDD. L4
Ans SSD HDD
 SSD stands for Solid State Drive.  HDD stands for Hard Disk Drive.
 It is made of electronic  It is made of magnetic disk.
components.
 It does not contain moving part.  It contains moving part. 5
 It is faster than HDD.  It is slower than SSD.
 It is more expensive than HDD.  It is less expensive than SSD.
 It generates little or no noise.  It generates more noise often louder
noise.
 It consumes less electricity.  It consumes more electricity.