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100% found this document useful (11 votes)
30 views

Download the full PDF version of Test Bank for Introduction to Java Programming Brief Version 10th Edition Liang 0133592200 9780133592207 right away.

The document provides links to download various test banks and solution manuals for Java programming and other subjects. It includes details about specific editions and ISBNs, as well as instructions for a programming exam covering Java concepts. Additionally, it outlines course outcomes and exam questions related to object-oriented programming and GUI applications.

Uploaded by

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Name: CSCI 1301 Introduction to Programming
Covers Chapters 1-3 Armstrong Atlantic State University
50 mins Instructor: Dr. Y. Daniel Liang

I pledge by honor that I will not discuss this exam with anyone until my
instructor reviews the exam in the class.

Signed by Date

Part I. (10 pts) Show the output of the following code: (write the output
next to each println statement if the println statement is executed in
the program).

public class Test {


public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println((int)(Math.random()));

System.out.println(Math.pow(2, 3));

System.out.println(34 % 7);

System.out.println(3 + 4 * 2 > 2 * 9);

int number = 4;

if (number % 3 == 0)
System.out.println(3 * number);

System.out.println(4 * number);

int x = 943;
System.out.println(x / 100);

System.out.println(x % 100);

System.out.println(x + " is " + ((x % 2 == 0) ? "even" : "odd"));

int y = -1;
y++;
System.out.println(y);
}
}

Part II:

Write a program that prompts the user to enter the


1. (10 pts)
exchange rate from currency US dollars to Chinese RMB.
Prompt the user to enter 0 to convert from US dollars to
Chinese RMB and 1 vice versa. Prompt the user to enter the
amount in US dollars or Chinese RMB to convert it to

1
Chinese RMB or US dollars, respectively. Here are the
sample runs:

<Output>
Enter the exchange rate from dollars to RMB: 6.81
Enter 0 to convert dollars to RMB and 1 vice versa: 0
Enter the dollar amount: 100
$100.0 is 681.0 Yuan
<End Output>

<Output>
Enter the exchange rate from dollars to RMB: 6.81
Enter 0 to convert dollars to RMB and 1 vice versa: 1
Enter the RMB amount: 10000
10000.0 Yuan is $1468.43
<End Output>

<Output>
Enter the exchange rate from dollars to RMB: 6.81
Enter 0 to convert dollars to RMB and 1 vice versa: 5
Incorrect input
<End Output>

2
2. (10 pts) Write a program that prompts the user to enter an integer. If
the number is a multiple of 5, print HiFive. If the number is divisible
by 2 or 3, print Georgia. Here are the sample runs:

<Output>
Enter an integer: 6
Georgia
<End Output>

<Output>
Enter an integer: 15
HiFive Georgia
<End Output>
<Output>
Enter an integer: 25
HiFive
<End Output>

<Output>
Enter an integer: 1
<End Output>

3
Name:

Part III: Multiple Choice Questions: (1 pts each)


(Please circle your answers on paper first. After you
finish the test, enter your choices online to LiveLab. Log
in and click Take Instructor Assigned Quiz. Choose Quiz1.
You have 5 minutes to enter and submit the answers.)

1. The expression (int)(76.0252175 * 100) / 100 evaluates to .

a. 76
b. 76.0252175
c. 76.03
d. 76.02

#
2. What is y after the following switch statement?

int x = 0;
int y = 0;
switch (x + 1) {
case 0: y = 0;
case 1: y = 1;
default: y = -1
}

a. 2
b. 1
c. 0
d. -1

#
3. Assume x is 0. What is the output of the following statement?

if (x > 0)
System.out.print("x is greater than 0");
else if (x < 0)
System.out.print("x is less than 0");
else
System.out.print("x equals 0");

a. x is less than 0
b. x is greater than 0
c. x equals 0
d. None

4
4. Analyze the following code:

Code 1:

boolean even;

if (number % 2 == 0)
even = true;
else
even = false;

Code 2:

boolean even = (number % 2 == 0);

a. Code 2 has syntax errors.


b. Code 1 has syntax errors.
c. Both Code 1 and Code 2 have syntax errors.
d. Both Code 1 and Code 2 are correct, but Code 2 is better.

#
5. What is the output of the following switch statement?

char ch = 'a';

switch (ch) {
case 'a':
case 'A':
System.out.print(ch); break;
case 'b':
case 'B':
System.out.print(ch); break;
case 'c':
case 'C':
System.out.print(ch); break;
case 'd':
case 'D':
System.out.print(ch);
}

a. ab
b. a
c. aa
d. abc
e. abcd

5
#
6. What is x after evaluating

x = (2 > 3) ? 2 : 3;

a. 5
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

#
7. Analyze the following code.

int x = 0;
if (x > 0);
{
System.out.println("x");
}

a. The value of variable x is always printed.


b. The symbol x is always printed twice.
c. The symbol x is always printed.
d. Nothing is printed because x > 0 is false.

#
8. To declare a constant MAX_LENGTH inside a method with value 99.98, you write

a. final double MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;


b. double MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;
c. final MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;
d. final float MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;

#
9. Which of the following is a constant, according to Java naming conventions?

a. read
b. MAX_VALUE
c. ReadInt
d. Test

#
10. What is y after the following switch statement is executed?

x = 3;
switch (x + 3) {
case 6: y = 0;
case 7: y = 1;
default: y += 1;
}

6
a. 1
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2
e. 0

#
11. Which of the following code displays the area of a circle if the radius is
positive.

a. if (radius <= 0) System.out.println(radius * radius * 3.14159);


b. if (radius != 0) System.out.println(radius * radius * 3.14159);
c. if (radius >= 0) System.out.println(radius * radius * 3.14159);
d. if (radius > 0) System.out.println(radius * radius * 3.14159);

Please double check your answer before clicking the Submit


button. Whatever submitted to LiveLab is FINAL and counted
for your grade.

Have you submitted your answer to LiveLib?

What is your score?

7
Sample Final Exam for CSCI 1302

FINAL EXAM AND COURSE OUTCOMES MATCHING


COURSE OUTCOMES
Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to
1. understand OO concepts: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces,
abstract classes
2. use Unified Modeling Language for design, analysis, and documentation
3. develop graphical user interfaces
4. develop event-driven programs
5. use file I/O and handle exceptions
6. design and implement OO programs

Here is a mapping of the final comprehensive exam against the course outcomes:

Question Matches outcomes


1 1
2 2
3 3, 4, 5
4 6, 7
5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

1
Name: CSCI 1302 Introduction to Programming
Covers chs8-19 Armstrong Atlantic State University
Final Exam Instructor: Dr. Y. Daniel Liang

Please note that the university policy prohibits giving the exam score by email. If you need to know your
final exam score, come to see me during my office hours next semester.

I pledge by honor that I will not discuss the contents of this exam with
anyone.

Signed by Date

1. Design and implement classes. (10 pts)

Design a class named Person and its two subclasses named Student and
Employee. Make Faculty and Staff subclasses of Employee. A person has a
name, address, phone number, and email address. A student has a class
status (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior). Define the status as a
constant. An employee has an office, salary, and date hired. Define a
class named MyDate that contains the fields year, month, and day. A
faculty member has office hours and a rank. A staff member has a title.
Override the toString method in each class to display the class name
and the person's name.

Draw the UML diagram for the classes. Write the code for the Student
class only.

2
2. Design and use interfaces (10 pts)

Write a class named Octagon that extends GeometricObject


and implements the Comparable and Cloneable interfaces.
Assume that all eight sides of the octagon are of equal
size. The area can be computed using the following formula:
area = (2 + 4 / 2)* side * side

Draw the UML diagram that involves Octagon,


GeometricObject, Comparable, and Cloneable.

3
3. Design and create GUI applications (10 pts)

Write a Java applet to add two numbers from text fields, and
displays the result in a non-editable text field. Enable your applet
to run standalone with a main method. A sample run of the applet is
shown in the following figure.

4
4. Text I/O (10 pts)

Write a program that will count the number of characters (excluding


control characters '\r' and '\n'), words, and lines, in a file. Words
are separated by spaces, tabs, carriage return, or line-feed
characters. The file name should be passed as a command-line argument,
as shown in the following sample run.

5
5. Multiple Choice Questions: (1 pts each)
(1. Mark your answers on the sheet. 2. Login and click Take
Instructor Assigned Quiz for QFinal. 3. Submit it online
within 5 mins. 4. Close the Internet browser.)

1. describes the state of an object.


a. data fields
b. methods
c. constructors
d. none of the above

#
2. An attribute that is shared by all objects of the class is coded
using .
a. an instance variable
b. a static variable
c. an instance method
d. a static method

#
3. If a class named Student has no constructors defined explicitly,
the following constructor is implicitly provided.

a. public Student()
b. protected Student()
c. private Student()
d. Student()

#
4. If a class named Student has a constructor Student(String name)
defined explicitly, the following constructor is implicitly provided.

a. public Student()
b. protected Student()
c. private Student()
d. Student()
e. None

#
5. Suppose the xMethod() is invoked in the following constructor in
a class, xMethod() is in the class.

public MyClass() {
xMethod();

a. a static method
b. an instance method
c. a static method or an instance method

#
6. Suppose the xMethod() is invoked from a main method in a class as
follows, xMethod() is in the class.

public static void main(String[] args) {

6
xMethod();
}

a. a static method
b. an instance method
c. a static or an instance method

#
7. What would be the result of attempting to compile and
run the following code?
public class Test {
static int x;

public static void main(String[] args){


System.out.println("Value is " + x);
}
}

a. The output "Value is 0" is printed.


b. An "illegal array declaration syntax" compiler error occurs.
c. A "possible reference before assignment" compiler error occurs.
d. A runtime error occurs, because x is not initialized.

#
8. Analyze the following code:

public class Test {


private int t;

public static void main(String[] args) {


Test test = new Test();
System.out.println(test.t);
}
}

a. The variable t is not initialized and therefore causes errors.


b. The variable t is private and therefore cannot be accessed in the
main method.
c. Since t is an instance variable, it cannot appear in the static
main method.
d. The program compiles and runs fine.

#
9. Suppose s is a string with the value "java". What will be
assigned to x if you execute the following code?

char x = s.charAt(4);

a. 'a'
b. 'v'
c. Nothing will be assigned to x, because the execution causes the
runtime error StringIndexOutofBoundsException.
d. None of the above.

#
10. What is the printout for the following code?

class Test {

7
Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
CHAPTER III.
IN THE “INSULA.”

“Now, for a while I am as one who has cast off a nightmare,” said
Domitia to herself. “He is away—why he has attended Titus to the
Sabine land I know not, unless the Emperor could not trust him in
Rome—or may be, in his goodness he has done it to relieve me of
his presence. I will go see my mother.”

Domitia ordered her litter and bearers. She had no trinkets to put
on, save the fish of cornelian. Her mother liked to see her tricked
out, and usually when Domitia paid her a visit she adorned herself to
please the old lady,—now she could not assume jewelry as she had
lost all her articles of precious stones and metal. So she hung the
cornelian amulet about her neck.

When a Roman lady went forth in palanquin, it was in some state.


Before her went two heralds in livery, to clear the way and announce
her coming at the houses where she purposed calling, then she had
six bearers, and attendants of her own sex, carrying her scent
bottles, kerchiefs, fans, and whatever she might think it possible she
would require.

Domitia was impatient of display, but it had been imposed on her by


the Emperor. “The Flavians,” said he smiling, “must make a show in
public.”

A Roman lady was at this period expected to wear yellow hair, if she
would be in the fashion. Under the Flavians, it was a compliment to
the reigning princes to affect this color. It was true that the word
flavus meant anything in color, from mud upwards to what might be
termed yellow by courtesy. It was employed as descriptive of the
Tiber, that was of the dingiest of drabs, and of the Campagna when
every particle of vegetation was burnt up on it, and the tone was
that of the dust-heaps. But now that the parsnip-haired Flavians
were divine and all-powerful, the adjective was employed to describe
the harvest field and gold. Ladies talked of their hair as “flavan”
when it had been dyed with saffron and dusted with gold. Not to
have yellow hair was expressive of disaffection to the dynasty—so
every lady who would be in the fashion, and every husband who
wanted office, first bleached and then dyed their hair, and as hair
was occasionally thin, they employed vast masses of padding and
borrowed coils from German “fraus” to make the utmost show of
their loyalty to the august house of the divine Flavii.

Domitia dared not be out of fashion, and she was constrained to


submit to having her chestnut hair dredged with gold-dust before
she went forth on her visit. For her, conspicuously to wear her hair in
its natural color would at once have provoked animadversion, and
been interpreted as a publication, in most defiant manner, of the
domestic discord that was a topic of gossip in the saloons of Rome.

When she had entered her palanquin, she gave her orders and was
carried lightly down the sloping road into the Forum. This was
crossed, and then, drawing back the curtains of her litter, she said:—

“Eboracus, tell the fellows not to go at once to the Carinæ. I have a


fancy to see the wife of Paris the actor, in the Insula of Castor and
Pollux.”

She was playing with the fish suspended on her bosom, as she was
being conveyed down the hill, and the thought had come to her that
she had not seen Glyceria for a long time, and that now was a good
occasion as her husband—whom these visits annoyed, and who had
in fact forbidden them—was absent from Rome.
The porters at once entered the narrow, tortuous lanes, where the
lofty blocks of buildings cut off all sun and made twilight in midday.

As Domitia stepped out of her litter, she saw coming down the
street, a man much in the company of Domitian, for whom she
entertained a particular dislike. He was a very dark man, and blind;
his face was pointed, and his nose long; he ran with projecting head,
turning his sharp nose from side to side, like a dog after game. His
name was Valerius Messalinus.

One of his slaves whispered something into his ear, and he twisted
about his head, and then came trotting in the direction of the litter
of Domitia.

“Quick,” said she, “I must go in; I will not speak with that man. If he
asks for me, say I am out—out of the litter.”

She at once entered the block of lodgings, and impatiently waved


back her heralds, who would have ascended the stairs before her
and pompously announced her arrival.

Taking Euphrosyne along with her, Domitia made her way towards
the apartments of the crippled woman. But already the news had
spread that men in the im perial livery had entered the building, and
there was a rush to the balustrade to see them.

When Domitia reached the first landing, she saw that the women
and children, and such men as were there, had ranged themselves
on either side, to give her passage, every face was smiling, and lit
with pleasure, the men raised their forefingers and thumbs to their
mouths, and the women and children strove to catch her hand, or
kneeling to touch, raise and kiss the hem of her dress.

If, at one time it had caused surprise that she a rich lady, should
enter a common haunt of the poor, it was now a matter of more
than surprise, of admiration and delight—to welcome the sister-in-
law of the Emperor, one who it was whispered would some day be
herself Empress, Augusta, and an object of religious worship.

This sort of welcome always went to the heart of Domitia, and gave
her a choke in the throat.

The great people never regarded the poor, save as nuisances. An


emperor had said of the populace that it was a wolf he held by the
ears. And it was wolf-like because brutally treated, pampered as to
food given without pay, supplied with scenes of bloodshed, also
without cost, in the arena, every encouragement to work taken from
it, every demoralizing, barbarizing influence employed to degrade it.

The great people were supremely indifferent to the sufferings of the


small, provided no hospitals for the poor who were sick, no
orphanages for the homeless children—let them die—and the faster
the better,—that was one wish of the great;—then shall we be alone
on the earth with our slaves.

Had these poor people hopes, ambitions, cares, sorrows? Did they
love their wives, and hold to their hearts their cubs of children? Did
they have any desire that their children should grow up to be good
men and virtuous women? Oh, no! such rabble were not of one
blood with the rich. They had no fine feelings, they were like the
beasts; they were without human souls; and so, when the poor died
their bodies were rammed down wells contrived to contain a
thousand corpses at a time, and then heaped over with a little earth.

But Domitia had learned that it was not as supposed. Amidst the
falsity, barbarity of heart, and coarseness of mind of such as were of
the noble Roman order,—the cultured, the rich, the philosophic—
there was no sincerity, no truth. She felt happier and better after
one of these visits to the Insula in the Suburra as though her lungs
had inhaled a purer atmosphere. To the smiles and kisses and
blessings lavished on her, she answered with kindly courtesy—and
then stepped into the room of the paralyzed woman. Glyceria was as
much a cripple as when first visited. She was more wasted—some
time had passed—but she hardly seemed older, only more beautiful
in her purity, a diaphanous lamp of mother-of-pearl through which
shone a supernatural light.

Domitia drew a deep sigh.

“Glyceria,” she said, “when I come here, it is to me like seeing a


glimpse of blue sky after a day of rain, or—like the scent of violets
that came on me the first time I visited you.”

“And when you, lady, come to me, it is as though a sunbeam shone


into my dark chamber.”

“Nay, nay—no flattery from thee, or I shall hate thee. I get that till it
cloys. But tell me now, times have been better, and why has not
Paris moved into superior quarters? Surely he is in better employ
and pay than of old.”

“It is so, but only to a small degree,” answered the actor’s wife.
“Paris performs in the grand old dramas in Greek only; in those of
Æschylus and Eurypides and Sophocles, he is a tragic actor,—and—”
the poor woman smiled, “perhaps home troubles have taken the
laughter out of him. He is a sad bungler in comedy. Now the taste of
Rome is not for the masterpieces of the ancients. The people clamor
to see an elephant dance on a tight-rope, and a man crucified who
pours forth blood enough to swamp the stage—the Laureolus! that is
the piece to bring down the house. Or some bit of buffoonery and
indecency. To that the people crowd. However, we live; I hang as a
log about my Paris’s neck, but thank God, he loves his log and would
not be rid of it, so I am content.”

“But if you will suffer me to assist you,” said Domitia.

Glyceria shook her head. “No, dear lady, do not take it ill if I refuse
your kind offer, made, not for the first time. I am very happy here,
very—with these dear kind people about me, running in and out all
the day, offering their gracious good wishes, lending their ready
help. On my word, lady! I do believe that they would all be in tears
and feel it as a slight if I were to go; and for myself, I could never be
happy away from them.”

Domitia stood up and went to the door. Her heart swelled in her
bosom.

“None but the poor know,” said the cripple, “how kind, how tender
the poor are to one another. Poverty is a brotherhood—we are all of
one blood, and one heart.”

“And I—” said the great lady, looking out on the balcony with its
swarm of people, some busy, some idle, most merry—“And I—” said
she, dreamily—“I love the poor.”

“Then,” said a low firm voice, “thou art not far from the Kingdom of
Heaven.”

She turned and started.

She recollected him, that stately man with deep, soft eyes. Luke, the
Physician.

“I am not surprised,” he added, “if you be His disciple,” and he


touched the cornelian fish.

It was not strange that in this splendid lady with golden hair he did
not recognize the timid, crushed girl with auburn locks, he had seen
on the Artemis.

But the recollection of that night came back with a rush like a tidal
wave, over Domitia, and she threw forth the question, “Why did you
cut the thong?”

He did not comprehend her. She saw it, and added, “You do not
recollect me. Do you not recall when we nearly ran down the galley
of that monster Nero? On that night, we would have sent him to the
bottom of the sea, but for you,—you spoiled it all; you cut the thong
of the rudder. Why did you prevent us from doing it?”

“Because,” answered the physician, “It is written, Vengeance is


mine, I will repay, saith the Lord. It was not for you to do it. You
were not called to be the minister of His sentence.”

“I understand you not.”

“My daughter——”

“Hold!” said Domitia, rearing herself up. “Dost thou know to whom
thou addressest thyself? I—I thy daughter? I am Domitia Longina,
daughter of the great Corbulo, and—” but she would not add, “wife
of the Cæsar Domitian.”

“Well, lady,” said Luke, “forgive me. I thought, seeing that sign on
thy breast, and hearing thee say that thou didst love the poor, that
thou wast one whom, whatever thy rank and wealth and position I
might so address, not indeed as one of the Brethren, but as a hearer
and a seeker—enough—I was mistaken.”

“What means this fish?” asked Domitia, her wounded pride oozing
away at once. “I pray you forgive me. I spoke hastily.”

“The fish,” said he—

But before he could offer any explanation, Paris appeared, his face
expressive of alarm; he had seen the servants in the imperial white
below, and knew therefore whom to find in his wife’s lodgings.

He hastily saluted her and said:—

“Lady! I beseech thee to go at once. Something has occurred most


grave. Return immediately to the palace.”
“What is it? Tell me.”

“Madam, I dare not name it, lest it be untrue. To speak of it if untrue


were to be guilty of High Treason.”

“High Treason!” gasped Domitia. She knew what such a charge


entailed.

“The Cæsar Domitian has passed at full gallop through the streets,
his attendants behind him.”

“Whither has he gone?”

“To the Prætorian barracks.”

“Ye Gods!” spoke Domitia, she could not raise her voice above a
whisper. “Then the worst has happened. My light is out once more.”
CHAPTER IV.
ANOTHER APPEAL.

On reaching the street, Domitia saw at once that the aspect of the
populace was changed. Instead of the busy hum of trade, the calls
of hucksters, the laugh of the mirthful, a stillness had come on every
one; no face smiled, no voice was raised, scarcely any person
moved.

Those who had been bustling here and there stood motionless, trade
had ceased. A sudden frost had arrested the flow of life and reduced
all its manifestations to the lowest term. Such as had been running
about collected in clusters, and conversed in whispers. Blank faces
looked at Domitia as she entered her litter, with awed respect.

“Eboracus! What is the meaning of this?” asked the lady.

“Madam, I know not. None will confide what they seem to know or
to suspect.”

“Go forward,” said she, “I will visit my mother in the Carinæ. She will
know everything.”

In another moment her train was in movement, and as she passed


along, all bowed and saluted with their hands; they had done as
much previously, but without the earnestness that was now
observable. In the heart of Domitia was as it were a blade of ice
transpiercing it. She was in deadly alarm lest her surmise should
prove true.
She would not draw the curtains of her litter, but looked at
everything in the streets, and saw that all were in the same
condition of stupefaction.

On reaching the entrance to the palace occupied by her mother,


Domitia noticed another palanquin and attendants.

“The Vestal Abbess, Cornelia, is with the Lady Duilia,” said Eboracus.

“I will go in!—I know her well, and esteem her,” said Domitia.

She passed the vestibule, traversed the Atrium and entered the
Tablinum. But Longa Duilia was not there. A slave coming up, said
that she had entered with the Great Mother into a private
apartment, where she might not be disturbed.

“Well! I am no stranger. Lead the way.”

In another instant she was ushered into her mother’s presence, and
at once Duilia bowed to her with profound respect.

“Mother—what does this mean?”

“Here is the Lady Abbess, Cornelia, let me present her to your


Highness.”

“Mother—I salute the Lady Cornelia—what is this that has cast a


shadow over Rome and frightened the people as with an eclipse?”

“My dear, of course you have heard. It may be only rumor and yet,—
he was suffering when he left Rome.”

“Ye Gods! do not say so! Mother, withdraw your words of bad omen.
Naught has befallen him! It was but a slight fever.”

“So we esteemed it, but——”

“But, mother——” Domitia panted.


“The news are weighty, and concern you vastly, my daughter.”

“It is too horrible for me to think. Surely, surely, mother, it is false.”

“Hearken, my dear,—Lady Cornelia, come also to the top of the


house. It is a fine situation for seeing and hearing, and out of all
reach of eavesdroppers. I hear shouts, I hear horns blowing. Come
—speedily! let us to the house-top.”

Laying hold of Domitia and the Vestal Superior by the wrists, she
drew them with her to the roof.

The silence that had fallen on Rome had passed away, the town was
now resonant with horns and trumpets pealing from the Prætorian
camp, with the shouting of many voices from the same quarter. In
the streets, messengers were running, armed with knotted sticks,
and were hammering at the doors of Senators to summon them to
an extraordinary meeting. The clash of arms resounded, so also the
tramp of feet, as the city police marched in the direction of the
Palatine. Here and there rose loud cries, but what they signified
could not be judged.

In another moment Eboracus came out on the housetop, and


hastening to his mistress, said:—

“Madam, the Augustus—Titus, has been. The Cæsar Domitian is


proclaimed Emperor by the troops. The vigiles are hastening in
cohorts to swear allegiance.”

“I congratulate you—I congratulate you with all my heart!”


exclaimed Longa Duilia, throwing her arms round her daughter. “I
have reached the summit of my ambition. I vow a kid to Febronia for
her opportune—ahem!—but who would have thought the Roman
fever would have been so speedy in bringing us luck. Run, Eboracus,
summon the housekeeper; order the ancestral masks to be exposed,
all the boxes opened, dust the noses with the feather brush; let the
lares be garlanded. Tell Paulina to bring out the best incense, not the
cheapest this time, and I vow I will throw a double pinch on the
altar of the household gods. Who would have thought it! I—I,
mother to an empress. I would dance on the house-top, but that my
wig is not properly pinned, and might come off. I must, I positively
must embrace you again, Domitia; and you too, Cornelia, I am so
happy!—As the Gods love me! Wig pinned or not, I must dance.”

“Let us go down,” said Domitia in a hard tone.

“Come down, by all means,” acquiesced her mother. “I must see that
the Gods be properly thanked. I stepped this morning out of bed left
leg foremost.9 I knew some happiness would come to me to-day. As
the Gods love me! I’ll give a little supper. Domitia! whom shall I
invite? None of your second-class men now. There!—I thought as
much; my wig has come off. Never mind! no men can see me, and
women don’t count.”

On reaching the private apartment of the lady, Domitia said:—

“Mother—a word.”

She was white, save that a flame was kindled on each cheek-bone
and her eyes scintillated like burning coals.

“Well, my dear, I am all ears—even to my toes.”

“Mother, he murdered him. I know it—I feared there was mischief


meant, when Domitian attended him to Cutiliæ and took Elymas with
him. It was not fever that——”
“MOTHER, HE MURDERED HIM.” Page 240.

“My dear, don’t bother your head about these matters. They all do it.
We women, I thank the Gods, are outside of politics. But—well—
well, you must not say such things, not even think them. It is all for
the best in the best of worlds. I never had the smallest wish to see
behind the scenes. Always eat your meat cooked and spiced, and
don’t ask to see it as it comes from the shambles. If you are quite
positive, then I won’t throw away the kid on Febronia. It is of no use
wasting money on a goddess who really has not helped.”

“Mother,” said Domitia, her whole frame quivering with excitement;


“I am sure of it. Did not the Augustus give his daughter Julia to
Flavius Sabinus? I know that Domitian was alarmed at that. I saw it
in his looks, I heard it in his voice; his movements of hand and foot
proclaimed it. He feared a rival. He feared what the will of Titus
might be—whom he might name as his successor. Mark me, my
mother; the first to fall will be Flavius Sabinus.”

“Hist! the word is of bad omen.”

“It was of bad omen to Sabinus and to Titus alike when Julia was
given to her cousin.”

“Well, my dear,” said Longa Duilia, “I do not see that we need


concern ourselves about politics. You see,—every night, stars drop
out of the heavens; the firmament is overcrowded, and those stars
that are firmest planted elbow out the weakest. It is their way in
heaven, and what other can you expect on earth? Of course, it were
much to be desired—and all that sort of thing; but we did not make
the world, neither do we rule it. All eggs in a nest do not hatch out,
some addle.”

“Mother, I will not go back to him.”

“Folly! you cannot do other.”

“I will not. My condition was bad enough before, it will be worse


now.”

“Domitia, set your mind at rest. I have no doubt that there have
been little unpleasantnesses. Man and wife do not always agree.
Your poor father would not be ruled by me. If he had—ah me!—
Things would have been very different in Rome. But he suffered for
his obstinacy. You must be content to take things as you find them.
Most certainly it would be better in every way if peacocks had eyes
on both sides of their tails, but as they have not, only very silly
peacocks turn about and expose the eyeless side. Make the best of
matrimony. It is not many marriages are like young walnuts, that
you can peel off the bitter and eat only the sweet. In most, the skin
adheres so tightly that you have to take the sweet with the gall, and
be content that there is any sweet at all.”

“I shall go away. I will not return to the palace.”

“Go whither? the world belongs to Domitian. There is not a corner


where you can hide. There are officials, and when not officials—
spies. I have no doubt that the fish in that tank put up their heads
and wish they were butterflies to soar above the roof and get away
and sport among the flowers, instead of going interminably about
the impluvium. But, my dear, they can’t do it, so they acquiesce in
tank existence. Yours is the finest and best lot in the world,—and
you would surrender it! From being a lioness you would decline to
be a house cat!”

Domitia turned abruptly away, tears of anger and disappointment


were in her eyes.

She said in a muffled voice:—

“Lady Cornelia, will you come with me?”

“I am at your service,” answered the Vestal.

The ladies departed together, and at the portal each entered her
own litter.

“To the Atrium Vestæ,” said Domitia.


Her retinue started, and a moment after followed that of the Vestal
Cornelia.

The streets were full of excited multitudes, currents running up one


side, down another, meeting, coming to a standstill, clotting, and
choking the thoroughfares, then breaking up and flowing again.

If it had not been for the liveries of the two heralds, the palanquin of
Domitia could not have got through, but when it was observed
whose litter and servants were endeavoring to make way, the crowd
readily divided, and every obstacle gave way immediately. But the
Vestal Superior needed not that the Cæsar’s wife should open the
road for her. As much respect was accorded to her as to Domitia.

Both trains, the one following immediately after the other, entered
and traversed the Forum, passed the Temple of Julius, and at the
south extremity reached the Atrium of the Vestal Virgins, a long
building without a window, communicating with the outer world by a
single door.

At this door Domitia descended from her litter, and awaited the
Abbess.

Cornelia also stepped from her litter. She was a tall and stately lady
of forty years, who had once been beautiful, but whose charms were
faded. She smiled—

“You will pay me a visit, as you go your way? that is a gracious


favor.”

“A lengthy visit,” said Domitia.

“Time will never seem long in your sweet society,” answered the
Vestal and taking Domitia’s hand led her up the steps to the
platform.
No sooner was Domitia there, than she ran to the altar of the
Goddess on which burned the perpetual fire, within a domed
Temple, and clasped it. Cornelia had followed her, and looked at her
with surprise.

“I claim the protection of the Goddess,” said Domitia. “I will not


return to the palace! I will be free from him.”

Cornelia became grave.

“If your Goddess has any might, any grace, she will protect me. Do
you fear? Have you lost your rights? I claim them.”

“Be it so,” said the Abbess. “None have appealed to the Goddess in
vain, none taken sanctuary with her, who have been rejected. She
will maintain your cause.”
CHAPTER V.
ATRIUM VESTÆ.

When the Romans were a pastoral people at Alba, then it was the
duty of the young girls to attend to the common hearth and keep
the fire ever burning. To obtain fresh fire was not always possible,
and at the best of times not easy.

Fire was esteemed sacred, being so mysterious, and so


indispensable, and reverence was made to the domestic hearth
(hestia) as the altar of the Fire goddess.

When the Roman settlement was made on the banks of the Tiber,
one hut of a circular form was constituted the central hearth, and
provision was made that thence every household should obtain its
fire. This hut became the Temple of Hestia or Vesta, and certain girls
were set apart to watch the fire that it should never become
extinguished.

This was the origin of the institution of the Vestal Virgins, an


institution which lasted from the founding of Rome in B. C. 753, to
the disestablishment of Paganism, and the expulsion of the last
Vestal, in A. D. 394, nearly eleven hundred and fifty years.

No girl under six or above ten years of age was admissible as


priestess of the sacred fire, and but six damsels were allowed,—their
term of service was thirty years, after which the Vestal was free to
return home and to marry. The eldest of the Vestals was termed
Maxima, and she acted as superior or abbess over the community.
They enjoyed great possessions and privileges and were shown the
most extraordinary respect. Seats of honor were accorded to the
Vestals in the theatres, the amphitheatre and the circus.

The Vestals had other duties to perform beside that of maintaining


the perpetual fire. They preserved the palladia of Rome, those
mysterious articles on which the prosperity, nay, the very existence
of the city was thought to depend. What these were was never
known. The last Vestal carried them away and concealed them. With
her death the secret was lost. Moreover, they took charge of the
wills of great men, emperors and nobles, and in times of civil war
they mediated between the conflicting parties.

Cornelia gently detached the hands of Domitia from the altar of


Vesta, and led her within the college of the Vestals, the only door to
which opened on the platform on which stood the Temple.

On entering, she found herself in an oblong court surrounded on all


four sides by a cloister, the prototype of those to be in later days
erected in the several convents and abbeys, and collegiate buildings
of Christendom. In the open space in the midst was the circular
treasury of the palladia, at one end was the well whence the virgins
drew their water. The cloister was composed of marble columns, and
sustained an upper gallery, also open to the court but roofed over
and the roof supported on columns of red marble.

Between the columns below and above stood statues of the


Superiors, who had merited commemoration. There was no garden,
the place for walking was the cloister.

Cornelia conducted Domitia into the reception-chamber, and kissing


her said:—

“Under the protection of the Goddess you are safe.”

“I trust I in no way endanger your safety.”


“Mine!” Cornelia laughed. “There is none above me save the
supreme pontiff, and so long as I do no wrong, no one can molest
me. But tell me—what wilt thou do?”

“In the first place send out and bid my servants return home; and if
they ask when to come for me, answer, when I send for them.”

“That is easily done,” said the Abbess. She clapped her hands and a
slave girl answered and received this commission.

“Now,” said she, “now we come to the real difficulty. Here you are,
but here you cannot tarry for long. For six days we may accord
sanctuary, but for no more. After that we must deliver over the
person who has taken refuge with us if required.”

“I have for some time considered what might be done. I have been
so miserable, so degraded, so impatient, that I have racked my brain
how to escape, and I see but one course. When we were at
Cenchræa, my mother and I, we were in the house of a Greek client
of our family, who was very kind to us, and his wife loved me well. If
I could escape thither in disguise, then I think he would be able to
secrete me, there are none so astute as are the Greeks, and who so
love to outwit their masters.”

“But how is this possible?”

“That I know not—only let me get away from Rome, then trust my
craft to enable me to evade pursuit. Let it be given out that I am
here in fulfilment of a vow, then no suspicion will be roused, and I
can take my measures.”

“It is not possible,” said Cornelia in some alarm. “Have you


considered what your mother said? the Augustus is all-seeing and
all-powerful, and has his hand everywhere.”

“Get me out of Italy, and I shall be safe. I will not return to the
Palatine. If my life was hateful to me before, what will it be made
now? Then he had some fear of his father and of his brother, now he
has none to fear.”

The Vestal said, “Let me have time to think this over—and yet, it
doth not seem to me feasible.”

“Get me but a beggar’s suit, and walnut juice, that I may stain my
face and hands and arms. I will wash all this gold-dust from my hair
—and I warrant you none will know me, with a staff and a wallet, I
will go forth, right willingly. I will not return to him.”

“That is impossible. You—with your beauty—your nobility——”

“My nobility is of no account with me now.”

“You think so, and so it may be whilst untouched, but I am certain


the least ruffle would make your pride flash out.”

Domitia remembered her resentment at the physician’s apparent


familiarity.

“Well—my beauty will be disguised.”

“That nothing can conceal.”

“Oh! do not speak thus, or I shall mistrust you, as I mistrust every


one else—except my slave Euphrosyne, and Eboracus, and Glyceria
the actor’s wife. These seem to me the only true persons in the
world. I would cast myself on them, but two are slaves and the
other is paralyzed. Consider now, Cornelia, do you not understand
how that one may reach a condition of mind or soul, call it which
you will, when we become desperate. One must make an effort to
break away into a new and free and better life, or succumb and
become bad, and dead to all that is noble and true and good, hard
of heart, callous to right and wrong. I am at that point. I know, if I
were to return to him, and to be Empress of the Roman world, that I
should have but one thing to live for—the pride of my place and the
blazoning of my position; and to all that which lies deep within me,
bleeding, crying out, hungering, and with dry lips—dead.”

“My dear lady, you were never made for what you are forced to
become.”

“Then, why do the Gods thrust me on to a throne that I hate, tie me


to a man that I loathe, surround me with a splendor that I despise.
Tell me why? O Vesta! immaculate Goddess! how I would that I had
been as one of thy consecrated virgins, to spend my days in this
sweet house, and pure, peaceful cloister! Do you see? I must away. I
am lost to all good—if I remain. I must away! it is my soul that
speaks, that spreads its hands to thee, Cornelia! save me!”

She threw herself on her knees and extended her arms to the Vestal
Abbess, caught her dress and kissed it.

Cornelia was deeply moved,

“I beseech you, rise,” she said, lifting the kneeling suppliant, clasping
her in her arms, and caressing her as a child.

“Hearken to me, Domitia, I can think but of one person that can
assist us; that is my cousin Celer. He is a good man, and whatever I
desire, he will strive to execute as a sacred duty. Yet the risk is
great.”

“I pray you!—I pray you get him to assist me to escape.”

“He must furnish you with attendants. It will not be secure for you to
be accompanied by any of your own servants. They might be traced.
Celer has got a villa. Stay, I will go forth at once and see him. He
can give counsel. Do nothing till my return.”

The Vestal Great-Mother left, and Domitia was glad to be alone.


The habitation of the Vestals was wonderfully peaceful, in the midst
of busy, seething Rome, and in the centre of its greatest movement.
As already said, it had no windows, and but one door that opened
on the outer world. It drew all its air, all its light, from the patch of
sky over the central court. Figures of Vestals glided about like spirits,
and the white statues stood ghostlike on their pedestals.

But to be without flowers, without a peristyle commanding a


landscape of garden and lake and trees and mountains! That was
terrible. It would have been an unendurable life, but that the Vestal
college was possessed of country seats, to which some of the elder
of the sisterhood were allowed occasionally to go and take with
them some one or two of the novices.

Although there were no flowers in the quadrangle, there was


abundance of birds. In and out among the variegated marbles,
perching on balustrades, fluttering among the statues, were
numerous pigeons, as marbled in tint as the sculptured stonework,
and looking like animated pieces of the same; and a tame flamingo
in gorgeous plumage basked himself, then strutted, and on seeing a
Vestal approach hopped towards her. When, moreover, the same
maiden drew water from the well, the pigeons came down like a fall
of snow about her, clustering round the bucket to obtain a dip and a
drink.

Several hours passed. At length the Abbess returned. She at once


sought Domitia, who rose on her entry. Cornelia took both her hands
within her own and said:—

“We women are fools, that is what Celer said, when I told him your
plan. As he at once pointed out, it is impossible for you to lie hid
anywhere in Italy—and impossible to escape from it, unknown to the
Augustus. Any one endeavoring to assist you to escape would lose
his life, most assuredly. ‘I cannot sell smoke to a clown,’ said he
bluntly—he is a plain man—‘I will not put out a finger to assist in
such an attempt, which would bring ruin on us all. But,’ he said, ‘this
may be done; let the Lady Domitia retire to one of her own villas, in
the country, and commit the matter to the Vestals. Your entreaty is
powerful, and if attended by two of the sisters—or perhaps better
alone, for this is not a matter to be made public—go to the prince,
and plead in the lady’s name, that thou feelest unequal to the
weight of duties that will now fall on the Augusta, and that thy
health is feeble and thou needest repose and country air—then he
may yield his consent, at least to a temporary retreat.’ But my
kinsman Celer advised nothing beyond this. In very truth, nothing
else can be done. Most men’s noses are crooked,—he said—and he
is a blunt man—and those who have straight ones do not like to
follow them. But in your case, Lady Domitia, there is practically no
other way.”

“Then I will to Gabii,” said Domitia with a sigh. “If he will force me
back—there is the lake.”

Then, said Cornelia, “Dost thou know that blind-man Messalinus?”

“Full well—he hangs on to the Cæsar Domitian, like a leech.”

“Since thou didst enter the house of us Vestals, he hath been up and
down the Via Nova and the Sacred Way, never letting this place out
of his eye—blind though he be. Some say he scents as doth a dog,
and that is why he works his head about from side to side snuffing
the wind. When I went forth he detached two of his slaves to follow
—and they went as far as myself and stood watching outside the
door of the knight Celer, and when I came forth they were still there,
and when I returned to the Atrium of Vesta, I found Messalinus
peering with his sightless eyes round the corner. But, I trow, he sees
through his servants’ eyes.”

“He is a bird of ill omen,” said Domitia, “a vulture scenting his prey.”
CHAPTER VI.
FOR THE PEOPLE.

Domitia was at Gabii. Cornelia, the Vestal Great Mother had sent her
thither in her own litter, and attended by her own servants, but with
the assistance of the knight Celer, who had gone before to Gabii to
make preparations.

Gabii had none of the natural beauties of Albanum, but Domitia


cared little for that. It was a seat that had belonged to her father
and here his ashes reposed. The villa was by no means splendid; but
then—nor had been that of Albanum when she was first carried
thither. Domitian had bought it immediately after the proclamation of
his father, and it had then been a modest, but very charming country
residence. Since then, he had lavished vast sums upon it, and had
converted it into a palace, without having really improved it thereby.
To Albanum he had become greatly attached; to it he retired in his
moody fits, when resentful of his treatment by his father, envious of
his brother, and suspicious of his first cousin Sabinus. There he had
vented his spleen in harassing his masons, bullying his slaves, and in
sticking pins through flies.

But if Gabii was less beautiful and less sumptuous, it had the
immeasurable advantage of not being occupied by Domitian. There,
for a while, Domitia was free from his hateful society, his
endearments and his insults, alike odious to her.

And she enjoyed the rest; she found real soothing to her sore heart
in wandering about the garden, and by the lake, and visiting familiar
nooks.
Only into the temple of Isis she did not penetrate, the recollection of
the vision there seen was too painful to be revived.

On the third day after she had been in the Gabian villa, Celer came
out from Rome. He was a plain middle-aged man with a bald head,
and a short brusque manner, but such a man as Domitia felt she
could trust.

He informed her that Cornelia had been before the Augustus and
had entreated him to allow his wife to absent herself from the
palace, and from his company. She had made the plea that Domitia
Longina was out of health, overstrained by the hurry of exciting
events, and that she needed complete rest.

“But I demand more than that,” said she.

“Madam, more than that, my cousin, the Great Mother, dared not
ask. The prince was in a rough mood, he was highly incensed at
your having withdrawn without his leave, and he saw behind
Cornelia’s words the real signification. He behaved to her with great
ill-humor, and would give no answer one way or the other—and that
means that here you are to remain, till it is his pleasure to recall
you.”

“And may that never be,” sighed Domitia.

“The Augustus is moreover much engaged at present.”

“What has he been doing? But stay—tell me now—is there news


concerning Sabinus?”

“Ah lady! he has been.”

“I knew it would be so. On what charge?”

“The Augustus was incensed against him, because under the god
Vespasian he had put his servant in the white livery, when Flavius
Sabinus was elected to serve as consul for the ensuing year.
Unhappily, the herald in announcing his election gave him the title of
Emperor in place of consul, through a mere slip of the tongue. But it
was made an occasion of delation. Messalinus snapped at the
opportunity, and at once the noble Sabinus was found guilty of High
Treason, and sentenced to death.”

“And what has become of Julia, daughter of the god Titus, the wife
of Sabinus?”

“She has been brought by the Augustus to the Palatine.”

Next day, the slave Euphrosyne arrived. She had been sent for by
Domitia, and was allowed to go to her mistress. She also brought
news.

The town was in agitation. It was rumored that the Emperor was
about to divorce Domitia, and to marry his niece.

“It would be welcome to me were this to take place,” said Domitia.


“Come, now, Euphrosyne, bring me spindle and distaff, I will be as a
spinster of old.”

So days passed, occasionally tidings came from Rome, but these


were uncertain rumors. Domitia was enjoying absolute peace and
freedom from annoyance in the country. And she had in Euphrosyne
one with whom she talked with pleasure, for the girl had much to
say that showed novelty, springing out of a mind very different in
texture from that usual among slaves.

“It is a delight to me to be still. Child!—I can well think it, after a


toilsome and discouraging life, it is pleasant to fold the hands, lay
the head on the sod, and go to sleep, without a wish to further keep
awake.”

“Yes, when there is a prospect of waking again.”


“But even without that, is life so pleasant that one would incline to
renew it? Not I for one.”

Domitia looked up at the fresco of the Quest of Pleasure, and said


—“Once I wondered at that picture yonder, and that all pleasure
attained should resolve itself into a sense of disappointment. It is
quite true that we pursue the butterfly, after we have ceased to
value it, but that is because we must pursue something, not that we
value that which is attained or to be attained.”

“Ah, lady, we must pursue something. That is in our nature—it is a


necessity.”

“It is so; and what else is there to follow after except pleasure?”

“There is knowledge.”

“Knowledge! the froth-whipping of philosophers, the smoke clouds


raised by the magicians, the dreams and fancies of astronomers—
pshaw! I have no stomach for such knowledge. No! I want nothing
but to be left alone, to dream away my remainder of life.”

“No, lady, that would not content you. You must seek. We are made
to be seekers, as the bird is made to fly, and the fish to swim.”

“If we do not seek one thing, we seek another, and in every one,
find—what the pinched butterfly is—dust.”

“No, mistress, not if we seek the truth. The knowledge of the truth,
the Summum Bonum.”

“But where, how are we to seek it?”

“In God,” answered the slave.

“The Gods! of them we know only idle tales, and in place of the
tales, when taken away, there remains but guesswork. There again—
the pinch of dust.”

“Lady, if we are created to seek, as the fish to swim, there must be


an element in which to pursue our quest, an end to attain. That is
inevitable, unless we be made by a freakish malevolent power that
plants in us desire that can feed only on dust, ever, ever dust. No,
that cannot be, the soul runs because it sees its goal—”

“And that?—”

A bustle, and in a moment, in sailed Longa Duilia, very much


painted, very yellow in hair, and with saffron eyelashes and brows.

“Little fool!” said the mother. “Come, let me embrace thee, yet
gently lest you crumple me, and be cautious of thy kisses, lest thou
take off the bloom of my cheek. Thou art ever boisterous in thy
demonstrations. There, give me a seat, I must put up my feet. As
the Gods love me! what a hole this Gabii is! How dingy, how dirty,
how shabby it all looks! As the Gods—but how art thou? some say
ill, some say sulky, some say turned adrift. As the Gods love me!
that last is a lie, and I can swear it. The Augustus distills with love,
like a dripping honeycomb. You must positively come back with me.
I have come—not alone. Messalinus is with me—a charming man—
but blind, blind as a beetle.”

“What, that fourfolder!”10

“Now, now, no slang! I detest it, it is vulgar. Besides, they all do it,
and what all do can’t be wrong. One must live, and the world is so
contrived that one lives upon another; consequently, it must be
right.”

“Well have the Egyptians represented the God who made men as a
beetle—blind, and this world as a pellet of dung rolled about blindly
by him.”
“My dear, I am not a philosopher and never wish to be one. Come,
we have brought the Imperial retinue for taking you back.”

“Whither? To your house in the Carinæ?”

“Oh, my Domitia! How ridiculous! Of course you go to the Palatine,


to your proper place. My dear, you will be proclaimed Augusta, and
receive worship as a divinity. The Senate are only pausing to
adjudge you a goddess, to know whether the Emperor intends to
repudiate you or no. It is absolutely necessary that you come back
with me.”

“My godhead is determined by the question whether I be divorced or


not!” exclaimed Domitia contemptuously. “I cannot go with you,
mother.”

“Then,” said Duilia, looking carefully about, “that jade, big-boned


and ugly as a mule—you know to whom I refer, will get the upper
hand, and your nose will be broken.”

“Mother, I ask but to be left alone.”

“I will not suffer it. By my maternal authority——”

“Alas, mother! I have passed out of that—I did so at my marriage.”

“Well then, in your own interest.”

“If I consider that I remain here.”

“Avaunt nonsense! Your position, your opportu nities! Just think!


There is cousin Cnæus must be given a help up. He is a fool—but
that don’t matter, you must get him a proconsulship. Then there is
Fulvia, you must exert yourself to find her a wealthy husband. As the
Gods love me! you can push up all your father’s family, and mine to
boot. Come, get the girls to dress you becomingly and make haste.”
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