Scribd
Upload
4 views

Allotropes

Allotropes are different crystalline forms of the same element, with graphite, diamond, graphene, Buckminsterfullerene, and nanotubes being notable forms of carbon, each with unique properties and uses. Silicon is a brittle, metallic lustrous semiconductor and the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, commonly found as silica. Glass is a transparent, non-crystalline material made from raw materials like sand, soda ash, and limestone, with various types including annealed, heat strengthened, toughened, and laminated glass.

Uploaded by

loimomo349
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Allotropes

Allotropes are different crystalline forms of the same element, with graphite, diamond, graphene, Buckminsterfullerene, and nanotubes being notable forms of carbon, each with unique properties and uses. Silicon is a brittle, metallic lustrous semiconductor and the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, commonly found as silica. Glass is a transparent, non-crystalline material made from raw materials like sand, soda ash, and limestone, with various types including annealed, heat strengthened, toughened, and laminated glass.

Uploaded by

loimomo349
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Allotropes -

Allotropes are different crystalline forms of the same element.


Or
One or more forms of a chemical element that can exist in the same physical
state.

Properties of graphite:
I: Graphite is soft, slippery to touch and opaque.
II: It also has a metallic lustre, so good conductor of both heat and electricity.
III: It can act as a dry lubricant for machines at high temperatures where we cannot use oil.
IV: The layers are held with weak van der walls forces and the layers are stacked over each other.
V: Each carbon has three covalent bonds and planar structure.
Uses: Used in pencil leads.
Properties of diamond:
I: Diamond is the hardest mineral found on earth.
II: Graphite can become diamond under high pressure and temperature.
III: Diamond is a good conductor of heat but an electricity insulator.
IV: Each carbon has four covalent bonds and follows a cubic structure.
Uses: Jewellery, diamond knifes are used in eye surgery.

Properties of graphene:
I: Most reactive form of carbon.
II: For a given amount of material, graphene conducts electricity and heat much better than graphite.
Uses: In LCD

Properties of Buckminsterfullerene (C60):

I: The molecule has the shape of football (soccer ball).


II: The carbon atoms are arranged at the corners of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons.
III: It is more reactive than graphite or diamond.
IV: It is a poor conductor of electricity compared with graphite.
Uses: Genes and drug carrier

Properties of Nanotubes:
I: Fullerene of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms like a single layer of graphite bent into the form of a cylinder.
II: They have very high melting points and high tensile strength.
Uses: In tiny electrical circuits as wires and as electrodes in paper thin batteries.

➢ Silicon and it’s properties-

• Silicon is a solid, brittle, crystalline material with a metallic lustre.


• It is a semiconductor.
• The second most abundant element in the earth’s crust.
• Usually found in nature (SiO2) also known as silica or quartz.

➢ GLASS-
Glass is an inorganic solid and non-crystalline material that is transparent in appearance.

Raw materials-
• Sand (SiO2)
• Soda ash (Na2CO3)
• Limestone (CaCO3)

Types-
• Annealed glass (simplest form)
• Heat strengthened glass -Used in glass doors, shower and tubs.
• Toughened glass- Used in mobile screen guards also known as tampered glass.
• Laminated glass-Used in automotive industry.

You might also like