PHINMA-UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN

DAGUPAN CITY
FINAL EXAM FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRINCIPLE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN
INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions.
MARK ONLY ONE ANSWER for each item by shading the letter of your choice. You
may use a pen or a pencil. Strictly no erasures. GOOD LUCK.

NOTE: A times B is represented by A*B or AxB. A raised to the power n may be

expressed as A^n.

Situation #1

A beam has a width of 300 mm and total depth of 600 mm strength f’c=36 MPa.
Steel yield strength fy=415 MPa The section is to be reinforced for tension
only and the effective concrete cover is 65 mm.

1. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of our balanced steel
ratio?
A. 0.00370
B. 0.03456
C. 0.02860
D. 0.03522
2. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of our balanced
distance of the outer most fiber of compression fiber to our neutral axis?
A. 313.256 mm
B. 354.68 mm
C. 333.333 mm
D. 322.435 mm
3. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of our balanced depth
of compression block?
A. 248.412 mm
B. 266.2676 mm
C. 301.478 mm
D. 281.261 mm

Situation #2
A beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 480 mm strength f’c=34
MPa. Steel yield strength fy=415 MPa The section is to be reinforced for tension
only and the effective concrete cover is 70 mm. Deadload moment is 140 kN-m and
the liveload moment is 180 kN-m. Use 2010 NSCP with 𝜀𝑡 = 0.005

4. What is the governing steel ratio?

A. 0.0211
B. 0.0208
C. 0.00337
D. 0.00352
5. What is the maximum number of bars needed for a 25mm diameter
reinforcements.
A. 6
B. 7
C. 1
D. 2

PREPARED BY ENGR. MARK JEXTER A. SIBAYAN

 6. What is the minimum number of bars needed for a 25mm diameter
reinforcements.
A. 6
B. 7
C. 1
D. 2

Situation #3

A reinforced concrete beam is to be designed by the Strength Design Method of

the Code has a width of 300mm and an effective depth of 520 mm. Use fc’ = 21
MPa, fy = 415 MPa and strength reduction factor of 0.90. Use effective cover of
65 mm. Factored moment is 400 kN-m. Neglect displaced are of concrete. Use
𝑓′𝐶 3 𝑑
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1 (8) ( 𝑑𝑡 )
𝑓𝑦

7. Determine the depth of compression block to be used.

A. 165.75
B. 156.57
C. 175.76
D. 157.l65
8. Determine the area of compression steel reinforcements (if any).
A. 310.178
B. 298.967
C. 123.456
D. Compression steel not needed
9. Determine the area of tension steel reinforcements.
A. 229
B. 2138.76
C. 2437.76
D. 2073.76

Situation #4

A T-beam section resulted from monolithic construction of the beam and slab is
reinforced with 3 − 28∅ 𝑚𝑚 top bars and 5 − 28∅ 𝑚𝑚 bottom bars. The effective
depth flange width is 1200 mm and the uniform slab thickness is 110 mm. Width
of the beam is 350 mm, total depth of the T-beam section is 590 mm. The centroid
of the steel is 70 mm from the extreme concrete fiber. Concrete strength f’c=21
MPa and steel strength fy= 415 MPa. Use U=1.2D+1.6L

10. Calculate the nominal strength of the beam if the steel is placed
below.
A. 589 C. 568
B. 489 D. 626

11. Calculate the nominal strength of the beam if the steel is placed
below.
A. 350 C. 430
B. 320 D. 280

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 12. Calculate the nominal shear strength that must be provided by the
stirrups if it is subjected to a factored shear of 210 kN.
A. 280
B. 142
C. 247
D. 139

Situation #5

Refer to figure CCM-10.05 and RC-02 for simplified calculation for shear.
Given:
bxh = 400mm x 600mm
Ast = 8-32mmφ bars
Clear cover to 12mmφ lateral ties = 40mm
Concrete (normal weight), fc’ = 28 MPa
Steel fy = fyt = 415 MPa
Shear strength reduction factor = 0.75
Due to reversal lateral force, the design axial load due to combined effect of
DL, LL, and WL change as follows:
For WL to the (+)X direction: Mu=-420 kN-m; Vu=+370kN; Nu=+580 kN
For WL to the (-)X direction: Mu=+420 kN-m; Vu=-370kN; Nu=-450 kN

13. Determine the concrete nominal shear strength for the (+) x-
direction of WL using simplified calculation.
A. 224
B. 261
C. 188
D. 294
14. Determine the concrete shear strength (kN) for the positive negative
x direction of WL by simplified calculation
A. 0
B. 238
C. 212
D. 178
15. Calculate the required spacing of shear reinforcement. Apply code
provision on spacing limits of reinforcement where applicable
A. 260
B. 130
C. 150
D. 300

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 16. Which of the following is not true about designing a section?
A. We are solving the design capacity of the section.
B. We are solving the number of bars.
C. We are solving for the depth of the beam.
D. We are solving for the area of reinforcements.

17. At strain of 0.004, what will be the value of our maximum steel
reinforcement ratio?
𝑓′ 𝐶 3
A. 𝜌 = 0.85𝛽1 (8)
𝑓𝑦
𝑓′ 𝐶 3
B. 𝜌 = 0.85𝛽1 (7)
𝑓𝑦

C. 𝜌 = 0.75𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙
0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 2𝑅𝑛
D. 𝜌 = (1 − √1 − )
𝑓𝑠 0.85𝑓′ 𝐶

Situation #6

The section shown in the figure is reinforced with

8-20 mm diameter bars, locate its plastic centroid
from the right face of the section. Use f’c = 35
MPa, and fy = 420 MPa, all dimensions are in mm.

18. Geometric Centroid from the left face.

A. 254.54 mm
B. 326.52 mm
C. 225 mm
D. 195.46 mm
19. Plastic Centroid from the right face.
Neglect the displaced area of concrete.
A. 254.54 mm
B. 326.52 mm
C. 225 mm
D. 195.46 mm
20. Determine the moment , Mu induced by an axial load, Pu=811 kN
applied 500mm from the left face of the section.
A. 199.33 kN-m
B. 199.07 kN-m
C. 246.98 kN-m
D. 246.72 kN-m

Situation #7

A reinforced concrete column carry an axial load of 875 kN dead load and 1150
kN live load. Use 𝑓′𝑐 = 27.6 MPa, 𝑓𝑦 = 415 MPa and 𝜌 = 0.04. See figure SMMR7.5. Use
NSCP 2010.
1. Determine the diameter of the column.

A. 425 mm C. 380 mm
B. 430 mm D. 390 mm

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 22. Determine the required diameter of main bars.
A. 25 mm C. 20 mm
B. 28 mm D. 32 mm

23. Which of the following most nearly gives the required number of vertical
reinforcing bars if it is to be distributed equally on all sides if the
column is transformed in a 400x400 mm concrete column is to carry axial
service loads of 850 kN dead load and 680 kN live load. f’c = 21 MPa amd
fy=415 MPa. It is to be reinforced with 20 mm vertical bars. Use
U=1.2D+1.6L.
A. 8 C. 12
B. 10 D. 16

24. Ties shall consist of a closed loop of deformed bar or deformed wire with
spacing in accordance with (I) and (II):
I. Clear spacing of at least ___________;
II. Center-to-center spacing shall not exceed the least of 16 𝑑𝑏 of
longitudinal bar, 48 𝑑𝑏 of tie bar, and smallest dimension of member.
What is missing in the blank
a. 4/3 diameter of aggregates
b. 3/4 diameter of aggregates
c. 1/2 diameter of aggregates
d. Diameter of aggregates

Situation #8

A reinforced concrete beam is 300 mm wide with an effective depth of 525 mm to

centroid of reinforcement. Use f’c=21 MPa and fy=415 MPa. The section is
reinforced with 3-28 mm diameter bars single layer.
25. Which of the following most nearly gives the strain of the steel section?
A. 0.0064
B. 0.005
C. 0.0072
D. 0.0034
26. Determine the actual stress in the tension reinforcements to be used.
A. 415 MPa
B. 1270 MPa
C. 21 MPa
D. 280 MPa
27. What is the value if the design flexural strength of the section in kN-
m.
A. 347.6 kN-m
B. 312.838 kN-m
C. 333.746 kN-m
D. 357.5 kN-m
28. Based on RC-006,in spacing limits for reinforcements, the spacing between
parallel bars in a layer shall be ________________.
A. the diameter of the bar but not less than 25mm.
B. the diameter of the bar but greater than 25mm.
C. the diameter of the bar.
D. 40 mm

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Situation #9

A simply supported beam is reinforced with 4-28 mm diameter and 2-28 mm diameter
at the top of the beam. Steel covering to centroid of reinforcement is 70 mm at
the top and bottom of the beam. The beam has a total depth of 400 mm and a width
𝑓′ 𝐶 3
300 mm. f’c=30 MPa, fy=415 MPa. Use 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1 (8)
𝑓𝑦

29. Determine the ratio of the depth of compression to the distance neutral
axis from compression fiber
a. 0.85
b. 0.836
c. 95.897
d. 114.847
30. Determine the design strength.
a. 253.74 kN-m
b. 281.936 kN-m
c. 133.384 kN-m
d. 120.046 kN-m
31. Determine the live load at the midspan in addition to a DL=20 kN/m
including the weight if it has a span of 6m.
a. 163.742 kN
b. 60.725 kN
c. 200.125 kN
d. 320.937 kN

Situation #10

A simply supported rectangular beam 400 mm wide having an effective depth of

550 mm carries a total factored load of 137 kN/m on a 6 m clear span. It is
reinforced with 4914 𝑚𝑚2 of tensile steel, which continues uninterrupted into
the supports. Use f’c = 28 MPa

32. What is the factored shear at critical section?

a. 616.50 kN
b. 335.65 kN
c. 541.15 kN
d. 411.00 kN
33. What is the Ultimate shear strength provided by concrete only?
a. 148.4 kN
b. 180.2 kN
c. 178.1 kN
d. 197.9 kN
34. Throughout what part of the beam is web reinforcement is required?
a. 3 m
b. 1.5 m
c. 2.46 m
d. 0.65 m

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Situation #12

A concrete beam section with f’c = 28 MPa is 250 mm wide, 500 mm deep has a 450
mm effective depth. It is reinforced with 2000 𝑚𝑚2 of tension steel with fy =
275 MPa. Using the more detailed calculations of Section 411.4.2 of the 2010
NSCP, determine Vc, the nominal shear strength of concrete considering the
following cases:
35. Vu = 270 kN, Mu = 100 kN-m
a. 135.2 kN
b. 172.635 kN
c. 123.674 kN
d. 321.522 kN
36. Vu = 270 kN, Mu = 100 kN-m and axial compression, Nu = 180 kN
a. 150.929 kN
b. 187.74 kN
c. 164.631 kN
d. 205.54 kN
37. Vu = 270 kN, Mu = 100 kN-m and axial tension, Nu =-180 kN
a. 58.939 kN
b. 53.84 kN
c. 0
d. 164.631 kN

Situation #13

Reference: FIGURE RCF-002

DATA : Beam width = 300mm
Beam total depth = 500mm below the
100mm thick slab
All columns = 500mm x 500mm
Floor dead load = 3.2 kPa
(superimposed on slab)
Floor live load = 3.6 kPa
Unit weight of concrete = 24 KN/m3
Factored load, U = 1.2D + 1.6L

All spans are referred to the centerline of

the columns. EI value is assumed constant.
Use the tributary area method. For moment
and shear calculations, use the NSCP
Coefficients.
38. If S1 = 2.5m and L1 = L2 = 6.5m, find
the factored shear (KN) at D of Beam
DE.
A. 110.11
B. 115.44
C. 126.63
D. 12.32
39. If S1 = 2.5m and L1 = L2 = 6.5m, determine the factored moment (kN-m) at
end D of Beam DE.
A. 0.00
B. 56.89
C. 59.60
D. 89.47

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Situation #14

Reference: FIGURE below

DATA :L1=L2=6m, L3=7.0 m, S=2.5m
Beam dimensioN = 350mm x450mm
Slab=100mm thick slab
All columns = 350mm x 350mm
Floor dead load = 5.0 kPa
Floor live load = 3.6 kPa
Factored load, U = 1.2D + 1.6L
All spans are referred to the centerline of
the columns. EI value is assumed constant.
Use the tributary area method. For moment
and shear calculations, use the NSCP
Coefficients.

40. What is the moment at the end of F of beam EF?

a. 144.1
b. 105.8
c. 93.8
d. 117.6

41. Find the moment at the mid-span of beam FG.

a. 67
b. 58
c. 85.3
d. 117.3

42. What is the shear at the end F of beam FG?

a. 83
b. 95.5
c. 101.4
d. 99.99

43. What is the maximum reaction?

a. 95.5
b. 112.4
c. 178.6
d. 195

Situation #14
A three-span continuous one-way slab with clear spans of 3.5 meters and
thickness of 125mm is supported on beams 300 mm wide (monolithic construction).
Effective depth of the slab is 99mm. The slab carries a floor live load of 2.4
kPa and a superimposed dead load of 1.5kPa. Use f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 275
MPa. Unit weight of concrete 24 kN/m3. For moment calculation, refer to RC-04.
Use 2010 NSCP. Considering exterior panel:
44. Calculate the spacing of 12mmϕ main reinforcing bars for negative bending.
a. 230 mm
b. 240 mm
c. 300 mm
d. 330 mm
45. Calculate the spacing of 12mmϕ main reinforcing bars for positive bending.
a. 230 mm
b. 240 mm
c. 300 mm
d. 330 mm

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 46. Find the spacing of 10mmϕ temperature bars.

a. 230 mm
b. 240 mm
c. 300 mm
d. 330 mm

Situation #15

A 450 mm diameter concrete column spiral column is to be designed to support a

factored axial load of 3170 kN. Clear bar covering is 40 mm and the aggregate
size is 25 mm. Use the 2010 NSCP with f’c=28 MPa, fy=414 MPa for longitudinal
steel, fyt=414 MPa for spiral steel. Limit the gross steel percentage to 2%.
Find:

47. The number of pcs 28 mm bars for the longitudinal reinforcements.

A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

48. The spacing of the 10 mm spiral reinforcements in mm

a. 25
b. 50
c. 75
d. 100

49. Which of the following most nearly gives the clear spacing of the main
longitudinal reinforcements in mm.

a. 136.15
b. 146.15
c. 165.15
d. 207
Situation #16

A T-beam section has a flange width of 600 mm, flange thickness of the 100 mm,
width of web of 350 mm, effective depth of 535 mm and a total depth of 600 mm.
Use f’c=21 MPa and fy= 415 MPa. The section is required to resist a total
service deadload moment of 260 kN-m and a service live load moment of 142 kN-
m. Use NSCP 2010
50. Determine the required nominal strength for concrete beam section.
a. 539.2 kN-m
b. 599.11 kN-m
c. 402 kN-m
d. 361.8 kN-m
51. Calculate the depth of the concrete rectangular stress block.
a. 116.496 mm
b. 137.054 mm
c. 130.379 mm
d. 153.387 mm

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 52. Determine the number of pcs of 28mm diameter required as tension
reinforcements.
a. 4
b. 3
c. 6
d. 5

Situation #17
A simply supported rectangular concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and a gross
depth of 450 mm. It is reinforced with 4 − 25∅ 𝑚𝑚 bars at tension side and 2 −
25∅ 𝑚𝑚 at compression side with 70 mm effective concrete cover. f’c=30 MPa and
fy= 415 MPa. U=1.2D+1.6L

53. Determine the depth of the equivalent rectangular stress block of the
concrete stress.
A. 116.31 C. 98.86
B. 106.52 D. 53.25
54. Determine the design strength capacity of the section against flexure in
kN-m.
A. 265.77
B. 242.43
C. 239.62
D. 236.03
55. What is the design principle in Ultimate Strength Design?
a. 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 < 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠
b. 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 < 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠
c. 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 ≥ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠
d. 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 ≥ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠

Situation #18
A T-beam for the floor system shown carries a dead load moment of 270 kNm and
a live load of 460 kNm. Use fc’ = 20.70MPa and fy = 345MPa. The beams have a
simple span of 5.50m.

56. Which of the following most nearly gives the required effective flange
width of an interior beam?
A. 1375 mm
B. 1575 mm

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 C. 1650 mm
D. 1800 mm

57. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the neutral axis
from the extreme compression concrete?
A. 159.63 mm
B. 187.28 mm
C. 170.51 mm
D. 200.60 mm

Situation #19
A T-beam is reinforced with 8-32mm diameter tension bars with an effective depth
of 700mm. Use f’c = 27.60MPa and fy = 413.70MPa.

T-beam properties:
Effective flange width = 750mm
Flange thickness = 100mm
Width of web = 350mm
Overall depth = 800mm

58. Which of the following most nearly gives the area of the concrete
compression stress block?
A. 90677.94 mm2
B. 95312.15 mm2
C. 101325.34 mm2
D. 113458.58 mm2

59. Which of the following most nearly gives the depth of the concrete
compression stress block?
A. 144.79 mm
B. 175.22 mm
C. 209.88 mm
D. 158.03 mm

60. Which of the following most nearly gives the design moment capacity of
the given beam?
A. 1213.72 kN-m
B. 1471.90 kN-m
C. 1306.77 kN-m
D. 1109.81 kN-m

61. What reduction factor are we going to use if 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑏

a. 0.9
b. 0.65
c. 0.45
𝜀𝑦 −𝜀𝑡
d. ∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 (𝜀 )
𝑦 −0.005

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Situation #20

A column with circular ties shown carries a deadload of 1000 kN

and a live load of 520 kN. Use f’c=28 and fy=420 MPa. U=1.2D+1.6L.

62. Which of the following most nearly gives the safe diameter
of the column if 𝜌 = 0.0185?
A. 340 mm
B. 380 mm
C. 400 mm
D. 450 mm
63. Which of the following most nearly gives the required minimum
diameter of main bars if the diameter of column is 400mm?
A. 25 mm
B. 32 mm
C. 28 mm
D. 20 mm

Situation #21

In accordance with the provisions of the 2010 NSCP,the required strength U shall
be at least equal to the effects of the factored loads below where the effects
of one or more loads not acting simultaneously shall be investigated:
U = 1.4D
U = 1.2D+1.6L
U = 1.2D+1.6L+0.8W
U = 1.2D+1.0E+1.0L
U = 0.9D+1.6W
Result from elastic analysis of a concrete beam yields the following values of
the un-factored (service) moments:
Dead load moment = 50 kN-m, Live load moment = 80 kN-m, Wind load moment = 60
kN-m, Earthquake moment =100 kN-m.

64. Determine the value of the factored moment (kN-m) that will be used in
designing the member.
A. 141
B. 188
C. 236
D. 240

65. It is the location of the plastic neutral axis.

a. Geometric centroid
b. Plastic centroid
c. Elastic centroid
d. Metric Centroid

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Situation #22
Given:
Column diameter, D=600 mm
Longitudinal steel, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 8 − 28 𝑚𝑚∅ bars w/ fy=415 MPa
Lateral ties, 12 𝑚𝑚∅ with fyt=345 MPa
Concrete (normal weight), f’c=27.5 MPa
Factored axial Compression force= 3000 kN

66. What is the nominal shear strength capacity of the concrete along the
x-direction, in kN?
a. 256.748 kN
b. 192.561 kN
c. 451.333 kN
d. 447.781
67. What is the design shear strength capacity of the concrete along the y-
direction, in kN?
a. 338.5 kN
b. 335.835 kN
c. 192.561 kN
d. 0
68. What is the design shear strength capacity of ties, in kN, if the
spacing of the ties is 75 mm?
a. 597.154 kN
b. 4467.865 kN
c. 398.103 kN
d. 298.577 kN

Situation #23

Given data of a concrete beam:

Beam width, bw = 300mm
Effective depth, d = 500mm
Concrete strength , fc’ = 28 MPa
Steel yield strength, fy = 415 Mpa

69. What is the design moment capacity of the beam in kN- m if the tension
steel As = 6 – φ28mm placed in two layers with the outmost layer placed
under a depth of 530mm. The beam has 2 – φ25mm bars at the compression
side having an effective cover of 65mm. If said bars are found necessary
to resist the loads, the effect of the concrete displaced by said
reinforcements shall be neglected. Use the 2010/2015 NSCP.
a. 582.717 c. 584.45
b. 647.464 d. 159.434
70. What is the stress (MPa) in the 2- φ25mm bars if the tension steel As =
6 – φ28mm bars placed in two layers with the outmost layer placed under
a depth of 530mm. The beam has 2 – φ25mm bars at the compression side
having an effective cover of 65mm. If said bars are found necessary to
resist the loads, the effect of the concrete displaced by said
reinforcements shall be neglected. Use the 2010/2015 NSCP.
a. 394.03 c. 397.13
b. 389.757 d. 393.607

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PREPARED BY ENGR. MARK JEXTER A. SIBAYAN