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Learning Guide Lesson 1.3

This document covers operations on functions, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and composition of functions, along with definitions of one-to-one and inverse functions. It provides examples and solutions for various function operations and tasks for independent learning. Additionally, it references textbooks for further study on trigonometry.

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ritz.royeras
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3 views

Learning Guide Lesson 1.3

This document covers operations on functions, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and composition of functions, along with definitions of one-to-one and inverse functions. It provides examples and solutions for various function operations and tasks for independent learning. Additionally, it references textbooks for further study on trigonometry.

Uploaded by

ritz.royeras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1.

3: Compositions and Inverses

Operations on Functions

f
If f and g are both real-valued functions, then f  g, fg and are all real-valued functions
g
defined as follows:

(i) (f  g)(x) = f (x)  g(x)


(ii) (f g)(x) = f (x)g(x)

(iii)
f
x   f x  , whose domain compose of all real number x where g(x)  0.
g g x 

Example:

Given the functions f and g defined by f (x) = 3x2 – 4x + 5 and g(x) = 5x – 7. Define

a. f + g
b. g – f
c. fg
f
d.
g

Solutions:

a. (f + g)(x) = (3x2 – 4x + 5) + (5x – 7)


= 3x2 – 4x + 5 + 5x – 7
(f + g)(x) = 3x2 + x – 2
b. (g – f)(x) = (5x – 7) – (3x2 – 4x + 5)
= 5x – 7 – 3x2 + 4x – 5
(g – f)(x) = –3x2 + 9x – 12
c. (f g)(x) = (3x2 – 4x + 5)(5x – 7)
= 15x3 – 21x2 – 20x2 + 28x + 25x – 35
(f g)(x) = 15x3 – 41x2 + 53x – 35

x   f x   3x  4 x  5 , 5x – 7  0  x  7
2
f
d.
g g x  5x  7 5
Composition of Functions

If w is a function of t and z is a function of w, then z is a function of t. The function in which z is


determined from t is the composition of the other two functions.

Definition (Composition of Functions):

If f and g are two functions, the composition of f and g, written f o g, is a function that is defined
by the equation

 f o g x  f g x,
provided that g(x) is in the domain of f. The composition of g and f is written g o f,

Example:

Let f x   x , g(x) = 2x – 1 and h(x) = x2. Evaluate each expression:

a.  f o g 5
b. g o hx
c. h o g x
Solutions:

a.  f o g 5  f g 5
 f 25  1
 f 9

 9
 f o g 5  3
b. g o hx  g hx
 
 g x2

 2x   1
2

g o hx   2 x 2  1
c. h o g x  hg x
 h2 x  1


 2x2  1 2
h o g x   4 x 4  4 x 2  1

Definition (One-to-One Function):

If a function has no two ordered pairs with different first coordinates and the same second
coordinate, then the function is a one-to-one function.

Note that if a function is 1-1, each image must have a unique pre-image. Thus we can derive a
function pairing the image to its pre-image. We call this function as the inverse of the original
function and we say that the original function is invertible.

Definition (Inverse Function):

1
The inverse of a 1-1 function f is the function f (read “f inverse”), where the ordered pairs of

f 1 are obtained by interchanging the coordinates of each ordered pair of f.

Note: To find the inverse of a particular function f, let f(x) = y then solve for x in terms of y. The
1
resulting equation defines f .

Example:

Find the inverse of the function f defined by f(x) = 2x3 + 1.

Solution:

Let f(x) = y. This gives us

2x3 + 1 = y

2x3 = y – 1

y 1
x3 
2

y 1
x3
2

x 1
Interchanging x and y we have y  3 . Now replace y by f 1  x  , we get the defining
2

x 1
equation f 1
x   3 .
2
Tasks for Independent Learning:

Investigate on the following:

1. Find the composition of a function and its inverse. What have you observed?
2. Find the inverse of f where f(x) = x3. Draw a sketch of the graphs of these functions on
the same plane. What can be said of their graphs?

Learning Task 1.3

A. Given the functions defined by f(x) = 2x + 3 and g(x) = x2 + 1, find


1. (f – g)(x)
2. (f g)(x)

3.
f
x 
g
4.  f o g 2
5.  f o g x
6. g o f x

B. Find a defining equation for the inverses of the functions defined as follows:

f x  
x
1. 9
2

g x  
1
2. 3
x

hx  
1
3.
x3

References:
Dugopolski, M. (2020). Trigonometry, 5th edition. Boston, MA, USA: Pearson Education Inc.

Larson, R. (2018). Trigonometry, 10th edition. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning.
Lial, M.L., et al. (2021). Trigonometry, 12th edition. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Pearson Education Inc.

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