6.2.

6 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 6.3 - COMPLEX NUMBERS 3 - THE POLAR AND EXPONENTIAL FORMS

6.3.1 The polar form
6.3.2 The exponential form
6.3.3 Products and quotients in polar form
6.3.4 Exercises
6.3.5 Answers to exercises (8 pages)

UNIT 6.4 - COMPLEX NUMBERS 4 - POWERS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

6.4.1 Positive whole number powers
6.4.2 Negative whole number powers
6.4.3 Fractional powers & De Moivre's Theorem
6.4.4 Exercises
6.4.5 Answers to exercises (5 pages)

UNIT 6.5 - COMPLEX NUMBERS 5 - APPLICATIONS TO TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

6.5.1 Introduction
6.5.2 Expressions for cosn q, sinn q in terms of cosq, sinq
n n
6.5.3 Expressions for cos q and sin q in terms of sines and cosines of whole multiples of
x
6.5.4 Exercises
6.5.5 Answers to exercises (5 pages)

UNIT 6.6 - COMPLEX NUMBERS 6 - COMPLEX LOCI

6.6.1 Introduction
6.6.2 The circle
6.6.3 The half-straight-line
6.6.4 More general loci
6.6.5 Exercises
6.6.6 Answers to exercises (6 pages)

UNIT 7.1 - DETERMINANTS 1 - SECOND ORDER DETERMINANTS

7.1.1 Pairs of simultaneous linear equations
7.1.2 The definition of a second order determinant
7.1.3 Cramer's Rule for two simultaneous linear equations
7.1.4 Exercises
7.1.5 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 7.2 - DETERMINANTS 2 - CONSISTENCY AND THIRD ORDER DETERMINANTS

7.2.1 Consistency for three simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns
7.2.2 The definition of a third order determinant
7.2.3 The rule of Sarrus
7.2.4 Cramer's rule for three simultaneous linear equations in three unknowns
7.2.5 Exercises
7.2.6 Answers to exercises (10 pages)

UNIT 7.3 - DETERMINANTS 3 - FURTHER EVALUATION OF 3 X 3 DETERMINANTS

7.3.1 Expansion by any row or column
7.3.2 Row and column operations on determinants
7.3.3 Exercises
7.3.4 Answers to exercises (10 pages)

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UNIT 7.4 - DETERMINANTS 4 - HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
7.4.1 Trivial and non-trivial solutions
7.4.2 Exercises
7.4.3 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 8.1 - VECTORS 1 - INTRODUCTION TO VECTOR ALGEBRA

8.1.1 Definitions
8.1.2 Addition and subtraction of vectors
8.1.3 Multiplication of a vector by a scalar
8.1.4 Laws of algebra obeyed by vectors
8.1.5 Vector proofs of geometrical results
8.1.6 Exercises
8.1.7 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 8.2 - VECTORS 2 - VECTORS IN COMPONENT FORM

8.2.1 The components of a vector
8.2.2 The magnitude of a vector in component form
8.2.3 The sum and difference of vectors in component form
8.2.4 The direction cosines of a vector
8.2.5 Exercises
8.2.6 Answers to exercises (6 pages)

UNIT 8.3 - VECTORS 3 - MULTIPLICATION OF ONE VECTOR BY ANOTHER

8.3.1 The scalar product (or 'dot' product)
8.3.2 Deductions from the definition of dot product
8.3.3 The standard formula for dot product
8.3.4 The vector product (or 'cross' product)
8.3.5 Deductions from the definition of cross product
8.3.6 The standard formula for cross product
8.3.7 Exercises
8.3.8 Answers to exercises (8 pages)

UNIT 8.4 - VECTORS 4 - TRIPLE PRODUCTS

8.4.1 The triple scalar product
8.4.2 The triple vector product
8.4.3 Exercises
8.4.4 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 8.5 - VECTORS 5 - VECTOR EQUATIONS OF STRAIGHT LINES

8.5.1 Introduction
8.5.2 The straight line passing through a given point and parallel to a given vector
8.5.3 The straight line passing through two given points
8.5.4 The perpendicular distance of a point from a straight line
8.5.5 The shortest distance between two parallel straight lines
8.5.6 The shortest distance between two skew straight lines
8.5.7 Exercises
8.5.8 Answers to exercises (14 pages)

UNIT 8.6 - VECTORS 6 - VECTOR EQUATIONS OF PLANES

8.6.1 The plane passing through a given point and perpendicular to a given vector
8.6.2 The plane passing through three given points
8.6.3 The point of intersection of a straight line and a plane
8.6.4 The line of intersection of two planes

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8.6.5 The perpendicular distance of a point from a plane
8.6.6 Exercises
8.6.7 Answers to exercises (9 pages)

UNIT 9.1 - MATRICES 1 - DEFINITIONS AND ELEMENTARY MATRIX ALGEBRA

9.1.1 Introduction
9.1.2 Definitions
9.1.3 The algebra of matrices (part one)
9.1.4 Exercises
9.1.5 Answers to exercises (8 pages)

UNIT 9.2 - MATRICES 2 - FURTHER MATRIX ALGEBRA

9.2.1 Multiplication by a single number
9.2.2 The product of two matrices
9.2.3 The non-commutativity of matrix products
9.2.4 Multiplicative identity matrices
9.2.5 Exercises
9.2.6 Answers to exercises (6 pages)

UNIT 9.3 - MATRICES 3 - MATRIX INVERSION AND SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

9.3.1 Introduction
9.3.2 Matrix representation of simultaneous linear equations
9.3.3 The definition of a multiplicative inverse
9.3.4 The formula for a multiplicative inverse
9.3.5 Exercises
9.3.6 Answers to exercises (11 pages)

UNIT 9.4 - MATRICES 4 - ROW OPERATIONS

9.4.1 Matrix inverses by row operations
9.4.2 Gaussian elimination (the elementary version)
9.4.3 Exercises
9.4.4 Answers to exercises (10 pages)

UNIT 9.5 - MATRICES 5 - CONSISTENCY AND RANK

9.5.1 The consistency of simultaneous linear equations
9.5.2 The row-echelon form of a matrix
9.5.3 The rank of a matrix
9.5.4 Exercises
9.5.5 Answers to exercises (9 pages)

UNIT 9.6 - MATRICES 6 - EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS

9.6.1 The statement of the problem
9.6.2 The solution of the problem
9.6.3 Exercises
9.6.4 Answers to exercises (9 pages)

UNIT 9.7 - MATRICES 7 - LINEARLY INDEPENDENT AND NORMALISED EIGENVECTORS

9.7.1 Linearly independent eigenvectors
9.7.2 Normalised eigenvectors
9.7.3 Exercises
9.7.4 Answers to exercises (5 pages)

UNIT 9.8 - MATRICES 8 - CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES AND SIMILARITY

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TRANSFORMATIONS
9.8.1 Properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors
9.8.2 Similar matrices
9.8.3 Exercises
9.7.4 Answers to exercises (9 pages)

UNIT 9.9 - MATRICES 9 - MODAL AND SPECTRAL MATRICES

9.9.1 Assumptions and definitions
9.9.2 Diagonalisation of a matrix
9.9.3 Exercises
9.9.4 Answers to exercises (9 pages)

UNIT 9.10 - MATRICES 10 - SYMMETRIC MATRICES AND QUADRATIC FORMS

9.10.1 Symmetric matrices
9.10.2 Quadratic forms
9.10.3 Exercises
9.10.4 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 10.1 - DIFFERENTIATION 1 - FUNTIONS AND LIMITS

10.1.1 Functional notation
10.1.2 Numerical evaluation of functions
10.1.3 Functions of a linear function
10.1.4 Composite functions
10.1.5 Indeterminate forms
10.1.6 Even and odd functions
10.1.7 Exercises
10.1.8 Answers to exercises (12 pages)

UNIT 10.2 - DIFFERENTIATION 2 - RATES OF CHANGE

10.2.1 Introduction
10.2.2 Average rates of change
10.2.3 Instantaneous rates of change
10.2.4 Derivatives
10.2.5 Exercises
10.2.6 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 10.3 - DIFFERENTIATION 3 - ELEMENTARY TECHNIQUES OF DIFFERENTIATION

10.3.1 Standard derivatives
10.3.2 Rules of differentiation
10.3.3 Exercises
10.3.4 Answers to exercises (9 pages)

UNIT 10.4 - DIFFERENTIATION 4 - PRODUCTS, QUOTIENTS AND LOGARITHMIC

DIFFERENTIATION
10.4.1 Products
10.4.2 Quotients
10.4.3 Logarithmic differentiation
10.4.4 Exercises
10.4.5 Answers to exercises (10 pages)

UNIT 10.5 - DIFFERENTIATION 5 - IMPLICIT AND PARAMETRIC FUNCTIONS

10.5.1 Implicit functions
10.5.2 Parametric functions

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10.5.3 Exercises
10.5.4 Answers to exercises (5 pages)

UNIT 10.6 - DIFFERENTIATION 6 - DERIVATIVES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

10.6.1 Summary of results
10.6.2 The derivative of an inverse sine
10.6.3 The derivative of an inverse cosine
10.6.4 The derivative of an inverse tangent
10.6.5 Exercises
10.6.6 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 10.7 - DIFFERENTIATION 7 - DERIVATIVES OF INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

10.7.1 Summary of results
10.7.2 The derivative of an inverse hyperbolic sine
10.7.3 The derivative of an inverse hyperbolic cosine
10.7.4 The derivative of an inverse hyperbolic tangent
10.7.5 Exercises
10.7.6 Answers to exercises (7 pages)

UNIT 10.8 - DIFFERENTIATION 8 - HIGHER DERVIVATIVES

10.8.1 The theory
10.8.2 Exercises
10.8.3 Answers to exercises (4 pages)

UNIT 11.1 - DIFFERENTIATION APPLICATIONS 1 - TANGENTS AND NORMALS

11.1.1 Tangents
11.1.2 Normals
11.1.3 Exercises
11.1.4 Answers to exercises (5 pages)

UNIT 11.2 - DIFFERENTIATION APPLICATIONS 2 - LOCAL MAXIMA, LOCAL MINIMA AND

POINTS OF INFLEXION
11.2.1 Introduction
11.2.2 Local maxima
11.2.3 Local minima
11.2.4 Points of inflexion
11.2.5 The location of stationary points and their nature
11.2.6 Exercises
11.2.7 Answers to exercises (14 pages)

UNIT 11.3 - DIFFERENTIATION APPLICATIONS 3 - CURVATURE

11.3.1 Introduction
11.3.2 Curvature in cartesian co-ordinates
11.3.3 Exercises
11.3.4 Answers to exercises (6 pages)

UNIT 11.4 - DIFFERENTIATION APPLICATIONS 4 - CIRCLE, RADIUS AND CENTRE OF

CURVATURE
11.4.1 Introduction
11.4.2 Radius of curvature
11.4.3 Centre of curvature
11.4.4 Exercises
11.4.5 Answers to exercises (5 pages)

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