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1. Introduction to Computer

A computer is an electronic device that processes data through four main functions: Input, Processing, Output, and Storage. It utilizes various input devices (like keyboards and mice), output devices (such as monitors and printers), and storage devices (including hard drives and flash drives) to perform its tasks. The CPU acts as the brain of the computer, managing operations and improving performance with multi-core processors.

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3 views

1. Introduction to Computer

A computer is an electronic device that processes data through four main functions: Input, Processing, Output, and Storage. It utilizes various input devices (like keyboards and mice), output devices (such as monitors and printers), and storage devices (including hard drives and flash drives) to perform its tasks. The CPU acts as the brain of the computer, managing operations and improving performance with multi-core processors.

Uploaded by

gezelzeyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Computer

A computer is an electronic machine that processes data based on instructions.


It performs four main functions: Input, Processing, Output, and Storage.

2. How a Computer Works

1. Input – Entering data using input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse).


2. Processing – CPU (Central Processing Unit) processes the data.
3. Output – Processed information is displayed via output devices (e.g., monitor, printer).
4. Storage – Information is saved for future use (e.g., hard disk, pen drive).

3. Input Devices

Keyboard – Standard, Wireless, Compact, Virtual, and Braille keyboards.


Mouse – Mechanical, Optical, Wireless, Air Mouse, and Touch Mouse.
Touchpad – Common in laptops, supports gestures.
Joystick – Used for gaming.
Graphic Tablet – Used for drawing.
Touch Screen – Used in smartphones, ATMs, and tablets.
Motion Input – Detects air gestures (used in gaming).
Digital Camera – Captures images digitally.
Microphone – Inputs voice into the computer.
Scanner – Converts physical images/documents into digital form.
Barcode Reader – Reads product barcodes.
MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) Reader – Reads magnetized characters on
cheques.

4. Output Devices

Monitor – Displays information (Soft Copy).


Printer– Produces physical output (Hard Copy).
Laser Printer – High quality, fast.
Inkjet Printer – Sprays ink, affordable.
Dot Matrix Printer – Noisy, low quality.
Speakers – Output sound.
Data Projector – Projects computer screen onto a large display.
Smartboard – Interactive display used in education and presentations.

5. Storage Devices

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) – Main storage device in a computer (500GB - 8TB).
Optical Discs (CD/DVD/Blu-ray)– Store data using laser technology.
CD-ROM/DVD-ROM – Read-only storage.
CD-R/DVD-R – Write once.
CD-RW/DVD-RW – Can be rewritten multiple times.
Blu-ray Disc – High storage capacity (100GB).
Flash Drive (Pen Drive) – Portable, fast storage (512MB - 100GB).
Memory Card – Small, portable storage used in mobile devices.

6. Processing Device (CPU - Central Processing Unit)

The Brain of the Computer – Processes all tasks.


Components of CPU:
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – Performs calculations & comparisons.
CU (Control Unit) – Manages all computer functions.
MU (Memory Unit) – Stores temporary and processed data.
Major CPU Manufacturers: Intel, AMD.
Multi-Core Processors – Dual-core, Quad-core, etc., improve performance.

7. Summary

Computer = Input + Processing + Output + Storage.


Input Devices allow data entry.
Output Devices display results.
Storage Devices save data.
Processing (CPU) transforms data into useful information.

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