MATHEMATICS - IB

1. Locus
4 MARKS
1. Find tge equation of locus of a point P such that PA2 + PB2 = 2c2, where A = (a, 0),
B = (-a, 0) and0 < | a | < | c |.
2. The ends of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle are (0, 6) and (6, 0). Find
the equation of locus of its third vertex.
3. Find the equation of the locus of a point, the difference of whose distances from
(-5, 0) and (5, 0) is 8.
4. Find the equation of locus of a point, which forms a triangle of area 2 with the
points A (1,1) and B (-2,3).
5. A (1, 2), B (2, -3) and C (-2, 3) are three points. A point P moves such that PA 2 +
PB2 = 2PC2. Show that the equation to the locus of P is 7x - 7y + 4 = 0.
2. Transformation of Axes
1. When the origin is shifted to (-1, 2) by the translation of axes, find the trans-
formed equation of x2 + y2 + 2x - 4y + 1 = 0
2. The point to which the origin is shifted and the transformed equation are given
below. Find the original equation of (-1, 2); x2 + 2y2 + 16 = 0.
3. When the origin is shifted to the point (2, 3), the transformed equation of a curve
is x2 + 3xy - 2y2 + 17x - 7y - 11 = 0. Find the original equation of the curve.
4. When the axes are rotated through an angle  , find the transformed equation of
x cos  + y sin  = p.
4. When the axes are rotated through an angle / 6 , find the transformed equation of
x2 + 2 3 xy - y2 = 2a2.
5. When the axes are rotated through an angle / 4 , find the transformed equation of
3x2 + 10xy + 3y2 = 9.
1  2h 
6. Show that the axes to be rotated through an angle of tan 1   so as to remove
2  a b 

the xy term from the equation ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0, if a  b and through the angle ,
4
if a = b.
3. The Straight Line
7 Marks
1. If Qh, k  is the foot of the perpendicular from P x1 , y1  on the straight lines
h  x1 k  y1  ax1  by1  c 
ax  by  c  0 , then prove that   .
a b a 2  b2
2. If Qh, k  is the image of the point P x1 , y1  w.r.t. the straight line ax  by  c  0 ,
h  x1 k  y1  2ax1  by1  c 
then prove that   .
a b a2  b2
3. Find the circumcenter of the triangle whose vertices are (1, 3), (-3,5) and (5,-1).
4. Find the circumcenter of the triangle whose vertices are given below.
(i) (-2, 3), (2, -1) and (4, 0) (ii) (1, 3), (0, -2) and (-3, 1)
5. Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the following vertices.
(i) (-2, -1), (6, -1) and (2, 5) (ii) (5, -2), (-1, 2) and (1, 4)

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 4 Marks
1. Transform the equation 3x + 4y + 12 = 0 into (i) slope - intercept form (ii) intercept
form and (iii) normal form.
2. Transform the following equations into (a) slope-intercept form (b) intercept form
and (c) normal form.
(i) 3x + 4y = 5 (ii) 4x - 3y + 12 = 0
3. Show that the lines 2x + y - 3 = 0, 3x + 2y - 2 = 0 and 2x - 3y - 23 = 0 are
concurrent and find the point of concurrency.
4. Find the value of p, if the following lines are concurrent.
(i) 3x + 4y = 5, 2x + 3y = 4, px + 4y = 6
5. Determine whether or not the four straight lines with equations x+2y - 3 = 0,
3x+4y-7 = 0, 2x+3y-4 = 0 and 4x + 5y - 6 = 0 are concurrent.
6. Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to the line 2x + 3y = 0 and
passing through the point of intersection of the lines x + 3y - 1 = 0 and x - 2y + 4
= 0.
7. Find the equation of the straight line making non-zero equal intercepts on the
coordinate axes and passing through the point of intersection of the lines 2x - 5y
+ 1 = 0 and x - 3y - 4 = 0.
2 Marks
1. Find the equation of the line containing the points (1, 2) and (1, -2).
2. Find the condition for the points (a, 0), (h, k) and (0, b), where ab  0, to be
collinear.
3. Find the slopes of the straight lines passing through the following pairs of points.
(i) (-3, 8), (10, 5) (ii) (3, 4), (7, -6)
4. Find the value of y, if the line joining the points (3, y) and (2, 7) is parallel to the
line joining the points (-1, 4) and (0, 6).
5. Find the sum of the squares of the intercepts of the line 4x - 3y = 12 on the axes of
coordinates.
6. Find the value of p, if the straight lines x + p = 0, y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 are
concurrent.

8. Find the length of the perpendicular drawn from the point given against the
following straight lines.
i) 5x - 2y + 4 = 0 ... (-2, -3)
ii) 3x - 4y + 10 = 0 ... (3, 4)
9. Find the distance between the following parallel lines.
i. 3x - 4y = 12, 3x - 4y = 7
ii. 5x - 3y - 4 = 0, 10x - 6y - 9 = 0
10. Find the value of p, if the straight lines 3x + 7y - 1 = 0 and 7x - py + 3 = 0 are
mutually perpendicular.
11. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line 3x + 4y + 6 = 0 and
making an intercept - 4 on the X-axis.
12. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from (3, 0) upon the straight line 5x +
12y - 41 = 0.
13. Find the image of the point (1, 2) in the straight line 3x + 4y - 1 = 0.
13. Find the image of (1, 2) w.r.t the straight line 2 x  3 y  5  0 .

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 4. Pair of Straight Lines
7 Marks
1. If the equation ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 represent a pair of straight lines and  is the angle

ab
between the lines then show that cos   .
a  b 2  4h 2
2. Show that the product of the perpendicular distances from a point  ,   to the

a 2  2h  b 2
pair of straight lines ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 ,
a  b 2  4h 2
3Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and

n 2 h 2  ab
lx  my  n  0 , am 2  2hlm  bl 2 .

4. Find the centroid and the area of the triangle formed by the following lines
(i) 2y2 - xy - 6x2 = 0, x + y + 4 = 0 (ii) 3x2 - 4xy + y2 = 0, 2x - y = 6.
5. If the equation S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 represents a pair of parallel
straight lines, then (i) h 2  ab (ii) af 2  bg 2 (iii) the distance between the parallel

g 2  ac f 2  bc
lines  2 2 .
a a  b  ba  b 
6. Show that the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve x2 -
xy + y2 + 3x + 3y - 2 =0 and the straight line x - y - 2 = 0 are mutually
perpendicular.
7. Find the values of k, if the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of
the curve 2x2 - 2xy + 3y2 + 2x - y - 1 = 0 and the line x + 2y = k are mutually
perpendicular.
8. Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection
of the curve x2 + 2xy + y2 + 2x + 2y - 5 = 0 and the line 3x - y + 1 = 0.
9. Find the condition for the chord lx + my = 1 of the circle x2 + y2 = a2 (whose
centre is the origin) the subtend a right angle at the origin.
10. Find the condition for the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of
the circle x2 + y2 = a2 and the line lx + my = 1 to coincide.
5. Three Dimensional Coordinates
2 Marks
1. Find the distance of P(3, -2, 4) from the origin.
2. Find the distance between the points (3, 4, -2) and (1, 0, 7).
3. Show that the points (1, 2, 3), (7, 0, 1) and (-2, 3, 4) are collinear.
4. Find the ratio in which YZ-plane divides the line joining A(2, 4, 5) and B(3, 5, -4).
Also find the point of intersection.
5. Find the ratio in which th XZ-plane divides the line joining A(-2, 3, 4) and B(1, 2, 3)
6. Show that the points (5, 4, 2), (6, 2, -1) and (8, -2, -7) are collinear.
7. Find the coordinates of the vertex 'C' of  ABC if its centroid is the origin and the
vertices A, B are A(1, 1, 1) and B(-2, 4, 1) respectively.
8. If (3, 2, -1), (4, 1, 1) and (6, 2, 5) are three vertices and (4, 2, 2) is the centroid of
a tetrahedron, find the fourth vertex.
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9. Find the fourth vertex of the parallelogram whose consecutive vertices are (2,4,-1),
(3, 6,-1) and (4,5,1).
6. Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios
7 Marks
1. Find the direction cosines of two lines which are connected by the relations
l  m  n  0 and mn  2nl  2lm  0 .
2. Find the direction cosines of two which are connected by the relations l-
5m+3n=0 and 7l2+5m2-3n2=0.
3. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations
l+m+n=0, l2+m2-n2=0.
4. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equa-
tions 3l + m + 5n = 0 and 6mn - 2nl + 5lm = 0.
5. Find the angle between two diagonals of a cube.
6. Show that the lines whose d.c.'s are given by l + m + n = 0, 2mn + 3nl - 5lm = 0
are perpedicular to each other.
7. If a ray makes angles  ,  ,  ,  with the four diagonals of a cube find cos2  +
cos2  + cos2  +cos2  .
7. The Plane
2 Marks
1. Find the equation of the plane whose intercepts on X, Y, Z-axes are 1, 2, 4 re-
spectively.
2. Find the intercepts of the plane 4x + 3y - 2z + 2 = 0 on the coordinate axes.
3. Find the d.c.'s of the normal to the plane x + 2y + 2z - 4 = 0
4. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-2, 1, 3) and having (3,
-5, 4) as d.r.'s of its normal.
5. Find the angle between the planes x + 2y + 2z - 5 = 0 and 3x + 3y + 2z - 8 = 0.
6. Show that the points (0, -1, 0), (2, 1, -1), (1, 1, 1), (3, 3, 0) are coplanar.
8. Limits and Continuity
2 Marks
1. Compute the following limits.
 2 3
i. lim
x 1

x2  2x  3  ii) lim 
x2 x  1
 
x

x 2  8 x  15
iii) lim
x 3 x2  9
 2x 
2. Show that xlim   x  13
0   x 
 
3. Compute lim x   x  and xlim
2 
x   x  .
x 2 

a x 1
4. Compute lim a  0, b  0, b  1
x0bx 1
5. Compute the following limits.
cos x
 2x 1  lim sin ax
i. lim   ii.

x   iii. lim
x 1 3 x 2  4 x  5 2 x 
   2
x0 x cos x

sin  x  1 e7 x  1
iv. lim v. lim
x 1 x2 1  x0 x
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 x 2  3x  2
6. Compute lim
x 3 x2  6x  9
8 x  3x
7. Compute lim
x  3 x  2 x

 sin 2x
 if x  1
8. Is f defined by f (x)   x continuous at ?
 1 if x  1
4 Marks
1  cos mx
1. Compute lim ,n  0
x0 1  cos nx

2. Compute lim
x 
 x 1  x 
3. Compute lim
x 
 x2  x  x 
4. Compute lim
sin  cos2 x
.
 
x0 x2
 3x  1 
5. Compute x0 
lim 
 1 x 1

1 2

 2 x  4  if 0  x  2
f (x)   0 if x  2
6. Check the continuity of the folloing function at 2. 
2  8x 3 if x  2

k 2 x  k if x 1
7. If f given by f  x    , is a continuous function R, then find the val-
 2 if x 1
ues of k.

 cos ax  cos bx
 if x0
x2
 1
f ( x)   (b 2  a 2 ) if x0
8. Show that  2 where a,b are real constants is



continuous at 0.

9. Differentiation
2 Marks
1. If f  x  sin log x ,  x  0  find f '  x  .
2. If f  x   x 3  6 x 2  12 x  13100 , find f '  x  .
3. Find the derivatives of the followin functions f(x).
(i) 5 sin x + ex log x
4. If f(x) = 1 + x + x2 + ..... x100 then find f `(1)
5. If f(x) = 2x2 + 3x - 5 the prove that f ` (0) + 3f `(-1) = 0

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6. If f  x  logsec x  tan x  , then f '  x  .

dy
7. If y  logsin log x  , find .
dx
8. Find the derivative of the following functions.
1  cos 2 x
i) ii) x Tan-1 x
1  cos 2 x
iii) log (tan 5x) iv) Tan-1 (log x)
1
v) e Sin x
9. Find the derivatives of the following functions.
 2x 
i) Sin-1 (3x - 4x3) ii) Sin-1  2 
 1 x 

1  1  1 
(iii) Sec  2  0  x  
 2 x  1  2
4 Marks
1. Find the derivatives of the following functions f(x) from the first principles.
(i)sin 2x (ii) cos ax (iii) tan 2x
(iv) cot x (v) x sin x (vi) cos2 x
7 Marks
Establish the following

dy 1 y2
1) If 2 2
1  x  1  y = a (x - y) then 
dx 1 x2

dy y 1  log x log y 
2) If x log y
= log x then 
dx x  
log 2 x 

-1  2 x  -1  3x - x 3   4x - 4x 3  dy 1
3) If y  Tan  1  x 2   Tan    Tan - 1
2 
 2

4  then 
   1 - 3x   1 - 6x  x  dx 1  x 2

dy y ( x log y  y )
4) If xy = yx then 
dx x( y log x  x)

5. Find the derivative of the function sin x log x  x sin x

 1  x2  1  x 2 
 for 0  x  1 , find dy .
1
6. If y  Tan  2 2
 1  x  1  x  dx

dy
7. Find for the function x = 3 cos t - 2 cos3 t, y = sin t - 2 sin3 t
dx

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 10. Applications of Derivatives
2 Marks
1. Find dy and y of y  f  x   x 2  x at x  10 when x  0.1 .
2. Find  y and dy for the following functions for the values of x and x which are
shown against each of the functions.
i) . y = x2 + 3x + 6, when x = 10,  x = 0.01.
ii). y = ex +x. x = 5 and  x = 0.02.
iii). y = 5x2 + 6x + 6, x = 2 and  x = 0.001
3. Find the approximate value of 82
4. Find the approximate value of 3
999 .

5. If the increase in the side of a square is 4%, find the approximate percentage of
increase in the area of the square.

6. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y = 3x4 - 4x at x = 4.

x
7. Find the lengths of subtangent and subnormal at a point on the curve y = b sin .
a
8. State lagrange’s mean value theorem.
9. Verify Rolle's theorem for the following function (i) x 2  1 on  1, 1

f b   f a 
11. Find 'c', so that f ' c   in the following case : (i) f  x   e x ; a  0, b  1
ba
12. Define strictly increasing (increasing) and strictly decreasing (decreasing)
function.
13. Define stationary point.
4 Marks
1. Find the equations of tangent and normal to the curve xy = 10 at (2, 5).
2. Find the equations of tagent and normal to the curve y = x3 + 4x2 at (-1, 3).
1 1 1
3. Show that the tangent at P(x1, y1) on the curve x  y  a is y 2  x x 2  a 2 .
1 1

x x
a  a a

.
4. Find the lengths of normal and subnormal at a point on the curve y  e e
2  

5. Find the lengths of subtangent subnormal at a point t on the curve
x = a (cos t + t sin t), y = a (sin t - t cos t).
6. Show that the curves 6x2 - 5x + 2y = 0 and 4x2 + 8y2 = 3 touch each other at
1 1
 , .
2 2

7. Find intervals on which f x   x 2  3 x  8 is increasing or decreasing?

8. A particle is moving in a straight line so that after t seconds its distance is s (in
cms) from a fixed point on the line is given by s  f t   8t  t 3 . Find (i) the velocity at
time t = 2 sec (ii) the initial velocity (iii) acceleration at t = 2 sec.
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9. A particle is moving along a straight line has the relation s  t 3  2t  3 , connecting
the distance s described by the particle in time t. Find the velocity and accelera-
tion of the particle at t = 4 seconds.
10. The distance-time formula for the motion of a particle along a straight line is s
= t - 9t2 + 24t - 18. Find when and where the velocity is zero.
3

11. The displacement s of a particle travelling in a straight lline in t seconds is

given by s  45t  11t 2  t 3 . Find when the particle comes to rest.
7 Marks
2 2 2
1. If the tangent at any point on the curve x 3  y 3  a 3 intersects te coordinate axes in
A and B, then show that the length AB is a constant.
2. If the tangent at any point P on the curve xmyn = am+n (mn  0) meets the coordi-
nate axes in A, B, then show that AP : BP is constant.
3. At any point t on the curve x = a (t + sin t), y = a (1 - cos t), find the lengths of
tangent, normal, subtangent and subnormal.
4. Show that the curves y 2  4 x  1 and y 2  369  x  intersect orthogonally.
5. Find the angle between the cuves y2 = 4x ; x2 + y2 = 5.
6. Find the angle between the cuves y2 = 8x ; 4x2 + y2 = 32.
7. Find two positive numbers whose sum is 15 so that the sum of their squares is
minimum.
8. Find two positive integers whose sum is 16 and the sum of whose squares is
minimum.
9. Find two positive integers x and y such that x  y  60 and xy3 is maximum.
10. From a rectangle sheet of dimensions 30 cm  80 cm ., four equal squares of side x
cm. are removed at the corners, and the sides are then turned up so as to form an
open rectangular box. Find the value of x, find the volume of the box is the great-
est.
11. If the curved suface of right circular cylinder inscribed in a radius r is maximum,
show that the height of the cylinder is 2 r .
12. A window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. If the
perimeter of the window is 20 ft., so that the maximum area.