4th Quarter
Module 9
READING&
WRITING
MODULE
Identify the Unique features and
requirements in composing a Research
Report
Arranged by :
Elladine Sanchez
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................1
WONDER ................................................................................................1
Task 1 .....................................................................................................2
INVESTIGATE ..........................................................................................4
Task 2 .....................................................................................................4
What is a Research Report? ...................................................................5
Structure of a Research Report ..............................................................6
Features of a Research Report .............................................................10
Characteristics of a good Research Report ..........................................10
ELABORATE ..........................................................................................15
Task 3 ...................................................................................................15
Task 4 ...................................................................................................15
Task 5 ...................................................................................................18
Task 6 .................................................................................................. 20
REFLECT ................................................................................................24
Task 7 ...................................................................................................24
REFERENCES .........................................................................................25
INTRODUCTION TO
THE LESSON
What I Need to Know
By the end of this module you should be able to:
Identify the main sections and features of a research report.
Classify information under the appropriate sections of a research
report.
Explain why credibility and clarity are essential in a research
report.
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are expected to do the
following:
Read every question and instruction carefully.
Really take the time to not just memorize but understand the
information given to you.
Ask your teacher for clarification or your classmates for their own
thoughts if you feel confused, just DO NOT copy their answers for
the activity section.
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WONDER
Task 1
[Link] I KNOW: Mind Mapping
Before proceeding to the main topic, let’s test your prior knowledge!
Shown below is an illustration of a mind map with the word “Research
Report” at the center of it. In the empty circles surrounding it, add five other
words that you associate with it.
Research Report
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[Link] TO KEEP IN MIND
Below are some guides questions that would be helpful to keep in
mind while you go through this module:
What makes a research report different from a research
paper?
Is purpose important when making a research report?
Is structure important when making a research report?
What would happen if your research contained questionable
sources of information?
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INVESTIGATE
Task 2
A. WHAT DO i MEAN?
Match the following technical terms in Column A to its corresponding
definition in Column B.
Column A Column B
A. This is where you will indicate the books, journals, and
1. Abstract the other online references that you have read in the
conduct of the research.
2. Research Report
B. It is a representation of evidence in support of a clear
3. Methodology
thesis statement based on organized ideas and factual
4. Introduction information from different sources
5. References C. It contains the rationale for conducted the research,
and the justification on the importance of the research
and how it contributes to the existing knowledge of the
discipline.
D. It includes the research designs, respondents, sampling
techniques and the description of how the study was
conducted.
E. It summarizes the intent of the research, the significant
findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
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DISCOVER
A. What is a Research Report?
A research report is a well-crafted document that outlines the
processes, data, and findings of a systematic investigation. It is an
important document that serves as a first-hand account of the
research process, and it is typically considered an objective and
accurate source of information.
In many ways, a research report can be considered as a summary of
the research process that clearly highlights findings,
recommendations, and other important details. Reading a well-
written research report should provide you with all the information
you need about the core areas of the research process.
A research report is like a detailed map of your study. It clearly
explains what you set out to discover, how you went about it, what
you found, and why it matters. By organizing your work this way,
others can understand your process, trust your results, and use your
findings to inform their own decisions or further research. In short,
it's a way to share your discoveries in a clear and trustworthy
manner.
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B. What makes it different from a Research Paper?
The term research report and research paper are often used
interchangeably. Although both of these assignments require
research, they do differ in several ways. In a nutshell, the student
writing a research report does some research and churns out facts,
while the student writing the research paper analyzes a topic and
forms an opinion.
A research report is basically a summary of what the student has
learned through their exploration of a topic in books,
encyclopedias or the Internet. On the other hand, the research
paper contains the student’s analysis and opinion of a subject. He
will still do a fair amount of research and his paper should still
include some summary information.
C. Structure of a Research Report
In educational research, preparing a research report is very
important as it is the stage where the findings of research are
disseminated to the stakeholder. The research report
communicates the others the procedure and the results of an
investigation or inquiry.
The following are suggested parts of a research report and their
examples:
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✓Title
✓Abstract
✓Introduction
✓Methodology
✓Results and Discussion
✓Conclusion
✓References
Title
This is the title of your systematic investigation. Your title should
be concise and point to the aims, objectives, and findings of a
research report.
Abstract
The abstract summarizes the intent of the research, the significant
findings, conclusion, and recommendations. For most research
report, the abstract should not exceed more than 300 words.
An abstract is an overview that highlights all important aspects of
the research including the research method, data collection
process, and research findings. Think of an abstract as a summary
of your research report that presents pertinent information in a
concise manner.
The focus of your research abstract should be the 5Ws and 1H
format – What, Where, Why, When, Who and How.
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Introduction
The introduction contains the rationale for conducting the
research. It contains the justification on the importance of the
research and how it contributes to the existing knowledge of the
discipline. It also includes literature that reveals gaps or
affirmations which would establish the need for the study.
Here, the researcher highlights the aims and objectives of the
systematic investigation as well as the problem which the
systematic investigation sets out to solve. When writing the report
introduction, it is also essential to indicate whether the purposes
of the research were achieved or would require more work.
In the introduction section, the researcher specifies the research
problem and also outlines the significance of the systematic
investigation. Also, the researcher is expected to outline any
jargons and terminologies that are contained in the research.
Methodology
The methodology includes the research design, respondents,
sampling techniques and the description of how the study was
conducted. It typically features a description of the
participants/subjects that were involved, the study design, the
materials that were used, and the study procedure. If there were
multiple experiments, then each experiment may require a
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Methods section. A rule of thumb is that the Methods section
should be sufficiently detailed for another researcher to duplicate
your research.
Results and Discussion
This explains the results of the study. It also includes interpretation
and in-depth analysis of the results and their implications.
Here, you are expected to present a justification for each outcome
and show whether the results are in line with your hypotheses or if
other research studies have come up with similar results.
Conclusion
This is a summary of all the information in the report. It also
outlines the significance of the entire study.
References
This section contains a list of all the primary and secondary
research sources.
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C. Features of a Research Report
It is a detailed presentation of research processes and
findings, and it usually includes tables and graphs.
It is written in a formal language.
A research report is usually written in the third person.
It is informative and based on first-hand verifiable
information.
It is formally structured with headings, sections, and bullet
points.
It always includes recommendations for future actions.
C. Characteristics of a good Research Report
Accuracy
Report information must be accurate and based on facts,
credible sources and data to establish reliability and
trustworthiness. It should not be biased by the personal
feelings of the writer. The information presented must be
as precise as possible.
Clarity and Completeness
The report must be straightforward, lucid, and
comprehensive in every aspect. Ambiguity should be
avoided at all costs. Clarity is achieved through the
strategic and practical organization of information. Report
writers should divide their report into short paragraphs
with headings and insert other suitable signposts to
enhance clarity.
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Simplicity
The language of a research report should be as simple as
possible to ensure easy understanding. A good report
communicates its message clearly and without ambiguity
through its language.
Brevity
A report should concisely convey the key points without
unnecessary length, ensuring that the reader’s patience is
not lost and ideas are not confused. Many times, people
lack the time to read lengthy reports.
Appearance
A report requires a visually appealing presentation and,
whenever feasible, should be attention-grabbing. An
effective report depends on the arrangement,
organization, format, layout, typography, printing quality,
and paper choice.
Comprehensibility and Readability
The writer must present the facts in elegant and
grammatically correct English so that the reader is
compelled to read the report from beginning to end.
Reliability
Reports should be reliable and should not create an
incorrect impression in the minds of readers due to
oversight or neglect. The facts presented in a report
should be relevant and should come from trust-worthy
sources.
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Economy
Report writing should not create unnecessary expenses.
Cost-effective methods should be used to maintain a
consistent level of quality when communicating the
content.
Timelines
Reports can be valuable and practical when they reach the
readers promptly. Any delay in the submission of reports
renders the preparation of reports futile and sometimes
obsolete.
Logical Content
The points mentioned in a report should be arranged in a
step-by-step logical sequence and not haphazardly.
Distinctive points should have self-explanatory headings
and sub-headings. The scientific accuracy of facts is very
essential for a report.
Another way to determine the credibility of a source is through
evaluating it with a credibility checklist. This one was created by
the MLA Style center:
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ELABORATE
Task 3
A. REMEMBER ME
Enumerate the structure of a research report:
1. ______________________
2. ______________________
3. ______________________
4. ______________________
5. ______________________
6. ______________________
7. ______________________
Task 4
B. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Write the letter of the correct answer on your notebook or paper.
1. What is the primary purpose of a research paper?
a. To entertain readers
b. To inform and present findings
c. To express personal opinions
d. To summarize existing literature.
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1.
2. Which section of a research paper provides a summary of the
entire study?
a. Introduction
b. Literature Review
c. Abstract
d. Conclusion
3. Which section of a research paper explains the background and
significance of the topic?
a. Introduction
b. Abstract
c. Methodology
d. Conclusion
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good
research paper?
a. Uses reliable sources
b. Has a clear structure
c. Includes random fun facts
d. Presents evidence-based arguments
5. Which section details the procedures and steps taken during
the research?
a. Results
b. Discussion
c. Methodology
d. Conclusion
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5. sd
6. Where should the limitations of the study be discussed?
a. Introduction
b. Results and Discussion
c. Conclusion
d. Methodology
7. Which writing style is most appropriate for a research paper?
a. Informal and conversational
b. Strictly informative and straightforward
c. Poetic and descriptive
d. Persuasive and argumentative
8. How does logical sequence contribute to the effectiveness of a
research report?
a. It allows for random presentation of ideas.
b. It ensures that ideas are presented in a structured and
coherent order.
c. It emphasizes the use of technical terms.
d. It focuses on the visual design of the report.
9. What does the characteristic of brevity emphasize in a research
report?
a. Using elaborate descriptions
b. Including as much information as possible
c. Being concise and to the point, avoiding unnecessary
details
d. Using complex language to demonstrate expertise
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10. Why is it important to use credible sources in a research paper?
a. To increase the length of the paper
b. To ensure the information is accurate and trustworthy
c. To make the paper more entertaining
d. To fulfill a requirement
Task 5
C. CREDIBLE OR QUESTIONABLE
Using what you’ve learned about assessing the credibility of a
source for a research report or paper, analyze the given situations
and identify whether each scenario generates a source that is
credible or questionable.
If you think the scenario is CREDIBLE indicate it by writing the
letter “C”, if you think the scenario is QUESTIONABLE, indicate it
by writing the letter “Q.” Write your answer on your notebook or
paper.
#1 SITUATION: You're researching the health benefits of a
new dietary supplement and find an article on a website that
sells the supplement. The article praises the supplement's
effectiveness but doesn't reference any scientific studies or
provide author credentials.
ANSWER: ______
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#2 SITUATION: For a history project on World War II, you
discover a personal blog where the author shares detailed
accounts of their grandfather's experiences during the war.
The blog includes vivid stories but lacks citations or verifiable
information.
ANSWER: ______
#3 SITUATION: You're studying how social media affects
mental health and find a peer-reviewed article in a well-
known psychology journal. The article explains its methods,
data, and cites other scholarly works.
ANSWER: ______
#4 SITUATION: You're researching climate change and find a
news article with bold claims but no author information,
sources, or links to original research. The website has many
pop-up ads and sensational headlines.
ANSWER: ______
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#5 SITUATION: For a paper on renewable energy, you find a
government report from the U.S. Department of Energy
published two years ago. The report includes detailed data,
methods, and references to various studies.
ANSWER: ______
Task 6
D. WHAT PART AM I?
Using what information you learn from the contents of each part
of a Research Report, IDENTIFY which part each excerpt might
come from.
1.
“There is a need to analyze the teachers’ learning in the
workplace in order to bring about concrete evidence of what
and how teachers learn. It is in this milieu that the study is
conceived to find out various learning constructs of teachers
including what they learned in the workplace, how learning
took place and the sources of learning. The study also looked
into the factors that motivated the teachers to learn in the
workplace.“
ANSWER: __________________
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2.
“The study was a qualitative-quantitative research which
employed checklists, story frames and interview schedule to
delve deeper into the areas, sources of learning and learning
processes of teachers. Six workplaces from higher education
institutions in the Philippines were selected for the purpose of
the study. “
ANSWER: __________________
4.
“Abbott, M. L., & Fouts, J. T. (2003). Constructivist teaching
and student achievement:Theresultsofaschool-
levelclassroomobservationstudyin Washington. Technical
Report #5. Lynnwood, WA: Washington School Research
Center.“
ANSWER: __________________
3.
“Learning in the Workplace of Teacher Educators in the
Philippines by Filomena T. Dayagbil “
ANSWER: __________________
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5.
“This research was conceived to find out the learning
constructs of teacher educators including what they learned in
the workplace, the sources of learning and the factors that
motivated teachers to learn. The study revealed that the
workplace was a rich avenue for learning where teachers in
higher education institutions learned the professional
concepts and human relationship skills necessary for effective
practice. “
ANSWER: __________________
6.
“ The finding supports Knowles (1980) theory on adult
learning which states that adults prefer to learn things for
immediate application of knowledge. The immediacy of
application in college teaching is lesser in the manipulative
skills compared to the professional concepts and skills which
are of immediate use in the teaching learning process.“
ANSWER: __________________
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7.
“ In conclusion, The workplace is a rich avenue for learning
wherein the teacher educators acquire the professional
concepts/skills and the human relationship skills necessary for
effective practice. It is in the workplace where teachers are
confronted with practical situations. They reflect and do
something about the situation, thereby learn something from
it. The teachers’ stories and narratives are embodiment of the
accounts of their lives as educators. These stories reflect
teachers’ learning, insights and realizations as they
continuously make sense of the reality in the workplace.
Various factors affect teachers’ motivation for learning in the
workplace. “
ANSWER: __________________
8.
“ The respondents claimed that it was in the workplace where
they learned to relate well with others. One teacher shared:
“When you are a neophyte in the university, some of the
teachers are skeptical about you. They doubt your capacity to
teach, and they test your ability to get along with them.” “
ANSWER: __________________
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REFLECT
Read carefully and answer the following questions.
1. Why do you think credibility and clarity is important in a research report?
How would the lack of these characteristics affect the report?
2. Why should a research report have a proper structure? What would
happen if it didn’t have one or if the information gathered was disorganized?
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REFERENCES
Arya, & Arya. (2024, March 20). Research Report Meaning, Characteristics and
Types. DynamicStudyHuB. [Link]
[Link]. (2020, October 7). Research Report: Definition, Types + [Writing
Guide]. Formplus. [Link]
Hudson, P. (2013, May 7). Research report or research paper?
[Link]
Research Paper structure. (n.d.). [Link]
program/undergraduate-resources/academic-writing-resources/writing-
research-papers/[Link]
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