11/12

11/12
English for Academic
and Professional
Purposes (EAPP)

Q2/Q4-Module 7
Summarizing Findings Through
Narrative and Visual/Graphic Forms
What I Need to Know
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
Summarizes findings and executes the report through narrative and visual/graphic
forms. (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-11)

Objectives:
At the end of this module, the students should be able to:
1. make a summary of the information acquired; and
2. execute the report through narrative and visual/graphic forms.

What I Know
Directions: Read the following statements and answer the following questions. Write the letter
of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the methods of displaying data uses pie slices?

a. Bar graph c. Pictograph
b. Line graph d. Pie chart

2. It is a graph that uses symbols to present and compare data. These graphs are often
used where there are people who need to understand things, even if they do not read
or speak the language.
a. Bar graph c. Pie graph
b. Line graph d. Pictograph

3. This refers to the systematic representation of data with rows and columns.
a. Graphs c. Charts
b. Tables d. Tally Marks

4. These are often used to make a frequency distribution table.

a. Tally Marks c. Tables
b. Line graph d. Charts

5. The graph shows the number of visitors at a museum over six days. Find the
weekday when there was the greatest number of visitors in a day?

a. Thursday c. Friday
b. Wednesday d. Saturday

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 1 of 13

 LESSON 7 SUMMARIZING FINDINGS THROUGH
NARRATIVE AND VISUAL/GRAPHIC FORMS

What’s In
Directions: Study the definition and word forms. Then, arrange the letters in bold to form the
correct word for each item below. Write the word on a separate paper.

1. The act of examining a process or YUESRV

questioning a selected sample of
individuals to obtain data about a
service, product, or process.

2. A data collection method where PXMTNEIREE

you as a researcher change some
variables and observe their effect
on other variables.

3. A data collection method, by TIBOVAESRNO

which you gather knowledge of
the researched phenomenon
through making observations of
the phenomena, as and when it
occurs.
NDTSERONPSE
4. The people who actually take part
in the survey.
OLAUNPTIPO
5. The group of individuals who are
trying to research by conducting a
survey.

TIRAODMZNIANO
6. A process of randomly assigning
subjects to treatment groups.

IONLIPERCAT
7. The ability to reproduce the
experiment under similar
conditions.

8. Used when it is important to have FIEDTRSATI MLEPSA

members from multiple segments
of the population.

9. Can be used when the population RETSLUC INGMLPSA

naturally falls into subgroups with
similar characteristics.

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 2 of 13

 MAICYSSETT INGMLPSA
10. Involves assigning a number to
each member of the population
and ordering them in some way.

What’s New
Directions: Identify the type of graphical representation used in the following pictures
below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 2. 3.

__________ __________ __________

4. 5.

__________ __________

What Is It
Hello once again, young learners! You are now in the next part of your learning module. After
a series of making a survey, distributing, and gathering data, now it is time for you to make a summary
of what you have gathered.
Reporting and Discussing Findings
Discuss Findings
In the discussion of the findings, you have an opportunity to develop the story you found in the
data, making connections between the results of your analysis and existing theory and research.
While the amount of discussion required in a thesis may vary according to discipline, all disciplines
expect some interpretation of the findings that make these connections. These are the key points you
need to follow to make the summary of your findings understandable and reliable.

Use the first person to describe the findings Ex. My data shows…
Consistently use this to refer to your Ex. This study…
research and refer to previous research by The findings of this research…
name, place, or time Smith and Geva found that…
A previous study in Belgrade
Make reference to similarities or differences Ex.
in approach or findings Similar research carried out in the 1980s
showed that…
Use the present perfect tense to highlight Ex.
the recent relevance of your research in The study has shown a prevalence rate of
comparison with earlier research, referring 2.5 which is greater than that found by
to it in the simple. Smith and Geva in their Belgrade study.

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 3 of 13

Using cautious language
Discussing results and drawing conclusions involves making claims about interpretation,
significance, and applicability. This is done within a research tradition where existing knowledge is
always being modified in the light of new results. As a researcher, you are expected to distinguish
carefully between:
the knowledge you are sure of because you have reliable evidence for it
other knowledge you are less sure of
other knowledge you think is only within the realms of possibility

Therefore, very strong claims, like the one below, are rare in academic writing.
Reducing fat intake lowers the risk of heart disease.

A claim like this which implies that the statement is true in every case cannot be
supported with evidence. Claims should therefore be specific, and the level of certainty must
match the level of evidence.

There are many methods used in academic writing to qualify a claim.

1. Indicate the degree of probability (note how the claim progressively weakens).

It is certain that

It is very probable / highly likely that

It is likely that reducing fat intake lowers
the risk of heart disease
It is possible that
It is unlikely that

Reducing fat intake lowers the risk of heart disease.

Reducing fat intake could/might lower the risk of heart disease
Reducing fat intake may lower the risk of heart disease.
2. Distance yourself.
a) From the claim
Reducing fat intake appears to lower the risk of heart disease.
It seems that reducing fat intake lowers the risk of heart disease.
Some researchers suggest that reducing fat intake lowers the risk of heart
disease.
Or b) From the data, by showing its limitations
Some studies indicate that reducing fat intake lowers the risk of heart disease.
For this age group, reducing fat intake lowers the risk of heart disease.
In most of the cases studied, reducing fat intake lowered the risk of heart
disease.
3. Use a qualifying verb.
Reducing fat intake tends to lower the risk of heart disease.
Reducing fat intake contributes to lowering the risk of heart disease.
4. In practice, a combination of these methods is often used.
The majority of studies indicate that for this age group, reducing fat intake
contributes to lowering the risk of heart disease.

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 4 of 13

 Graphical Method of Presenting the Data
To be able to create and present an organized picture of information from a research report,
it is important to use certain techniques to communicate findings and interpretations of research
studies into visual form. The common techniques being used to display results are tabular, textual,
and graphical methods.
Before the actual presentation of data, these non-prose forms must be properly introduced or
described. There are many ways of summarizing your findings based on the data you have collected.
It depends on the type of data you collected.

Tally marks
These are often used to make a frequency distribution table. For example, let’s say you survey
several families and find out how many gadgets they own. The results are 3, 0, 1, 4, 4, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2,
0, 2, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3. The frequency distribution table will make the data easier to understand.

Number of Gadgets Tally Frequency

0 IIII 4
1 IIII-I 6
2 IIII 5
3 III 3
4 II 2
Pictograph
You can also present your data using tables and charts. Pictograph is a way of showing data
using images. Each picture represents a certain frequency.

Month Computers Sold

January

February

March

April

Legend: - 10 computers - 5 computers

Tables
Tables provide exact values and illustrate results efficiently as they enable the researcher to
present a large amount of space. The data, usually shown as specific numerical figures, are arranged
in an orderly display of rows and columns to aid in comparison. Therefore, the readability of both the
results and analyses of variance is enhanced.
The following must be observed in the use of the table:
1. Precise values are better than rounded-off values for they may display patterns and
exceptions.
2. Comparing numbers down a column is better than across a row.
3. Column and row averages provide a visual focus that allows easy inspection of data
After the presentation of the table, there is a need for a written analysis. The use of
different colors is also encouraged for every column or row to make the data stand out.
Tables can be used in the following scenarios:
1. A single category is to be presented in different points. One example is the category
of performance at different points. One example is the category of performance at
different levels.
2. An exact value like the weighted mean or frequency must be emphasized.
3. The data set contains few numbers.

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 5 of 13

 A good table must include the following parts:
1. Title Number and Title -These are places above the table. The title is usually written
right after the table number.
2. Caption Subhead - this refers to columns and rows
3. Body - It contains all the data under each subhead
4. Source - It indicates if the data is secondary, and it should be acknowledged How are
we going to summarize findings from a report using Tables?
Table 1
Sample Weighted Mean of the Responses of the Grade-VI Teachers Regarding Clinical
Supervision during Post-Conference.
Weighted
Behavioral Responses Verbal Interpretation
Mean
1. Accepts all comments and suggestions of the
supervisor. 4.49 Very Apparent
2. Reacts positively to the feedbacks 4.85 Very Apparent
3. Feels nervous 3.03 Apparent
4. Responds normally, thinking of clinical
supervision as a regular process. 3.97 Satisfactory Apparent
5. Shows gratitude to the supervisor for the
pointers given to improve certain areas 4.67 Very Apparent
Average Weighted Mean 4.2 Very Apparent
“Reacts positively to the feedback” is the indicator with the highest weighted mean of
4.85 with an interpretation of “Very Apparent” while the indicator; “Feels nervous”, has the
lowest weighted mean of 3.03 and is verbally interpreted as “Apparent”. This variable has an
average weighted mean of 4.2 and verbally interpreted as “Very Apparent”
Table 2
Profile of Students According to Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 120 40%
Female 180 60%
Total 300 100%
Among 300 respondents, 120 (40%) are males and 180 (60%) are females)
Graph or Chart
A graph or chart portrays the visual presentation of data using symbols, such as lines, dots,
bars, or slices. It depicts a trend of a certain set of measurements or shows the comparison between
two or more sets of data or quantities
Pie Chart
A pie chart is usually used to show how parts of a whole compare to each other and to the
whole. The entire circle represents the total, and the parts are proportional to the amount of the total
they represent.
600
1200

1400

First Second Summer

Figure 1. Sample Total Population of Enrolment of Senior High School (Grade 11) Students for School Year
2014-2015

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 6 of 13

 The Pie chart shows that the highest enrolment of senior high school (Grade 11)
students is recorded in the second semester of the school year 2014-2015 with 1400 enrolees
while the lowest enrolment is listed in the summer term with 600 enrolees.

Bar Graph
A bar graph uses bars to compare categories of data. It may be drawn vertically or horizontally.

A vertical bar graph is best to use when comparing means or percentages between
distinct categories. The categories are measured independently and compared with one
another.

Number of Computers Sold

APRIL
MARCH
FEBRUARY
JANUARY

0 10 20 30 40

A horizontal bar graph may contain more than five categories. A bar graph is plotted
on either the x-axis or y-axis.

100
80
60
40
20
0
English Mathematics Social Science Management
Axis Title

Figure 2. Sample Level of Performance (%) of Senior High School (Grade 11) Students in
Various Subjects
The bar graph shows that the senior high school (Grade 11) students have the highest
level of performance in their Management subject with an average grade of 95% while the
English subject has the lowest level of performance with an average grade of 75%. The two
subjects, Mathematics and Social Science have performance levels between the average
grades of 80% to 85%.

Line Graph / Time Series

Line Graph / Time Series is a graphical presentation of data that shows a continuous change
or trend. It may show an ascending or descending trend.
The graph below shows how people buy music. Summarize the information by
selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 7 of 13

What’s More
A. Directions: Study the graph and the text below and answer the questions that follow.
Choose the correct answer and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

The pie chart shows teenagers’ answers to a survey for New Normal Teenage
Time magazine, which asked them if they do anything else while they watch T.V. It can
be seen that over three-quarters of those surveyed do other things simultaneously.
Over half said they either ate or checked their mobile phone or tablet, while
they were watching TV, while perhaps unsurprisingly, only a few teenagers said that
they read, did exercise or listened to music while watching TV. Eight percent talked to
their families and another 8% said they often did homework and watched TV at the
same time. It is not clear in the pie chart if they did more than one additional activity at
once.
In conclusion, a large proportion of families watch TV while they are eating,
while almost a third of young people divide their attention between several screens at
the same time. This figure may reflect a general trend towards less formal family
mealtimes and a greater level of multi-tasking. However, a significant number of
teenagers still focus fully on the television when they are watching.

1. The proportion of teenagers that did something else while watching TV was
___.
A. more than 50 percent
B. more than 75 percent
C. more than 80 percent
2. We don't know from the survey results ___ while watching TV.
A. what percentage of teenagers read
B. if teenagers talk to their families
C. if teenagers do more than one other activity

3. The most common activities to do while watching TV were ___.

A. chatting to families and reading
B. eating and checking phones or tablets
C. eating and chatting to families

4. The top two activities done while watching TV could show ___.
A. a general trend
B. a very surprising change
C. that teenagers’ habits are the same as they’ve always been

5. The proportion of teenagers that do nothing else while they watch TV is ___.
A. surprisingly small
B. unknown
C. significant

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 8 of 13

 B. Directions: Create a graphical representation of the given data below. Follow what
is indicated after each description.

1. There are 42, 036 barangays in the Philippines. The largest barangay in
terms of population size is Barangay 176 in Caloocan City with 247
thousand persons. It is followed by Commonwealth in Quezon City (198,
295) and Batasan Hills in Quezon City (161, 409). Twelve other barangays
posted a population size of more than a hundred thousand persons.
(Table)
2. In a recent report, the top 5 most-visited English-language websites were
google.com (GOOG), facebook.com (FB), youtube.com (YT), yahoo.com
(YAH), and wikipedia.com (WIKI). The most-visited websites for a sample
of 50 Internet users follow. (Tally Marks)
YAH WIKI YT WIKI GOOG
YT YAH GOOG GOOG GOOG
WIKI GOOG YAH YAH YAH
YAH YT GOOG YT YAH
GOOG FB FB WIKI GOOG
GOOG GOOG FB FB WIKI
FB YAH YT YAH YAH
YT GOOG YAH FB FB
WIKI GOOG YAH WIKI WIKI
YAH YT GOOG GOOG WIKI
3. These are the percentages of the 100 students from Fortitude Senior High
School who responded to a question about their preferred distance learning
modality. (Pie graph)
30% - Modular Learning
10% - Online Learning
5% - Television
5% - radio
50%- blended learning

What I Have Learned

Directions: Now let us sum up what you learned from our lesson by answering the questions
below.

1. What are the different types of graphical representation of data?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What is the importance of these graphical methods in presenting the data?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 9 of 13

What I Can Do
Directions: Below is a survey report from Social Weather Surveys (SW). Create a summary
of the findings through a graphical presentation. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

SWS: 3 of 5 Pinoys believe China concealed COVID-19 info

Published July 14, 2020 2:48pm
By DONA MAGSINO, GMA News
Three out of five Filipinos believe China withheld information about COVID19, which has
already infected 12.7 million people across the globe, according to results of recent Social
Weather Stations (SWS) survey released on Tuesday.
Results of the July 2020 national mobile phone survey show 61% of the respondents
accepted the allegation made by other countries that China did not disclose full information
regarding the coronavirus, including the severity of the disease it causes and the number of
deaths there.
The survey also shows 28% of respondents strongly believe while 33% somewhat
believe the accusation against China. On the other hand, 23% expressed disbelief and 15%
were undecided.

Source: https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/746817/sws-3-of-5-pinoys-believe-china-concealed-covid-
19-info/story/

Assessment
Directions: Read the following statements and answer the following questions. Write the letter
of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the methods of displaying data uses pictures to represent frequency?

A. Bar graph C. Line graph
B. Pictograph D. Pie chart
2. Between which two times was the greatest increase in the number of shoppers?

A. 12pm and 1pm C. 2pm and 3pm

B. 1pm and 2pm D. 10am and 11am
3. Which is probably the most common way of displaying data?
A. Bar graph C. Line graph
B. Pictograph D. Pie chart
4. A graphical presentation of data that shows a continuous change or trend. It may show
an ascending or descending trend.
A. Bar graph C. Line graph
B. Pictograph D. Pie chart

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 10 of 13

 5. What is this graph showing you?

A. The world’s population is staying the same.

B. The world’s population is going down (decreasing).
C. The world’s population was growing but now is decreasing.
D. The world’s population has been growing and will continue to grow.
6. What age group makes up 0.2 percent of the Philippines' population in 2017?

A. Under 15 C. 60-74
B. 85+ D. not stated in the graph
7. This provides exact values and illustrates results efficiently as they enable the
researcher to present a large amount of space.
A. Chart C. Tables
B. Line Graph D. Tally Marks
8. This is best to use when comparing means or percentages between distinct categories.
A. Line Graph C. Vertical bar graph
B. Horizontal bar graph D. Pictograph
9. This is a type of graph that may contain more than five categories and is plotted on
either the x-axis or y-axis.
A. Line Graph C. Vertical bar graph
B. Horizontal bar graph D. Pictograph
10. Which movie genre is liked best by all age groups?

A. Action C. Comedy
B. Horror D. Romance

Additional Activities
Directions: Create a summary of your findings based on the graphical presentation
presented below.

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 11 of 13

 Rubric
Needs
Very
More Fair Good Excellent Score
CRITERIA Good
Effort
1 2 3 4 5
Content
There should be originality of ideas. It is well
explained by using the data to support the
presentation.
Organization
The ideas are organized smoothly using the
different transition devices.
Language and Style
There is accuracy in grammar, spelling, and
punctuation.
There is the appropriateness of vocabulary
used.
TOTAL:

References

http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/sites/teens/files/writing_about_survey_results_-
_exercises.pdf

https://www.cambridgeinternational.org/Images/307704-hodder-checkpoint-maths-spread.pdf

https://www.rds-yh.nihr.ac.uk/wp-
content/uploads/2013/05/12_Surveys_and_Questionnaires_Revision_2009.pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/mjlobetos/lesson-26-presenting-and-interpreting-data-in-tabular-and-
graphical-froms

https://www.monash.edu/rlo/graduate-research-writing/write-the-thesis/writing-the-thesis-
chapters/reporting-and-discussing-your-findings

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/recent-report-top-5-visited-english-
language-web-sites-googlecom-goog-facebookcom-fb-youtu-q14616853

https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-
housing/title/Population%20of%20the%20National%20Capital%20Region%20%28Based%20on%2
0the%202015%20Census%20of%20Population%29

https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/746817/sws-3-of-5-pinoys-believe-china-
concealed-covid-19-info/story/

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 12 of 13

 Answer Key

WHAT I KNOW WHAT’S MORE WHAT I HAVE

LEARNED
1. d A.
2. d Answers may
3. b 1. b vary
4. a 2. c
5. c 3. b WHAT I CAN DO
4. a
WHAT’S IN 5. c Answers may
vary
1. SURVEY B.
2. EXPERIMENT
1. ASSESSMENT
3. OBSERVATION Most Populous Barangays in the
Philippines 1. D
4. RESPONDENTS Barangay City/ Population
Municipality
2. A
5. POPULATION Barangay Caloocan 3. A
247,000
176 City 4. C
6. RANDOMIZATION Commonwealth Quezon City 198,295 5. D
Batasan Hills Quezon City 161,409
7. REPLICATION 6. B
2.
7. C
8. STRATIFIED SAMPLE
Most Visited 8. C
9. CLUSTER SAMPLING English
Tally Frequency 9. B
Language
Websites
10. C
10. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
Google |||| |||| |||| 14

WHAT’S NEW Facebook |||| || 7

Youtube |||| || 7
1. Tally Marks Yahoo |||| |||| ||| 13
2. Line Graph Wikipedia |||| |||| 9
3. Pie Chart
4. Pictograph
3.
5. Table
Distance Learning
Modality
Modular
Learning
Online Learning
30%
TV
50%
10% Radio
5%5%
Blended
Learning

EAPP Module 7 – Quarter II/IV, Page 13 of 13