Differentiate between ML and DL.

MACHINE LEARNING

uses set of algorithms

ML helps machines to learn on its own

In ML users have to provide the data sets. DL allows extraction of data automatically

In ML training has to be given

In ML only limited datasets are used.

Eg. Face ID recognition, Email spam filter, Alexa, ..

DEEP LEARNING

DL uses neural networks and develop its algorithm on its own

DL enables machines to experience, predict and to solve complex problems.

DL is capable of training on its own

DL is capable of dealing with large datasets.

Eg. Automated cars, weather forecast.

Mention four examples of artificially intelligent applications in our smartphones.

Phone Smart Lock / Snapchat filter / Shopping websites / Netflix / YouTube /

Face Detection / Google Maps / Emotions recognition / Google assistant /

Natural language recognition / image detection / beauty filters etc.

Mention four examples of machines that are smart but not AI.

Automatic gates in shopping malls / remote control drones/ a fully automatic washing machine/

Air Conditioner/ Refrigerator/ Robotic toy cars/ Television etc.

Differentiate between what is AI and what is not AI with

Name any two examples of Data science?

Price Comparison Websites/ Website Recommendations/ Fraud and Risk detection/

Internet search/ Personalized healthcare recommendations / Optimising Traffic routes in real-time /

image tagging.

Name any two examples of Computer vision?

Self-Driving cars/ Autonomous vehicles Face Lock in Smartphones/ MedicalImaging/

Facial recognition /Security Systems / Waste Management / Satellite imaging.

Name any two examples of Natural Language Processing?

Email filters/Smart assistants/ Sentiment Analysis/Automatic Summarization/Search

results / Language translation / Digital phone calls.

Name any two examples of Machine Learning?

Virtual Personal Assistants, Recommendation systems like Netflix, Face Apps, Online Fraud Detection

Identify the image and explain the learning approaches

Supervised learning

Supervised learning is a type of machine learning where the model is trained on labeled data,

meaning the data is already tagged with the correct output.

we can say that the dataset is known to the person who is training the machine.

The goal of supervised learning is to learn a mapping between input data and the corresponding output labels,

so the model can make predictions on new, unseen data.

Example: Image Classification

Let's say we want to build a model that can classify images of animals into three categories: dogs, cats, and birds.

There are two types of Supervised Learning models:

Classification

Regression

Classification

Where the data is classified according to the labels.

This model works on discrete dataset which means the data need not be continuous.

The goal of a classification model is to learn a mapping between input data and a set of predefined classes or
labels.
For example, in the grading system, students are classified on the basis of the grades they obtain with respect to
their marks in the examination.

Regression model: this models work on continuous data.

So, the data which has been fed to the machine is continuous.

Regression analysis is a statistical method used to establish a relationship between two or more variables.

It helps to understand how the value of a dependent variable (target variable) changes when one or more
predictor variables are varied.

For example, if you wish to predict your next salary, then you would put in the data of your previous salary, any
increments, etc., and would train the model.

Clustering:

Refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data according to the patterns or
trends identified out of it.

The patterns observed might be the ones which are known to the developer or it might even come up with some
unique patterns out of it

Clustering Applications

1. Customer Segmentation: Clustering customers based on demographics, behavior, and preferences to

identify target audiences.
2. Image Segmentation: Clustering pixels in an image to identify objects or regions of interest.
3. Gene Expression Analysis: Clustering genes based on their expression levels to identify patterns and
relationships.
4. Recommendation Systems: Clustering users based on their ratings or preferences to recommend
products or services.

What is intelligence
Intelligence is a mental quality
Intelligence is the ability to learn, understanding, self-awareness, learning,
emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and
problem-solving.
It consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situations,
understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to perform a task
efficiently.

Define artificial intelligence.

Artificial is something which is man-made.
AI is the ability of machines to mimic human traits and works similar to how
human brains learn,think,analyse to perform a task.
AI helps in making decisions, predicting the future, learning and improving on its
own, it is said to have artificial intelligence.
A machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish tasks by itself - collect
data, understand it, analyse it, learn from it, and improve it
Explain the applications of AI in detail.
a. Google Search Engine:
● With the help of AI, Google Search Engine has been turned into Intelligent search which
is a new network of systems that produces direct answers.
● It uses voice and image searches.
● Google lens helps in search from image or video.
● It has included deep learning to fasten the searches with more accuracy.
b. Voice assistant:
● AI is being used in voice assistants to recognize words spoken by the user.
● NLP has capabilities like “Speech-to-Text” converts the natural language of the user into
text for further processing.
● As the digital assistant answers more and more queries, it “learns” using ML algorithms.
● The more tasks it performs, its ML algorithms help it “learn” from the tasks and the
preferences of the user. As a result, the digital assistant improves its performance over
time.
c. E-commerce website:
● With the use of big data, AI in E-Commerce is impacting customer choices by recording
the data of previous purchases, searched products, and online browsing habits.
● Product recommendations provide multiple benefits for E-commerce retailers including:
Higher number of returning customers.

Neural Networks Neural networks are loosely modelled after how neurons in the human brain behave.

The key advantage of neural networks are that they are able to extract data features automatically without
needing the input of the programmer.

A neural network is essentially a system of organizing machine learning algorithms to perform certain tasks.

It is a fast and efficient way to solve problems for which the dataset is very large, such as in images.

As seen in the figure given, the larger Neural Networks tend to perform better with larger amounts of data
whereas the traditional machine learning algorithms stop improving after a certain saturation point.

This is a representation of how neural network work. A Neural Network is divided into multiple layers and each
layer is further divided into several blocks called nodes. Each node has its own task to accomplish which is then
passed to the next layer. The first layer of a Neural Network is known as the input layer. The job of an input layer
is to acquire data and feed it to the Neural Network. No processing occurs at the input layer. Next to it, are the
hidden layers. Hidden layers are the layers in which the whole processing occurs. Their name essentially means
that these layers are hidden and are not visible to the user. Each node of these hidden layers has its own machine
learning algorithm which it executes on the data received from the input layer. The processed output is then fed
to the subsequent hidden layer.

of the network. There can be multiple hidden layers in a neural network system and their number depends upon
the complexity of the function for which the network has been configured. Also, the number of nodes in each
layer can vary accordingly. The last hidden layer passes the final processed data to the output layer which then
gives it to the user as the final output. Similar to the input layer, output layer too does not process the data which
it acquires. It is meant for user-interface.

Some of the features of a Neural Network are,

4W’s template ( format)

Types of Data

For Data Science, usually the data is collected in the form of tables. These tabular datasets can be stored in
different formats. Some of the commonly used formats are:

1. CSV: CSV stands for comma separated values. It is a simple file format used to store tabular data.
Each line of this file is a data record and reach record consists of one or more fields which are separated by
commas.
Since the values of records are separated by a comma, hence they are known as CSV files.
2. Spreadsheet: A Spreadsheet is a piece of paper or a computer program which is used for accounting and
recording data using rows and columns into which information can be entered.
Microsoft excel is a program which helps in creating spreadsheets
3. SQL: SQL is a programming language also known as Structured Query Language.
It is a domain specific language used in programming and is designed for managing data held in different
kinds of DBMS (Database Management System)
It is particularly useful in handling structured data. A lot of other formats of databases also exist, you can
explore them online! Data Access After collecting the data, t