During American Period
• The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who
colonized for more than 300 years.
• June 12, 1898 raised the Philippine flag as a symbol of our
independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was selected the first
president of the Philippine Republic but this was short lived.
• The filipino-american war resulted in the defeat of Gen. Miguel
Malvar in 1903. The peace movements started as early as 1900.
Many filipino started writing again and the nationalism of the
people remain undaunted. Filipino writers went into all forms of
literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays,
essays and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of
country and their longings for independence.
History
•A new group started to write in English. Hence, Spanish,
Tagalog , the Vernaculars and finally , English, were
the mediums used in literature during these times.
•Education became a very important issue for the
united states colonial government, since it allowed it to
spread their cultural values, particularly the english
language, to the Filipino people. By 1901, public education
was institutionalized in the Philippines, with english serving
the medium of instruction.
Essay
- an analytic or interpretative literary compo-
sition usually dealing with its subject from a limited or
personal point of view.
- scholarly and characterized by sobriety,
substance and structure.
- Political, social reflective essays, critical
essays, personal or essays
novels
-an invented prose narrative that is
usually long and complex amd deals especially
with human experience through a usually
connected sequence of events.
Short Story
-an invented prose narrative shorter than
a novel usually dealing with a few characters
and aiming at unity of effect and often
concentrating on the creation of mood rather
than plot.
Three Groups of Writers
q Spanish
-the writers in Spanish are
accustomed to write on nationalism like
honoring Rizal and other heroes.
q English
-the writers in English imitated the themes
and methods of the Americans.
a) Period of Orientation (1898-
1910)
b) Period of Imitation (1910-1925)
c) Period of Self- discovery (1925-
1941)
q Tagalog
a) Poets of the Heart (Makata ng
Puso)
b) Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay)
c) Poets of Stage (Makata ng
Tanghalan)
Three Groups of writers:
Spanish
Cecilio Apostol
v Masterpice : A Rizal
v His poems were used to teach the
Spanish Language (RA 1881)
v “Catulo” - Pen name
Fernando Maria Guerero
v Masterpice : Crisalidas
v Prince of Filipino lyric poets in
Spanish
v Favorite theme: eternal sadness of
things
v “Invocacion A Rizal”
ThreCe Groups of writers:
Spanish
Claro M. Recto
v Masterpice :Bajo los Cocoteros
(Under the Cocobut Trees)
v Bajo los Cocoteros was published in
1911
v The Father of Philippine Constitution
v “Ante El Martir”- dedicated to Rizal
Jesus Balmori
v Masterpice :Mi Casa de Nipa, Mi
Choza de Nipa
v Pen name- Batikuling
v Poet Laureat in Spanish
v Premio Zobel award for
contribution to Philippine Literature
Three Groups of writers:
English
The creation of Philippine literacy works during the
American Period in the Philippines was advance by two
significant developments in education and culture.
In a way, we can say that we can trace the beginnings
of Philippine literature in English with the coming of the
Americans. For this purpose, we can divide this period into three
time frames, namely:
The Period of Re-Orientation
(1898-1910)
English as a literary vehicle came with the
American occupation in August 13, 1898 and as they say,
a choice bestowed on us by history. By 1900, English
came to be used as a medium of instruction in the
public schools. From the American forces were recruited
the first teachers of English. By 1908, the primary and
intermediate grades were using English. It was also
about this time when UP, the forerunner in the use of
English in higher education, was founded.
THE PERIOD OF IMITATION
(1910-1924)
By 1919, the UP College Folio published
the literary compositions of the first Filipino writers
in English. They were the pioneers in short story
writing. They were then groping their way into
imitating American and British models which
resulted in a stilted, artificial and unnatural
style, lacking vitality and spontaneity.
PERIOD OF SELF-DISCOVERY
AND GROWTH
(1925-1941)
By this time, Filipino writers had
acquired the mastery of English writing.
They now confidently and competently
wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-
time favorites of love and youth persisted.
They went into all forms of writing like the
novel and the drama.
Three Groups of writers:
English
Francisco Benitez
• First editor of Philippine
Journal of Education
• Dean of UP College of Education
Paz Marquez Benitez
• Authored the first Filipino modern English
language short story.
• Dead Stars (1925)
• Among the first generation of Filipinos
trained in the American education system
which used English as the medium of
instruction.
Three Groups of writers:
English
Zoilo Galang
• learned typing and stenography in
English and Spanish all by himself.
• Took special courses at the University
of the Philippines (1925)
• went to Columbia University for further
studies in Literature.
• A Child of Sorrow- first Philippine novel written in
English that was later made into a movie in 1930
• Nadia (1929)
• His early poems saw print on the Kapampangan paper,
“E Mangabiran”
Three Groups of writers:
English
Nick Joaquin
• National Artist of the Philippines for
Literature (1976)
• Pen name- Quijano de Manila
• May Day Eve (1947), The Woman who
had Two Novels(1961), A Portrait of
the Artist as a Fiipino(1966), Summer
Solstice (1971)
Jose Garcia Villa
• National Artist of the Philippines for
Literature (1973)
• Pen name- Deveglion
• Comma poet
Three Groups of writers:
Tagalog
3 Classifications of Tagalog Poets
1. The Poets of the Heart (Makata ng Puso)
-includes Lope K. Santos, Inigo Ed. Regalodo, arlos Gatmaitan,
Pedro Deogracias del Rosario, Ildefonso Santos, Amado V. Hernandez,
Nemncio Carabana and Mar Antonio
2. The Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay)
-includes Lope K. Santos, Jose Corazon De Jesus,
Florentino Collantes,Patricio Mariano, Carlos Gatmaitan, and Amado V.
Hernandez
3. The Poets of Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan )
-includes Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes and
Tomas Remigio
Three Groups of writers:
Tagalog
Lope K. Santos
• Masterpiece: Banaag at Sikat
• Father of the Filipino Grammar
• “Apo” of the Tgalog Writers
Amado V. Hernandez
• Masterpiece: Luha ng Buwaya, Ang
Panday
• First King of Balagtasan
• A pillar in the Tagalog Literature
Three Groups of writers: Tagalog
Severino Reyes Aurelio Tolentino
• Masterpiece:walang • Masterpiece:Kahapon,
Jose Corazon De
Sugat Ngayon at Bukas Jesus
• Father of Tagalog • Conied the word”dula” • Masterpiece:Ang
Plays • F a t h e r o f Ta g a l o g Isang Punongkahoy
• Father of tagalog draama (A tree)
Zarzuela • CCP theater was • Legendary Lyric Poet
• Pen name: Lola named after him, • King of Balagtasan
Basyang tangahalang Aurelio
Tolentino
The active arousal in the field of
literature started to be felt in the
following newspaper:
EL NUEVO DIA (THE NEW DAY)
- a Cebuano newspaper established
by Sergio Osme a in 1900.
EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (THE CALL
OF THE NATION)
-a pro-labor and radical nationalist
newspaper that advocates independence
under the protection of United States.
Founded by Pascual Poblete in 1899 with a
tagalog version called “Ang Kapatid ng
Bayan”
EL RENACIMIENTO (THE REBIRTH)
- Founded by Rafael Palma and
was the most influential newspaper durng the
sapanish colonial period.
MANILA DAILY BULLETIN
- The Philippine's largest
broadsheet newspaper by circulation
founded in 1900 as a shipping journal.
Currently known as “The Manila Bulletin”
