Design of Aircraft Rear Fuselage

University of Manitoba, MECH 4182 Project

Sample

Initialization

Nomenclature

è n - load factor
è VD - design diving speed, (m/s)
è VC - cruising speed, (m/s)
è Vs - stalling speed, (m/s)

è Ρ - air density, (kg/m3 )

è Ψ - angle of yaw, (rad)
è m - weight, (kg)
è W - weight, (N)

è ICG - moment of inertia about centre of gravity, (kg m2 )

è CD,B - body drag coefficient
è HP - engine power, (hp)
è PW - engine power, (W)
è Η - propeller efficiency
è M - pitching moment, (N m)
è CM - pitching moment coefficient
è Αr - rigger's incidence, (rad)
è b - wing span, (m)

è SW - wing area, (m2 )

è c - aerodynamic mean chord
2 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

c - aerodynamic mean chord

è CL - lift coefficient
è CD,W - drag coefficient
è CM,additional - additional pitching moment coefficient
è Madd - additional pitching moment, (N m)
è bt - tailplane span, (m)
è a1 - lift-curve slope
è AR - aspect ratio of wing

è St - tailplane area, (m2 )

è T - thrust, (N)
è L - wing lift, (N)
è Dw - wing drag, (N)
è DB - body drag, (N)
è P - tail load, (N)
è Mach -Mach Number
è hFin - fin height, (m)
è hC,Fin - distance to the fin centre of pressure, (m)

è SF - fin area, (m2 )

è A - aspect ratio of two fins
è C - position of wing aerodinamic centre
è G - position of centre of gravity
è P - position of tailplane aerodinamic centre

Design Data

è
MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 3

dCG = 1.01 m; hCG = 0.410 m;

dGB = 1.02 m; hGB = 0.34 m;
dGP = 6.42 m; hTP = 0.35 m; hGT = 0.17 m;
Αr = 1.5 °; n1 = 6.05; VD = 183.8 m  s; m = 3900 kg; Engine Power = 1040.2 hp
ICG = 22 240 kg m2 ;

Ÿ Aircraft

ã Load Factor

n1 = 6.05

6.05

n2 = 0.75 n1

4.5375

n3 = 0.5 n1

3.025

ã Design Diving Speed

VD = 183.5 m  s

183.5 m
s

ã Cruising Speed
4 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

Cruising Speed

VC = 0.8 VD

146.8 m
s

ã Fully Loaded Weight

Mass = 3900 kg

3900 kg

Newton = kg m ‘ s2

kg m

s2

W = Mass 9.81 m ‘ s2

38 259. kg m

s2

ã Moment of inertia about the centre of gravity

ICG = 22 240 kg m2

22 240 kg m2

ã Body Drag Coefficients

CD,B engine on = 0.01583

0.01583

CD,B engine off = 0.0576

0.0576

ã
MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 5

ã Max Horse Power

EnginePower = 1040.2 hp

1040.2 hp

ã Propeller Efficiency

Η = 0.9

0.9

ã Air Density at sea Level

Ρ = 1.226 kg ‘ m3

1.226 kg

m3

ã Speed of Sound at 15°C

SoundSpeed = 340.8 m  s

340.8 m
s

Ÿ Wing

ã Wing Span

b = 13.9 m

13.9 m

ã Wing Gross Area

SW = 30.01 m2

30.01 m2
6 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

ã Aerodynamic Mean Chord

c = 2.79 m

2.79 m

ã Lift and Drag Coefficients

CL =CL,max at AOA =16°

CL,max = 1.38

1.38

CD,W = 0.149

0.149

ã Pitching Moment Coefficient

CM = -0.238 CL

-0.238 CL
MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 7

ã Rigger's incidence

Αr = 1.5 °

0.0261799

ã Additional Pitching Moment Coefficient

(due to a rigger's incidence)

CM,additional = 0.036

0.036

Ÿ Tailplane

ã Tailplane Span

bt = 6.60 m

6.6 m

ã Tailplane Gross Area

St = 9.02 m2

9.02 m2

Ÿ Fin

ã Fin Height

hFin = 1.65 m

1.65 m

ã Fin Area

SF = 1.80 m2

1.8 m2
8 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

ã Fin Area

hC,Fin = 1.1 m

1.1 m

ã Aspect Ratio

AR = 1.5

1.5

A = Aspect Ratio of two Fins

A = 2 AR

3.

ã Lift Curve Slope

5.5 A
a1 =
A+2
3.3

Calculation of tailplane and fin loads and rear fuselage torque

è
MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 9

Ÿ Case A (point A, engine on)

n = n1

6.05

AOA = 16 °

16 °

CL = CL,max

1.38

CD,B = CD,B engine on

0.01583

ã Stalling Speed

12
2 n*W
VS =
Ρ * SW * CL,max

m2
95.4864
s2

V = Simplify@VS , 8m > 0, s > 0<D

95.4864 m
s

ã Thrust of Engine

hp = 746 Watt

746 Watt

Watt = m Newton  s

kg m2

s3
10 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

Η * EnginePower
Thrust =
V
7314.03 kg m

s2

ã Wing Lift - 1st approximation

L = n * W - Thrust * Sin@AOA - Αr D

229 636. kg m

s2

ã Wing Drag

1
DW = CD,W * Ρ V2 SW
2
24 991.7 kg m

s2

ã Body Drag

1
DB = CD,B * Ρ V2 SW
2
2655.16 kg m

s2

ã Angle of yaw

457.2 m  s
Ψ = 0.7 n + H*Degree*L
VD
6.72655

ã Total pitching moment coefficient

CM = -0.238 CL,max - CM,additional - 0.0015 Ψ

-0.37453
MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 11

ã Pitching moment

1
M = CM * Ρ V2 SW c
2
175 267. kg m2
-
s2

ã Additional pitching moment acceleration

475
AdPitchMomAccel = 20 + Newton *
W * 10-3
* Im ‘ s3 M H* Arad‘s2 E
n
*L
V
2.05383

s2

ã Moment equation

Eq1 =
lL * Lift - lT * Thrust + lD,B * DB - lD,W * DW - lP P + M == ICG * AdPitchMomAccel

2655.16 kg lD,B m 24 991.7 kg lD,W m 7314.03 kg lT m 175 267. kg m2 45 677.2 kg m2

Lift lL + - - - - P lP Š
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
12 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

è lL distance and l D,W distance

MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 13

dCG = 1.01 H*m*L

1.01

hCG = 0.41H*m*L

0.41

Γ = ArcTan@hCG , dCG D

1.18518

Β = Γ - Αr

1.159
14 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

lCG = dCG 2 + hCG 2 m

1.09005 m

Θ = Π  2 - HAOA + ΒL

0.132544

lL = lCG Cos@ΘD

1.08048 m

lD,W = lCG Sin@ΘD

0.144057 m

è lT distance

hGT = 0.17 m

0.17 m

lT = hGT

0.17 m
MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 15

è l D,B distance

dGB = 1.02 m

1.02 m

hGB = 0.34 m

0.34 m

lD,B = -dGB Sin@AOA - Αr D + hGB Cos@AOA - Αr D

0.0737826 m
16 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

è lP distance

dGP = 6.42 m

6.42 m

hTP = 0.35 m

0.35 m

lP = dGP Cos@AOA - Αr D + HhGT + hTP L Sin@AOA - Αr D

6.34571 m
MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 17

ã Tailplain load

è Tailplain load-1st approximation

Lift = L

229 636. kg m

s2

P1 = P . Solve@Eq1, PD@@1DD

3549.77 kg m

s2

è Tailplain load-2nd approximation

Lift = L - P1

226 086. kg m

s2

P2 = P . Solve@Eq1, PD@@1DD

2945.35 kg m

s2

err = HP2 - P1L  P2 * 100H*%*L

-20.5212

è Tailplain load-3d approximation

Lift = L - P2

226 690. kg m

s2

P3 = P . Solve@Eq1, PD@@1DD

3048.27 kg m

s2
18 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

HP3 - P2L  P3 * 100H*%*L

3.37618

è Tailplain load-4th approximation

Lift = L - P3

226 587. kg m

s2

P4 = P . Solve@Eq1, PD@@1DD

3030.74 kg m

s2

err = HP4 - P3L  P4 * 100H*%*L

-0.578186

è Tailplain load-5th approximation

Lift = L - P4

226 605. kg m

s2

P5 = P . Solve@Eq1, PD@@1DD

3033.73 kg m

s2

err = HP5 - P4L  P5 * 100H*%*L

0.0983511

P = P5

3033.73 kg m

s2
MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb 19

ã Tailplain Torque due to yaw asymmetric loads

0.00125
TailTorque = Ρ V2 St bt Ψ

1 - J SoundSpeed N
V 2

5828.81 kg m2

s2

ã Fin Load

1
FinLoad = Ρ V2 SF Ψ Degree a1
2
3897.63 kg m

s2

ã Fin Torque

FinTorque = FinLoad hC,Fin

4287.39 kg m2

s2

ã Total Torque on fuselage

FuselageTorque = TailTorque + FinTorque

10 116.2 kg m2

s2

Obtained results for tailplane and loads and rear fuselage torque (Case A)

Ÿ Tail load

3033.73 kg m

s2
20 MECH4182 Project_Part 1_Sample.nb

Ÿ Fin load

FinLoad

3897.63 kg m

s2

Ÿ Total Torque on fuselage

FuselageTorque

10 116.2 kg m2

s2