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Study_of_FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an application layer protocol used for transferring files between local and remote systems using two TCP connections: a control connection on port 21 and a data connection on port 20. FTP supports various types, including Active, Passive, and Secure FTP, with advantages such as speed and efficiency, but it has limitations like a 2 GB file size cap and lack of encryption. Security can be enhanced through password protection and SSL/TLS, but FTP remains vulnerable to attacks due to its unsecured nature.

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Pratibha Gaikwad
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5 views

Study_of_FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an application layer protocol used for transferring files between local and remote systems using two TCP connections: a control connection on port 21 and a data connection on port 20. FTP supports various types, including Active, Passive, and Secure FTP, with advantages such as speed and efficiency, but it has limitations like a 2 GB file size cap and lack of encryption. Security can be enhanced through password protection and SSL/TLS, but FTP remains vulnerable to attacks due to its unsecured nature.

Uploaded by

Pratibha Gaikwad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aim : Study of FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Theory :
 File Transfer Protocol(FTP) is an application layer protocol
that moves files between local and remote file systems.
 It runs on the top of TCP, like HTTP. To transfer a file, 2 TCP
connections are used by FTP in parallel: control connection and
data connection.

Fig. FTP block diagram

 Control Connection : For sending control information like user


identification, password, commands to change the remote
directory, commands to retrieve and store files, etc., The control
connection is initiated on port number 21.
 Data Connection : For sending the actual file, FTP makes use of
a data connection. A data connection is initiated on port number
20.
 It is mainly used for transferring the web page files from their
creator to the computer that acts as a server for other computers
on the internet.
 It is also used for downloading the files to computer from other
servers.

Objectives of FTP :
 It provides the sharing of files.
 It is used to encourage the use of remote computers.
 It transfers the data more reliably and efficiently.

Types of FTP :
 Active
 Passive
 Simple FTP - SFTP
 Password Protected FTP
 Secure FTP - SFTP
 FTP over SSL
 In an Active FTP connection and transmission, the Client will
initiate the connection on a port it determines, in this case, port
1. The server receives the connection request on port 21. The
server will then transmit the data out of its port 20 to be received
by the client on a port it determines, in this case, port 2. In
an Active Connection, the client determines the ports to be used.
 In a Passive FTP connection, the client will make a connection
request on the port specified by the server, in this case, port 21.
The data will then be transmitted via the port determined by the
server, in this case, port 20. In a Passive Connection, the server
determines the ports to be used.

Fig. showing active and passive FTP

 Anonymous FTP- this is the least secure type of FTP. Also known
as simple FTP or abbreviated SFTP. There is no requirement for a
user to log in, nor is there any type of encryption.
 Password protected FTP - add a layer of security to traditional
FTP in that there is a requirement of a username and password in
order to access the server. The files are still transferred
unencrypted. Username and password are transmitted in plain
text.
 Secure FTP- abbreviated as S-FTP, has a higher level of security
by forcing transport layer security (TLS) once the connection is
established. This TLS layer will encrypt the username and
password.
 FTP with SSL/TLS - one of the most secure types of FTP by
forcing explicit TLS and moving the connection from port 21 to an
encrypted connection. All data transmitted is encrypted with AES
encryption.
Advantages of FTP(File Transfer Protocol):-
 Speed is one of the advantages of FTP(File Transfer
Protocol).
 File sharing also comes in the category of advantages of
FTP in this between two machines files can be shared on
the network.
 Efficiency is more in FTP.

Disadvantages of FTP(File Transfer Protocol):-

 File size limit is the drawback of FTP only 2 GB size files can be
transferred.
 Multiple receivers are not supported by the FTP.
 FTP does not encrypt the data this is one of the biggest
drawbacks of FTP.
 FTP is unsecured we use login IDs and passwords making it
secure but they can be attacked by hackers.

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