DRRR Grade 11/12

STUDENT NAME GRADE/SECTION

_______________________________ ________________________________
TEACHER DATE SUBMITTED
_______________________________ ________________________________

I. Introductory Concept

Disasters are of many types and variedly affect one’s life. Some have short-
term effects that can be fixed with relative ease while others last for several years.
They also affect our communities in many ways and represent public health hazards
for various reasons.
In the previous lessons, you learned the definition of disaster and the factors
which can either lessen or worsen the effect of a disaster. In this lesson, you will be
exposed to a bigger view of how disasters affect people and the society.

II. Learning Competencies

A. Most Essential Learning Competencies:

 Describe the effects of a disaster on one’s life (DRR11/12-Ia-b-3)

 Analyze disaster from the different perspectives (physical,
psychological, socio-cultural, economic, political, and biological)
(DRR11/12-Ia-b-6)

B. Specific Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
 Describe the effects of disaster on one’s life.
 Differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary effects of a disaster.
 Classify disaster-related events to different perspectives (physical,
psychological, socio-cultural, economic, political, and biological).
 Conduct a simple survey of family members’ disaster experiences and
perceptions.

Are you ready? Brace yourself for another fun learning experience!

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III. Activities

Task 1: Examine the given pictures and answer the questions that follow.

Lacuata, Reuben (January 19, 2020). Retrieved from Yahya, M. N. (May 5, 2019). Marawi Muslims to spend Ramadan in Tents. The Manila Times. net.
https://www.churchofchristchino.org/articles/opportunity-to-help-victims-of-the-taal-volcano-eruption/ Retrieved June 20, 2020 from https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/05/05/news/regions/marawi-muslims-
to-spend-ramadan-in-tents/549756/
l

A B

Philippine Star (June 06, 2013). Retrieved from Gallucci, Gallucci,

Maria (July 07, (July
Maria 2014). Retrieved
07, from
2014). Retrieved from
https://astig.ph/prevent-survive-railroad-accidents/ https://www.ibtimes.com/super-typhoon-neoguri-could-be-first-tropical-storms-
slam-japan-due-el-nino-1621178

C D

Presse, A F.( June 6, 2020) Philippines' unemployment rate at record high in April. The
Straitstimes Asia. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/philippines-unemployment-rate-at-record-high-in-april

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RO_DRRR _Grade 11/12 _Q1_LP 2
Guide Questions:
1. What kind of disaster is represented in the picture?
a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________
c. __________________________________
d. __________________________________
e. __________________________________

2. What would be the possible effects of disaster based on your given answer
above? Give at least one for each.
a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________
c. __________________________________
d. __________________________________
e. __________________________________

3. What aspects of your life and society are affected by these disasters?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

What are the Effects of Disaster?

Disasters whether natural or man-made in origin affect the usual way society acts
and the people’s lives directly and indirectly. Physical losses, damages to structures,
creation of mitigation structures and materials are direct effects. Increasing material
costs and expenses, psychological effects are indirect effects.
Disasters have three general types of effects: primary effects, secondary effects,
and tertiary effects.

 Primary effects are those that come directly from

the incident or disaster itself, such as the collapse
of a building during an earthquake, landslide, or
hurricane and water damage during a flood.
De Castro, Erik (October 16, 2013). Retrieved from
https://www.ibtimes.com/super-typhoon-neoguri-could-be-first-tropical-storms-slam-
japan-due-el-nino-1621178

 Secondary effects are the result that comes

from the primary effects. They will only occur
because a primary effect has caused
them. Examples of secondary effects include
power outages due to fallen trees or damaged

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Demayo, Mark (October 02, 2019) Fire hits Star City in Pasay. Retrieved from
https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/02/19/fire-hits-star-city-in-pasay
RO_DRRR _Grade 11/12 _Q1_LP 2
 buildings and fires from broken gas lines. In these examples, the fallen trees and
the damaged buildings would be the primary effects that caused the power
outages and fires (secondary effects).

 Tertiary effects are the long-term

effects that are set off because of a
primary event. These include things
like loss of habitat, changes in the
landscape and natural features caused
by a flood, permanent changes in the
position of river channel caused by
flood, crop failure or reduction due to
cooler temperatures or other
interferences caused by a volcanic
eruption-like the recent Taal volcano
eruption that has displaced thousands
Fonbuena, Carmela. (November 01, 2018) Landslide because of the typhoon.
Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/01/typhoon-yutu- of individuals residing along with the
death-toll-rises-landslides-phillipines
community who were forced to
evacuate for their safety.

How do Disasters Affect the Different aspects of our Life and Society?

Normally we see the effect of disasters on their physical effects but aside from
it, there are many aspects of society that we should investigate. We must also widen
our views including the political, biological, economical, socio-cultural, and
psychological sides of an occurring disaster.
Let us study the different perspectives in analysing a disaster.

Disaster in Different Perspectives

1. Physical

The presence of tangible objects and infrastructure affects people and the
environment. Physical factors refer to structures such as evacuation centers,
sea and river walls, fire exits, fire hydrants, and objects such as signages that
could help people during a disaster. On the contrary, it also refers to objects and
structures which could contribute to harming and disrupting people’s life and
intensify the effect of a disaster such as hanging debris, exposed wirings, etc.

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 The intensity of a destruction of a disaster depends on the presence and
quantity of objects and infrastructures to mitigate the disaster or contribute to its
complexity. Physical effects can either harm or help you.
Typhoon Nina hit Bicol
Region in December 2016 that
led to destruction of houses and
infrastructures. Catanduanes is
one of the centers of destruction
that experienced devastation in
houses, public and commercial
buildings, and vehicles. Roads
were covered with mud and
Sta Rosa, MR V. (December 26, 2016) The wrath of typhoon Nina ( in Virac,
uprooted trees; electrical posts Catanduanes) Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/photo?
fbid=10208000494678901&set=pcb.10208005318119484
and telecommunication lines
were distorted.
Disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, fires, and tsunamis have been
known to cause massive and long-lasting effect. As the country experience
different types of disaster several advancements in technology have been done
such as:
 The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) for instance have utilized doppler radars in Baras,
Catanduanes and other areas of the country.
 Flood/flashflood hazards map to mitigate the risks from severe winds and
floods.
 The Department of Science and Technology started disaster science
research and development to use technologies for innovative information
services to support the government's disaster prevention and mitigation
efforts.

2. Psychological
The strength of a disaster is usually measured through the extent of
physical destruction than the mental well-being of people. Assuming that people
have been hit by typhoons, earthquakes, floods, and fire the mental health is
affected as well. Stressors caused by a certain type of disaster can persist
longer than the physical effects. Facing grief, fear and unexpected intrapersonal
and societal changes can be tough for people.
Psychological aspects of disaster include mental health capacity and self-
awareness of people who could help or worsen the complexity of a disaster.
It involves the capability of people to respond to disaster and the extent to which
they could cope with it and accept the results.

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 Wars have greatly affected
peoples’ lives, especially in children.
The picture below shows school
zone turned war zone in Marawi City
during the Marawi siege in 2018.
Efforts must be done to lessen the
panic and fear when facing threats of
disasters. The Disaster Risk Reduction
Baynes, C. (2018). Philippine children tell of witnessing 'unspeakable horrors' dIsis siege in
Marawi. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/philippines-marawi- Management Plan 2011-2028 included
isis-siege-save-children-unspeakable-horrors-rodrigo-duterte-a
disaster preparedness in schools and the
community through:
a. Advocacy
b. Information
c. Education
d. Communication such as capability buildings, drills and symposiums, and
curricular inclusions.

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) has

strategized the plan “Volcano, Earthquake, and Tsunami Disaster Risk
Reduction Program,” which includes seminars, workshops, trainings, lectures,
and drills for various individuals.

3. Sociocultural
Culture and tradition are rarely seen to change because of the occurrence
of disasters but various socio-cultural actions and disaster risks are related.
Socio-cultural factors of disaster include religion and faith, societal traditions,
perceptions, and social standings.
In some situations, culture has become a factor for communities’ survival
from disasters whereas in some situations culture has acted as a barrier for
effective risk reduction activities. Filipinos are known for their resiliency amidst
calamities. They remain steady and positive to face challenges that come each
day.
These are various coping strategies that most Filipinos do to respond to
demands from unexpected or terrifying events.

Familial Faith Positivity Flexibility Sense of

support Based humor
4. Economic Resiliency

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 Physical damages on assets, machineries, and livestock in addition to
property loss, environmental damage, trauma, health, loss of lives, and
disruption of communities can severely affect economic activity in periods
depending on the extent of the damage. The figure below shows a disaster’s
economic impact.

Economic
factors include
assets Doroteo, H. J. (2015). Pie chart of the main island distribution of high impact disasters (1900-2014) in Disaster Risk Profile and Disaster Risk and
Management Framework of the Philippines: Natural Disasters. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4656.3922.
liabilities,
income, economic class, etc. Normal business, establishments, and work
processes such as manufacturing, delivery, and processing can stop during
disasters.

The country’s economy can be affected

depending on the strength of its capability to
endure the irregularities. Countries with weaker
economies take a longer time in recovering than
more stable countries that is why third world
countries such as the Philippines experiences
more problems during disasters. Today, closure
among business establishments and livelihood, competition to resources is among
the many effects of the Corona Virus Disease which threatens the economic stability
of the Philippines today.
De Vera, B. O. (February 10, 2020). PH among economies most vulnerable to
virus. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from
On the positive side, the study Natural https://business.inquirer.net/290226/ph-among-economies-most-vulnerable-to-
virus#ixzz6QldH97HT
Disasters, Public Spending, and Creative
Destruction: A Case Study of the Philippines showed that the preventive and post-
disaster actions of the local government units in the Philippines helps in decreasing
the economic impacts of disaster. The allocation of funds for reconstruction and
rehabilitation can open ways for updating structures, machinery, and technology
thereby posing better long-term effect to the economy. Reports show economic
resilience of the Philippines amidst several disasters such as typhoons and
earthquakes.

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 5. Political
Politics can be affected in the time of a disaster. Government structure
and political actions can change depending on the need. Political actions during
and after a disaster can be ways to update existing laws, rules, and physical
aspects of the government. Resources and funds can be realigned to focus on
building local resilience and for rehabilitation and reconstruction.
People turn to their leaders on how they respond to the needs of the
society during catastrophic events on the other hand differences in political
views can also result to conflicts.

6. Biological
Disaster can affect plant and animal habitats which can change the way
our biosphere work. Our environment heals itself as it has faced several
disasters long before we existed on this planet. Moreover, studies have shown
that most causes of disasters came from man-made activities.

Trinidad, Benguet
Acayan, (CNN Philippines,
E. (January 16, 2020).February
‘Like a 27)
SceneForest firesMovie.’
from in
Benguet. Retrieved on June 20, 2020, from
What I Saw Photographing the Taal Volcano Eruption in
https://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2020/2/27/Benguet-forest-
the Philippines. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from
fires.html
https://time.com/longform/taal-volcano-philippines-eruption/

On the other hand, When the

environment is sustainably managed, it can contribute to the physical and economic
aspects of the community. Plants and animal can be sources of food, medicine, and
even building materials for shelter. Furthermore, it could also be a source of income
such as tourism. Thereby decreasing the consequences of a disaster.
In terms of humanitarian health, the occurrence of disasters exposes people to
acquire communicable diseases e.g., diarrhea, fractures, respiratory illness, fever
among others. Early detection, treatments, and advancements in medical facilities
reduces the complexity of problems due to disasters. Vaccines and drugs are made
to treat diseases and infections.

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