E3S Web of Conferences 261, 03039 (2021) https://doi.org/10.

1051/e3sconf/202126103039
ICEMEE 2021

Design and Technical Analysis of HVAC Ventilation System in

Green Building
Jiawen Zhang1
1SHANXI DATONG UNIVERSITY, School of Architectural and Surveying Engineering, Datong, Shanxi, China

Abstract: In recent years, the construction industry has developed rapidly, and there are more and more
urban construction projects. The corresponding design requirements for HVAC systems are also getting
higher and higher. HVAC has been widely used in all kinds of buildings. While providing convenience for
people, environmental pollution has gradually become a topic of concern for people. Therefore, when
designing the HVAC system, HVAC not only meets the needs of customers, but also uses green energy
saving technology to reduce energy consumption as far as possible. Reduce environmental pollution, so that
the HVAC ventilation system of tall buildings can be in a stable and efficient operation state. Improve the
operation effect of air conditioning, while reducing energy consumption.

ventilation demand in buildings, the continuous operation

1 Introduction of HVAC system has caused the waste of building energy
consumption, environmental pollution and the destruction
HVAC system generally includes three parts: heating, of energy structure. So, it is necessary to reduce the energy
ventilation and air conditioning. It is a technology to consumption of the system as far as possible, improve the
control the building's hot and humid environment, indoor defects of high energy and low efficiency of the previous
air quality and air flow environment, and also includes system, increase the research efforts of HVAC, maximize
the control of noise generated by the system itself. In the the use of renewable resources, and promote the joint
building HVAC system, the basic is the heating work. development of economic and social benefits.
The building ventilation system needs to use technical
means and HVAC system. The purpose of ventilation is
to exchange indoor and outdoor air, keep indoor air fresh 2 Basic features of architecture
and further improve indoor air quality. The heating and
ventilation of the building are closely related, and they
2.1. Dense population
complement each other. The use of HVAC systems can
not only enhance the beauty of buildings, but also As for buildings that provide human activities, they are
improve the air quality. Because it can capture dust above usually used in crowded environments such as hospitals
micron and intercept toxic substances in the air, and then and cinemas and have a high service quality. It is because
protect the health of human living environment. of the density of personnel, the HVAC system
At present, central air conditioning and household air requirements in the buildings are higher.
conditioning dominate the markets, the design of modern
air conditioning tends to be more multi-functional.
Compared with the previous buildings without HVAC 2.2. Various function
system, the modern HVAC system can adjust the heat load, A variety of functions is one of the main features of the
cold load, wet load and wind load in the building. In urban
building. Under normal circumstances, buildings need to
building planning and design, HVAC is an important part, have multiple functions, and different buildings require
because in the building HVAC engineering, we should not different functions. Therefore, this brings some difficulty
only be able to control the indoor temperature, but also
to the design of HVAC system. Therefore, designers need
effectively improve indoor air quality by adjusting the to design according to the actual use of the building.
temperature and humidity. Through the effective control of
indoor air, humidity, temperature and cleanliness, people
maintain the balance of body temperature, and obtain the 2.3. The poor effect of air conditioning in winter
corresponding comfort.
Architecture not only meets people's basic needs, but Tall and spacious buildings, such as high-rise buildings
also pays attention to the protection of the environment. In or office buildings, have poor air conditioning
recent years, in order to maintain good heating and performance in winter. Therefore, in the installation of
HVAC ventilation system, designers need to choose

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ICEMEE 2021

reasonable air distribution and air outlet, so that HVAC 4 Technical points of HVAC ventilation
can play the maximum role. system

3 Design principles of HVAC 4.1. Use energy-saving technology

With the continuous development of social economy and
3.1. The principle of saving.
productivity, the consumption of energy resources is also
In the process of building design, the energy increasing, and exhausting emissions pollution to the
conservation and environmental protection of resources environment, environmental protection is imminent.
are the first priority. In the design of energy saving and Therefore, the application of energy-saving technology
emission reduction for building air conditioning, the first must be strengthened. And in the design process, we can
step is to make reasonable use of scientific and rational use the waste heat cycling technology, the heat transfer in
means. Energy-saving design of heating and refrigeration the circulation system to transfer the residual heat from
of HVAC, coupled with the implementation of green one part to the other. This technology can meet the needs
construction technology to achieve the purpose of energy of indoor persons better. Natural cold source can also be
saving and emission reduction. This can not only reduce used. According to the load characteristics of the building
energy consumption, but also ensure that the use of and the local climate conditions, natural cold source
HVAC does not burden the environment, at the same should be skillfully used to provide free heat source for
time, the construction cost can be reduced, and the cost the area in the building that uses cold all the year round.
can be managed and controlled scientifically and The use of energy efficient technology can effectively
reasonably, so as to realize the design of green and use natural resources, improve the overall energy
energy-saving air conditioning system. In the design efficiency, thus reducing the energy consumption of the
process, designers need to analyze and calculate the building.
air-conditioning system in the period of maximum
energy consumption throughout the year, so as to ensure 4.2. Fresh air system technology
that the air-conditioning system can adjust its functions
more reasonably during operation and effectively Fresh air system design is to filter, cool or heat the indoor
improve its energy saving role. air, then deliver into the air-conditioned room according
to the stipulated new air volume standard. Different
building types require different amounts of fresh air. In
3.2. Principle of adaptability
order to save energy, circulating air is widely used in the
In terms of HVAC, the relevant personnel should pay design of air conditioning system. If there is less fresh air
attention to the impact of the specific environment on the or fresh air in the air-conditioned room, the indoor air
building HVAC system in the design process. The air quality will decline and people will feel uncomfortable.
conditioning system of a building is used in different In addition, in the design of ventilation system,
environments, or the resource utilization is different, professionals should also pay attention to the design of
which may cause the performance difference of the air natural ventilation. For buildings, high quality external
conditioning system. The selection of heating equipment air environment can effectively improve indoor air
should be closely combined with the local climate and quality. Natural ventilation and air-conditioned air supply
geographical environment to make the optimal plan. The effectively combine. Appropriate natural ventilation can
purpose of this adaptive principle is to ensure that the effectively reduce the use of electric power equipment
application of green technology is consistent with the with consuming energy. From the current effect of
existing HVAC system, and to avoid the impact of the people's use, natural ventilation doesn’t consume energy,
application of new technology on the coordination of the saves resource better and more healthy at the same time,
original building. Therefore, the personnel needs to which is beneficial to residents' happiness.
adhere concept of green operation of the HVAC system
in different environments, adapting to the original design 4.3. Use heat recovery technology
methods, and making progress and development of the
HVAC system. Analyzed from a broad perspective, the essence of heat
recovery is to recycle and reuse the heat formed in the
operation of the chiller in a timely manner in order to
3.3. Comfort principle
provide heat to users. Using heat recovery technology, it
Comfort is mainly for the feelings of the people in the can be found that in the process of heat recovery
building, mainly for the purpose of the HVAC system in application of high temperature and high pressure
the heating and air supply, to provide a comfortable and refrigerant, water can be directly transported to the heat
efficient environment for the indoor persons. Through the recovery device through circulating water pump, and
HVAC system, air conditioning should not only play the then heat exchange can be realized through water and
role of regulating temperature, but also adjust the indoor high temperature refrigerant steam. The refrigerant can
air quality and humidity, keep the indoor air fresh and raise the water temperature through condensation
indoor personnel feel comfortable. reaction. Then it will be returned to the storage box, the
water pump will be directly transported to the storage

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E3S Web of Conferences 261, 03039 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103039
ICEMEE 2021

box to realize the recycling heating treatment, so as to 4.6. Solar energy technology
achieve the rise of water temperature. Heat recovery
technology works by transferring excess heat from one Solar energy is a common and widely used energy saving
part of the system to another through heat transfer in the technology. Solar energy is inexhaustible, and its
circulatory system Heat recovery technology can not cleanliness is high, zero pollution, so it is widely used in
only save energy, but also reduce energy consumption, all walks of life. The principle of solar energy technology
which is very helpful to reduce air pollution. Heat is to convert light energy into heat energy, and the
recovery technology can promote the air circulation of combination of HVAC and solar energy technology is a
buildings with large spaces, which can effectively major innovation in HVAC design. In the green city and
improve the efficiency of energy use. Relevant staff can the design of HVAC can also give full play to the solar
make some adjustments to the heat recovery technology energy saving technology, can realize the conversion of
according to local conditions. solar energy to heat energy through intelligent circulation
and collector control system. Rational use of solar energy
technology in building engineering HVAC can
4.4. Use Ground-Source Heat Pump technology fundamentally increase the energy saving effect. This
technology can also increase energy utilization rate and
The ground system links the heat pump to the
reduce energy consumption. At the same time, it can
underground and allows for extraction of heat from the
bring economic and environmental benefits, help urban
ground or injunction of heat into ground. This kind of air
construction and development save more energy.
conditioning system can effectively improve the use
efficiency of thermal energy resources in the front layer
field, and make HVAC play a greater role, so as to truly 5 Building heating and ventilation and
realize the effect of heating the building in winter and the air conditioning installation points
function of cooling in summer The low heat absorbed by
the heat pump from low heat energy reduces the
consumption of high grade energy in quantity. Because 5.1. Strictly control the production of air ducts
the ground energy temperature is stable, so the heat pump and reasonably arrange pipelines
unit can be more safe in the process of operation. Taking
heat pump as the cold and heat source of air conditioning In the heating and ventilation and air conditioning
system, low temperature waste heat in nature can be installation process, the production of air duct and
transformed into regenerative heat energy available in pipeline layout is the basic, in the whole project can have
HVAC system. In the cold winter, geothermal energy can a greater impact. Before the production of the air duct,
be used to bring heat from underground to the ground, the design drawings need to be strictly reviewed, and the
where it can be converted to heat for buildings. In problems arising in the production can be solved in time.
summer, the heat from the ground can be stored In addition, the layout of the pipeline should be as
underground to cool the building. At the same time, heat scientific and reasonable as possible, as far as possible to
pump technology is used to reduce environmental avoid the pipeline cross, to ensure that the pipeline layout
pollution and provide more water for residents. is reasonable.

4.5. Frequency conversion and energy saving 5.2. Reasonable selection of materials
technology Building construction materials to a certain extent affect
When the load of HVAC in the building changes the air conditioning installation system, at the same time
significantly, the frequency of the HVAC system can be the selection of materials will also affect the system
adjusted by the fan, water pump and water chiller, installation. Making a good investigation before
improving the operating rate of equipment, promoting purchasing, trying to choose high efficiency and energy
the HVAC system in the process of operation to achieve saving materials, to ensure that the production materials
energy saving standards and strengthen the use of meet the installation and debugging standards. And the
resources. Through frequency conversion technology, the materials are need to be tested before the use, and then
energy saving effect of HVAC can reach more than 30%, they can be put into construction use. The construction of
and after the use of frequency conversion technology, the a system of supervision and management system, and the
frequency conversion system and variable air device in application in practice, require designers to pay attention
HVAC constitute variable air volume system This system to the installation design form, pay attention to details, to
increases the comfort of the building's residents and ensure that the details of the connection is accurate, in
reduces HVAC energy consumption. By using the line with the overall requirements of construction.
frequency conversion，on the one hand, HVAC in all
rooms throughout the building will not constrain or 5.3. commissioning and operation after
restrict each other, helping building residents to get more installation
comfortable experience ，on the other hand, the cold and
heat sources can be kept at a stable frequency to protect Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems need to
the water pump in HVAC and reduce the consumption of be debugged after installation. In the process of trial
cold and heat energy. operation, exclude the influence of external environment,

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humidity and ventilation environment with the support of
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