REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE & STUDIES

 Preliminaries
I. Introduction
II. Review of Literature
III. Materials and Methods
IV. Results and Discussion
V. Summary, Conclusions, and
Recommendations
References
Appendices
✓ To revisit the purpose of Review of
Literature and Studies

✓ To be oriented on the scoring guide in

appraising Review of Literature and Studies

✓ To understand how to accomplish Review

of Literature and Studies in a
contextualized manner
 When Literature and Studies are
not related on your present Study,
 Review of Literature and Studies
❑ is a task of the
researcher to determine what other
researchers have written about relative
to the recent topic.
 Review of Literature and Studies
❑ includes research , published
or unpublished and
formulated by experts or authorities in
some field or discipline; and or
of experts contained in books,
pamphlets magazines and periodicals.
 Review of Literature and Studies
❑ Refers to
1. related researches that have been
conducted, state-of-the-art or current
technologies from which the project will
take off;
2. scientific/technical merit;
3. results of related research conducted by
the same researchers, if any;
4. Prior Art Search, and;
5. other relevant materials.
 Review of Literature and Studies
❑ formulate assumptions, hypothesis,
conceptual framework
❑ select and apply methods of research,
sampling techniques, statistical
procedure
 Review of Literature and Studies
❑ is not a part to make the manuscript
appear to be thick
❑ expounds your discussions in Rationale,
Conceptual Framework, and Scope
and Delimitations ( )
❑ strengthens the Reliability of your
Methodology ( )
 This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalizations
or conclusions, methodologies and other. Those that were included in
this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and
similar to the present study.
 This chapter includes the idea, finished thesis, generalizations
or conclusions, methodologies and other. Those that were included in
this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and
similar to the present study.
 vs.
❑ are often from journalists or any
officials whereas the opinions and facts
presented matters and can affect the
masses' opinion and thinking.
❑ Non-research reference materials written by
authorities on the subject that embody
experiences, viewpoints, and interpretations
of the subject of the research study
(encyclopedia, books, journals,
commentaries, etc.).
 vs.
❑ are from researchers or from official
public offices, and thesis from different
universities and libraries.
❑ Consist of research literature such as theses,
dissertations, special problems, seminar
papers which are either published or
unpublished, and have bearing on the
research study being undertaken.
❑
✓ Sources from eyewitness accounts.
✓ They are reported by actual observers or
participants in an event.
❑
✓ Events were not actually witnessed by the
reporter/observer/researcher but may
have talked with the actual
observer/eyewitness.
❑
Documents:
✓ Legislative acts
✓ Books, newspapers, magazines, master’s
theses, doctoral dissertations
✓ Personal material
✓ Handwritten materials
✓ Orally transmitted materials
✓ Artistic production
✓ Tape recordings
❑
Relics or Remains:
✓ skeletons, clothing, utensils, equipment,
records, books, monument, fossils, roads,
dwellings, literatures
Oral Testimony
✓ interviews
❑
Replications
Thesis Review
Review of Related Studies
Thesis Abstract
 This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalizations
or conclusions, methodologies and other. Those that were included in
this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and
similar to the present study.
 vs.
❑ is the summarized
understanding in a single review
❑ is the overall constructed
idea or thought based on several
conclusions from each review that
leads in the development of the
 Literature No. 1
can be presented in either format:

Introduction Introduction
Main Body Main Body
Conclusion *References

References Conclusion
✓A of a topic under consideration, as
well as the scope of the related literature being
investigated.

✓ The introduction should also note intentional exclusions.

(Example: “This review will not explore the ….”)

✓ Another purpose of the introduction is to state the general

findings of the review (what do most of the sources
conclude), and comment on the availability of sources in
the subject area.

✓ Introduce your topic and briefly explain why this is a

significant or important area for study.
✓ There are many ways to organize the evaluation of the
sources. and approaches are
useful examples.

✓ Use logical connections and transitions to connect

sources.
✓ Each work should be critically summarized and evaluated
for its premise, methodology, and conclusion.

✓ It is as important to address inconsistencies, omissions,

and errors, as it is to identify accuracy, depth, and
relevance.
Summary of articles
✓ In a paragraph or two for each study, briefly explain
▪ the purpose,
▪ how it was conducted,
▪ how information was gathered, and
▪ the major findings.

✓ When referring to an article, use the last name of author or

authors and date of publication in the text.
✓ The conclusion summarizes the of the review
in general terms.

✓ Notable commonalities between works, whether favorable

or not, may be included here.

✓ This section is the reviewer’s opportunity to justify a

research proposal.

✓ Comments about what questions need to still be answered

may be included.
✓ As well as accurate in-text citations, a literature review
must contain complete and correct citations for every
source.

✓ List the studies used on a separate page according to APA

style format.
According to the APA format, the following conventions
should be followed when citing a reference within the text:

In , use only the surname of the author

and then the (year) closed in parentheses.
Example: Illuminada (2006) found out that of the 50
participants…

If , (surname, year) closed in

parentheses.
Example: Even at an early stage the difference noted a
clear exception (Illuminada, 2006).
When a work has two authors, cite both names every time
the reference occurs in text.

When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all

authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent
citations, include only the surname of the first author
followed by et al. (not italicized and with a period after al)
and the year if it is the first citation of the reference within a
paragraph.
Examples:
Alvastro, Farratini, Postradan, and Lastimosa (2008) initiated…
(first in-text citation)

Alvastro et al. (2008) initiated…

(succeeding in-text citations for every paragraph thereafter)

Alvastro et al. initiated…

Exclude the year from succeeding citations after first nonparenthetical
citation [in-text citation] within a paragraph.

Include the year in succeeding citations if first citation within a paragraph

is parenthetical [end-text citation].
Put the names in a multiple-author citation in running
text by the word and.

In parenthetical material, in tables and captions, and in

the reference list, put the names together by an
ampersand (&).
✓ It should be written in terms of the of
the study.
✓ It should give more weight to
considered more authoritative as evaluated
and should give reference to rather
than sources.
✓ It should be organized to
conform with the specific problems.
✓ It should be such that evidence
from all the studies reviewed would get an
overall understanding of the state of
knowledge in the problem area.
✓ If citing a classic or landmark study, identify it
as such
✓ If a landmark study was replicated, mention
that and indicate the results of the replication
✓ Discuss other literature reviews on
✓ Refer the reader to on issues
that you will not be discussing in detail
✓ comments such as, "no studies were
found."
✓ If the results of previous studies are inconsistent
or widely varying, cite them separately.
 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES (10 points)
Identifies the key It presents It demonstrates critical It demonstrates
areas of related literature and thinking in reviewing in reviewing
literature and studies relevant earlier literature earlier literature relevant to
studies that to the problem relevant to the the research questions
represent the field being studied. research questions and/or objective of the
and is supportive The review is and/or objective of the study. The review is
to the question. organized study. The review is organized through APA
The review is not through APA organized through APA format
organized format. It only format - thematically presented. It insightfully
through APA. It summarizes the presented. It presents the
presents a vague major findings of summarizes the major of the chosen
understanding of the chosen findings of the chosen literature and studies. It lays
the literature and literature and literature and studies an
studies chosen. studies. and relates it to the of the state of knowledge in
problem being the problem area.
investigated.

(1-2) (3-5) (6-8) (9-10)

to be recorded as
❑ What to accomplish?
✓ Summary Table of Reviewed Literature
and Studies
Minimum of 5 Literatures and 3 Studies
Maximum of 10 Literatures and 7 Studies

✓ Updated Manuscript (Chapters 1 and 2)

❑ The Standardized Quantitative Research
Template will be used by all learners.
❑ Do not change the font size and styles and
page format.
❑ Just input for Review of Literature and Studies
in Page 5.
✓ Font: Arial 12
✓ Line Spacing: 1.5
✓ Alignment: Justified
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE & STUDIES