Unit 2 Functions 11 (1)
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kareemaUnit 2 Functions 11 (1)
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Lesson 2-1 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
e}3(2x + Sy)(2x - Sy) Product of a Sum
f)(y2 t}Ytt)S)2
I/ y' etl QN5
and Difference:
Simplifying Algebraic Expressions
~ l I..\ 1-- t. - ~~'( ,. ) (a+b)(a-b)= a2 - b2
I . : , , ro,;,.f ,/(';
'-----~,
To add or subtract polynomials collect like terms.
:.(~,-'L - 1~ ~ 1. -, s) ~, ..,_ -
l ',, -_ ( 'f 2- z ~, Z&./ -+S}
Ex. 1 Simplify (3x2 -2x)+(x 2 -7x)-(7x+3)
~ '];?- - dv'/-.. 1<,1<-,,_ - ~)<.. - --:;-~ - ~ -- ""' 'o,\J 3 -t f) 1/ '2
-I -'Zl/ ~ -f '-f ,; z._/o';) 15v l.
- t, ✓ 7. - lu tf -r 25
, " --- ltp,c. -~
Ex. 2 Determine whether the following expressions are equivalent.
3
{(x) = (2x2 + 7x- 2) - (3x + 7) g(x) = (x 2 + 12) + (x2 + 4x - 17) -- Y '1 -H.,I -tt\ -.. - to 1/ -t 75
'
\~(,~)-...- ~,-z..(9:t- t---3',t-? Jl" )-:. ~~ ~ -tl.f~ -5
1,1'"1- t 1.1~ --~
Nu_
Ex. 2 Determine a simplified function that represents the volume of the given box.
Lesson 2-2~~ttlplylng Polynomials -.J ✓_ ,lvJV,
x+Z
• To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, multiply each term inside the
bracket by the term outside the bracket.
v -- l ,< 1 l ) l )( -f I l ( ,( 1 ~ )
x+l
• To multiply a polynomial by a polynomial, multiply each term of one J-:. ftX. '-,o ~ -t-~) C x +'!,)
polynomial by each term of the other polynomial. x+3
V -- Jl ~ -t b.X -z ~ 2..-.,(_ -i ~X "2. -t V{ ~
Ex. 1 Simplify ».)-. , '{'-\ '½\l! 1 \,) /X 1 I J "tb
a)2x(3x - 5) - 4x(x - 7) + 3x(x - 1) b) 2[3(2x + 3) - 2(x - 1)]
\A' 6')( -,tQ; ) Ge,{\)
v-_ X 3 'f;, ~ --z_ ..J. I/ X. +~
:= 0x[}.. - l◊;K - l,(~~ -rR~x a [vi,<:-\q-~y-+ ~ A
') /
rf...fL;; ~ (;ft. \0x i
~ t Lt.x. +~t:]
Q,x_- -t0
--~ ~r-t..i-tl ~x_ /✓-
-_g" -tJ2 ,(. '7 --t: ~ /l-fl 1,,1- -\ G
c)(2x + 3)(4x - 5) d) (4x- 2y) 2 ~ - _ . Square of a Binomial:
~ ~" l'l -lax--\ l;J.,- - IS - If,~ 7... -'-Ir- \. (a+b)2=a2 +2ab+b2
~ l 'U'(\' t '1y Check Your Understanding: Pg. 88 #(4-6)odds, 8 d, 11;
- (/f'l- -VA.{ - (C,
Pg. 95 #(4-6)odds, lla
Z,OFrlzrb
-3 Factoring Polynomials Method 2: X-Method 1. Remove the G.C.F.
l , 2. Find two numbers that
Ex. 5 Factor multiply to give "a" and 2
EXPANDING bo -09-Jo~l..f a) 12x2 + 1Ox -so b )3m 2 - 19mn + 20n
2
other numbers that
3w ---- l l "r~l!:ll
~
multiply to give "c".
Factoring Is the opposite of expanding. To factor , ~ ( &,.(-z. 1 '? ,( - J S)
Sx(x-3) = Sx lSx 2-
means to express a number as a product of 2
numbers or an algebraic expression as a product of ~..(
- .......
-.~cf\ 1- I 0) ©
I vv" / - 9.-l::2""111
~~
~
two or more algebraic expressions. ~,.. / r~)
FACTORING
0A
A. GREATEST COMMON FACTOR (GCFl
Ex. 1 Factor ( E. FACTORING A DIFFERENCE OF SQUARES
A difference of squares Is a blnomlal that satisfies the following conditions:
a) 4x 3
- 16x► b) 3x y 3 3
- 12xy +6x y5 2 4
• Each term Is a perfect s q u a r e f....- 2 - - 2 - - - - - . - /
h 'I"> \ ''I. - \, \ , Ii -\ h j l'
• Has a subtraction sign between the two terms a - b = (a -b)(a + b)
~\,\. t ~ -~~
Ex. 6 Factor
a)~ b) 2a - 8a 3 c) f(x) 7 x2 - 6x + 9, ~ 2
~ t u-"'1\ lA\J(.111 {t1 ~
\.'j l Co~Vl -:Jc,.,_ (\ - lt ~ 1
) - 1. t
'
B. FACTORING BY GROUPING ( {Zx 1..J)(tK <':> 1 ::- ( X - ) ) - l-\ 'I
+v ((,(A kJM-c./
Ex. 2 Factor by grouping: :101 ( \-llC,i )l[il-/14)
a) {(x) =(n3 + 3n2)+~n + 6) b) {(x);;;:
1 2
3
_,+_:_,2 + 0 1 :: \ \\ - '"/' -r 1, 'I) Ii x--1 1) - 2 '/ )j
--V\-i_l\l\i,,·i\-\d--l... 1'.Jl -;;--
::::.---:----'- ~\1'(1r.~ I -_ ,('l. \ 'A. -ti\ -\ I ( )( '\ \)
v" '- -_ l /.. - r7 i: 0 \ /) { X -~ - 2\/)
-_ (V\-\J)l\A1..-1d\) --Li---\\\ t~"\,-\\1
r\ F. FACTORING A PERFECT SQUARE TRINOMIAL{PSTl
C. FACTORING SIMPLE TRINOMIALS {x2 + bx + cl Find two numbers that: A PST is a trinomial that satisfies the following conditions:
Ex. 3 Factor • add to give you "b" a2 + 2ab + b2 =(a+ b) 2
• multiply to give you "c" • 1st and 3rd terms are positive and perfect squares a2 - 2ab + b = (a - b)2
2
a) x2 + 7x + 10 b) x 2 -5xy-14y 2 • middle term term✓3 rd , ; ; ; ; ]
@."
,tlli-:2,~(X;fx, 7: Factor
: :, , Li\ Clo) a) xi~ 100 b) 4x02x +9 c) 4x 2 -28xy + 49y2
2
~i01 --()\ +lo)(X:+10) -=\_d-;_ -t ~) ( 7y -3) -_ ( LKi ::1 11) {i ~ - -:; '/ )
D. FACTORING COMPLEX TRINOMIALS {ax2 + bx + cl
~
1...
Method 1: Decomposition:
Ex. 4 Factor 6y 2 + 26y-20
1. Remove the G.C.F.
2. Find two numbers whose :_ (:,Z(Du)
1,
-=-?x6 3) - [l '( -71 '{) 7,_
• sum = "b"
• product = "ax c"
:~ ( 0,,1- ~(\ -10\ 3. Expand your trinomial using
~
those two numbers (decompose
the middle number)
4. group the terms and factor by Check Your Understanding: Pg. 102 # (1-7, 9) odds, 12 a
-16~ grouping.
~~ l ~~<:)J ~ -
~ /'?i / ( l/-t?) -?-_ C/ -t J)j
- .....
'. £
r=:;;
j
- L,e~uv ® /t\-~((A V\;
Lesson 2-4: Simplifying Rational Expressions
c)
~oI
2-3x
6x-4
, l C/ - 2Qa..,L/
'
Recall: Rational Number= 01 a and bare Integers, b # j : \, d/'Jx._'\ -
~/
~\_1:)'I.. -Cl' I
\ ~ c ~v<7
l--'> Mviµ.(
--.._
IC'o 1-t
itUVl'\
tk sc, ,.,,.,(
fl{ So,.,,,.A
~ W<-v< o p/¥S k c ,
V'/ Ic,,Fa, Vt./ lu r\'-I'//
r} - •
,.
~ :::: ( -atoxl ~ - , . 3 x - :Z 1-u • -.., x 1- 7-
Rational Expressions: Involve the division of polynomials.
( 5 .u ';] )< - ,o
E.g.
~
-i
--
C-y
"I..
1.
-\ I
x"L-<'f. '11
--·-
i_x
Restrictions: Since division by ZERO Is undefined, there are restriction on the
Ex. 3 ) Express In simplest form ·
a) x 2 -Sx-6
2
-= -_
o(
)("f 1
s;~r cm
'-,7f 1,,
~ts/1-tJC,/;z-,.us,
e restrictions.
2x2 -xy-l5y2
e. 1.A _.._ vV/vrc-
Z..l(
3
7
,;
,; '/
X - 36 b) ---=-2-----=:.__::~ ll
variable so the denominator -::t 0. 4x -13xy+3y2 - !> '!
Ex. 1) What restrlctlon(s) must be placed on the variable In each of the following? [ ~ -Cr) (x~ I ) X-:t '!~ ( 1. )<. t >,. / / _<y,---s\/) i17
2
I
x 2x-3 Sx
- l><--c;, ')(,x-10)
-- - ' I - I(
a) ; b) x+ 3 \ c) x(2x+ 1) d) x-3y
( Ll -t. -- \/) l_~()
I '-.. - ~
I
- - X. - 3 \' -:/. (J
Xfo X-f{J -'\-i I '!
1'1 -'.7
I J ,<.. -t I 1D u --l- I (
1----j. ?7,, - X-\0
x-:. ~G 1--. -:./- :) y /
-
1..1
(,I
~+-' - lK, ~ l/
METHOD to Simplify Rational ExJessions:
~l /- ~1;
) X T ~ 11 ) ~
'i
1. Factor FULLY (numerator & denominator)
2. State RESTRICTIONS 10x2 + 25x-15
3. Divide out & simplify
4. Include restrictions In final statement
c) 2x2 + 12x+ 18 to-;c-i. -t 2- 5!)(. - l_s
5('Z-i<'7..~ ~--~)
~ 1'- -z._1' I Z "- -t-18
\ ~,JJA, 1J \ (
Ex. 2) Simplify. State restrictions. J lx--z. . .u:~ ~ q "i
15x 2 y Se_ J r-- a._ --t '::»t. - ~)
X
4 c"'-if'- 6'{\ '\ \/'t A '~
a) 6xy J 'X rv '( 1-0 b) 3x2 -15x "\"~\ ~ \
C-t,~, ~ ~(0f1\ J.... ( }(.. 'L. '1. '1 X. .-It, " )
- "-i
p
-- ~ -7
~
~
'<\)\,~-\ 1_(At';)
- Sx >-..-t-0 S sca~-t) c ~ )
e:_- I '/ -Jo '[ }O , S~) J
I
:: s C 'l-x- l) ~t ~ 1-'?-f
\ J':x-{~J 'a(1x-tl) xt-~
·i..,j(J;S R_[7--t7
Check your Understanding: Pg.112 (1-6) evens, 8, 10 11
J(J(-0)
v"~
1 (f
&'
~Cl~
\~)(''
0).$L_$, . •
Zoba A ~/- r~ r' Cap~ if--r ?Pt l f
~esson 2-5 Multiplying & DividingfRat1onal Expressions
r~ l\ frv
Recall:
I-
) ,\~
-
J
~-~ i.\\C.1
~
METHOD to Simplify Rational Expressions:
1. Factor FULLY.
2. State restrictions.
3. If division is present, multiply by the reciprocal.
4. State MORE restrictions ( on the new denominato r).
5. Divide out common factors & simplify.
6. Include restrictions in the final statement.
Ex. 1) Simplify. State any restrictions.
~AC 1011 ~
x 2 -x-6 x-5 2
x -4x+4 x 2 -5x-6
~ c)
w~~/
2
x -2x-15 X x+2 ) C
_, d) 2 2
\..1 X -4 x +5x+6
\
, v -J,c1- ;i, \-:..Cf-~) Cx-1 r')
+
x---z -~
( t-{ 'I') l Y - 2) .- I
(J<:--\,Z)(x-rs,
JJ~~,d~
'f.ifo},)
I
~
I
f \:J- -) -2J
I I I
CYU:
Z!~v\ Ac-(tt1q, ti(·
c{o3x+2 + 2x-4 'J_ 2x-1 ~
Lesson 2~·6: Addi.Va & Subtracting Rational Expressions {Part 1) &-r 8 "7 -rx 1,,I
Recall: Adding/subtracting fractions requires a common denominator. The same Is
true with rational expressions. If you have trouble finding an LCD, you can
always multiply the denomlnators... lt wlll be common. but not necessarily the
lowest. /"_. ,.J
/
L .- 111 , A,/t{, I
.... l~1J'Z.. t~x-lJ
-
-9x. --ll
2._/l-_ !;ilGM'.\l \..f.lW\mO(\ l\.lnQW\,not - r t - ( ~ ,,c.,Wi "
Q4
le.
6~1, 4.,..t.i
q -- 1-fuM'.
-- 2. - ,~,( -1.,f
-1
Ii ✓ rl"
__,Jo
iL\ J ~W':ro.rt
Remember: a common denominator Is the
denominators.
lowest common multlple (LCM) of All
~v/ , ,\ ~
A. common Denominators /f~ac Gv,-
V\ (//\IA~ ( v{'1 '' )K(Lt,..-1)
Ex. 1) Simplify: (remember to state any restrictions)
2 7 3 7 4
( , C\.
~V\ -:.c~
~
a) x + x - ~ b>c x-5) - (5-x) ( /
~11~
0
-i .,, '""" ht,.,,-(_
__:!:_ ~ L \
!-t9-~ xfo -
J V'- -S ) ' - , - ~ '/.. 1-S
x-- c. Variables and Expressions as Denominators
+~ ½ Ex. 3) Find the LCM (that means the LCD):
-fx I Xju X -S I
x~5 IJIP: Imagine each of the following are denominators and now you need to find the LCD.
le. x, xy L,CM...._x_ 1
-.....____
I\ I .., 7-
x-/- 5 ---.- + /
a. Whole-Number Denominators
Ex. 2) Simplify:
3x ") 2x ?
-
LCD' l C,
r
\
X-7
~(4x-l) -~Qx+2) + 1 l'l.
:<"I ry c~ ~ wwfjt;p~I f},Av;) ~Jt4
a) 5 ':7+ 3 S b> ?J 4 ;_ ')( 6 ',a a) sazb, 4ab• b) 2st2 ,6s 2 t 2,3t c) 2m2 n, m 2n 3 , Smn
la,-. -3 -0~ -!L-1-flZ l C\7 ~ ivo. t //1 LC D-:. ~ ~1- ri,
([ l7-:: IO 1tY11'1, 1;,
\1"'
-=-
,~ \ \2
:: 0x -t0-
\ a.
.l:lllf!: To determine the LCM of the variable terms, choose the , 1iv I r: 1 ,1_,,
\ exponent on each variable.
\
- ao - l'a
---l~
J
- J.
-_ ~ -t ()
l~)
Homework: p. 12 s 7 -3 -1 5 ~ ¥
A 1-Fd~t ?, I.
oq - 10- zo-:i.i, 'J.. ,,.
Lesson 2-7: Adding & Subtracting Rational Expressions {Part 2)
A, Variables and Expressions as Denominators
Ex. 1) Find the LCM (that means the LCD): ' /
b) _x
6X+6
X. \f_S
+ _s
4x-12
1
v.i- 1 1)
'
'►
Imagine each of the following are denominators and now you need to find the LCD.
le. x-2, x+l j_
't-1.)
-'{ ~
(f--\\)
Lt.M: Lt..J1.')lx-t\) Q
~
1 -"ii
\r;i ; 1) ~) LCVVI '· \i ( ,l'.-t 1Y,.,. _,,)
'.) [/-I I) l
a) 3y - 3, Sy+ 10 b) 3m - 15, 4m - 8 c) y 2 + 6y + e, y 2 + 4y + 4
'bl~--~) Cj l \I~ 1.) \
~~ -'J~ \.-\ L~, ..&) \ ~-\ \.\) ~\\ -ra, ,('1 "l' c \\-\ ..~,
~v,_~\ H\
~\~
\ ~('-?\" \ I
j -
le. M \ \Q\ ( 1w.l:i)fM-Z) 1LC,M '~I tt'\~ C\ 1-1'~\c;/~ J
I ~ ((1}<1/f /I lj
I \
lt\A\\ S ('I,.,\ \l '1-\'1,'\ : \~ (y -{ \ ) ( )( - 3)
I
~ )j.._ -i., -&'>< ..\ \SX f I~
(B)ISTEPS \ J._ ~ ) (¥'·-6)
'1.':- Factor fully (any type of factoring).
2. State restrictions.
3. Reduce if possible.
4.1 Find the LCD (often involves multiplying by the other denominators). fi. c~L,.../-· :l Y... ~ t{l 'A.. -\- \l_;. ~ 7-
_J -1
s.twrite out the equivalent rational expressions with the new LCD. I "" ~ -~ / _;o.... /3
6.lAdd/Subtract the numerators.
7. Factor the numerator (if possible).
['JO l, l ~ (x-1- l ) ()(--Q
8. Simplify and state restrictions. c) 4 + 2
9,1 Include restrictions in final statement. m2-9m+18 m2-11m+30
-~
Ex. 2) Simplify and state restrictions.
X 3
, :. L-\__- \(✓ ~ )' /Y VV' -f 7 1 h; -S
a)-----+ 1
2x-4 3x-6
VV\...... ~7
l'---""' -CJ ("" -,') ) L/ Ir" -{. )( W'-S
I ------ ) .
/.,,CM --( VV' - -,, ) {M-5) l tvl -b)
-:.. -- X
°'(A_, A)
-~-
~ x. -a')
2.-
-t __
}
x7J
-l-\ -
\ , [c ;V1 ', cX ( "- 2 ) vV\ --- l..CJ , L Wt -- G
---- ---•- ·---------
,, x l \' ~ I CWI-':))( M -7) ( rv1 --b)
2cJ< - 2) - \-y-->2: l ~ ; 7 .>' - c
----
X -~ -t 'af-~J - GVV" ~zG
..,---- --·-
1'_ (7' - '2..)
"',
/
''•
__ {'
- -/
-~ j·,c' -6 -_ 8'_~- l?))
-J{y- z) ~--
(_Wl ---'2_))(_ \IV" ,,,r-;y l-'¥1 --G / 'f 1 'S . b s I
--_ 0 ~1t-)Cf.,,
---
-1.)
~\. 'I
- :J
- 'Z )
X;cJ
x 2 +sx+6 . x+3 6
d) z -:----
x -3x+2 x-1 x+3
-=-- \_'I -t-3')(
----
)C.-t~}
<.,i-- ~~) ( )\. ,-, ' )
.
-'
( 'i-t ') )
----
( ~- \ ) -- G
( i-t~ \ )
G g:;M-- (,t-2. X'"-i?,\
( ....,_ 7 ~) ( I
'< - ?)
- +'1-
i."1.---fS.x t..G -
(" -2) (?<-I~)
'=i)(
:: ~"1.- - '/. - ~
(-------
f - 71('/-f1?1
'9', \\ %'-" """1 IA.t ':i r,uJ \ 1M , .jl/,j frLu, X\.,t w \ti& /-{
1
C\\l-l7\ 1~ V1 -h\Is, (}.-';v\ tJ ,
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