Solution

X_WTS-23_MARKWISE TEST_CHEMISTRY_3 & 5 MARK

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1. i. Dissolution of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) in water is an endothermic reaction where heat is absorbed from the surroundings
hence making the glass apparatus cooler than before:
NH 4 Cl(s) + H2 O(l) ⟶ NH 4 OH(aq) + HCl(aq)
Ammonium chloride Ammonium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid

ii. Silver chloride (AgCl) undergoes a decomposition reaction in sunlight to give silver metal and chlorine gas:
Sunlight

2AgCl(s) −−−−→ 2Ag(s) + Cl2 (g)

Silver chloride Silver metal

(White) (Grey)

iii. Iron(Fe) displaces copper from its solution, hence the colour of copper sulphate solution becomes less blue or fades. This is an
example of a displacement reaction:
Fe(s) + CuSO4 (aq) ⟶ FeSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)
Copper sulphate Ferrous sulphate

(Blue)

Δ
2. i. F e2 O3 (s) + 2Al(s) ⟶ 2F e(l) + Al2 O3(s)
Iron(III)oxide Aluminium Molten iron Aluminium oxide

The thermite reaction is a displacement reaction.

Δ

ii. 3M g(s) + N2 (g) −

→ M g3 N2 (s)
Magnesium N itrogen Magnesium nitride

The formation of magnesium nitride as above is a combination reaction.

3. Balanced chemical equations are as follow:
i. P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) ⟶ 4PCl5(s)
ii. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ⟶ CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + Heat energy
iii. C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2(g) + 6H2O ⟶ 6CO2(aq) + 12H2O (l) + Energy

4. When zinc reacts with a dilute solution of a strong acid, a salt is formed and hydrogen gas is evolved. Hydrogen is utilised in the
hydrogenation of oil. The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to obtain a saturated hydrocarbon is called
hydrogenation. The chemical equation for reaction between zinc and a stong acid such as hydrochloric acid is as follows:-
Zn + 2HC l → ZnC l2 + H2 ↑

Test for the detection of hydrogen gas: When a burning splinter is brought near the mouth of the test tube, the gas burns with a
pop sound. This indicates that the gas is hydrogen.
5. Since dry pellet of base B absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and becomes sticky, it is hygroscopic in nature. A commonly
used base which is also a by-product of the chlor-alkali process is sodium hydroxide (N aOH ).
2N aC l (aq) + 2H2 O (l) → 2N aOH (aq) + C l2 (g) + H2 (g)

Therefore, 'B' is sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).

Acidic oxides react with bases to give salt and water. A neutralisation reaction will occur when base 'B' is treated with an acidic
oxide. The chemical equation for the neutralisation reaction between N aOH and C O2 - an acidic oxide - can be given as
follows:
2N aOH (aq) + C O2 (g) → N a2 C O3 (aq) + H2 O (l)

6. Aluminium is more reactive than zinc hence it displaces zinc from zinc sulphate solution and forms silvery white zinc metal. The
reaction is as follows:
3ZnSO (aq) + 4
2Al(s) → Al (SO ) (aq) + 3Zn(s) 2 4 3
Z inc sulphate Alu min ium Alu min ium sulphate

7. F + S → F es
′ ′ ′ ′
X Y

Fe + HCl ⟶ FeCl2 + H2
3Fe(s) + 4H2 O(g) → F e3 O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
′ ′
Z

1/3
Contact us at +91 9790977972 or +91 7708004632
 8. Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
General formula for the homologous series of alkanes is CnH2n+2​. The first member of the alkane family is methane.
H

H− C − H
|

General formula for the homologous series of alkenes is CnH2n. The first member of the alkene family is ethene.

General formula for the homologous series of alkynes is CnH2n-2. The first member of the alkyne family is ethyne.
H-C≡C-H
Catalytic hydrogenation is the addition reaction used to convert alkenes to alkanes.
Nickel

CH2 = CH2 + H2 −−−→ C2H6

o
300 C

9. i. Covalent bonded compounds are usually gases and liquids with low boiling and melting points
ii. Electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1s and to attain the stability i.e., to acquire the electronic configuration of nearest
noble gas helium (1s) hydrogen atoms share their single electron with each other Therefore, hydrogen exist in diatomic and
not monoatomic hydrogen.
10. i. Structure of propanoic acid

ii. Structure of 2-propanol

H H H

| | |

H − C − C − C − H
| | |
H OH H

iii. Structure of 1-iodopropane

H H H

| | |

H − C − C − C − I
| | |
H H H

iv. Structure of 3-chlorobutanone

v. Structure of propyne
H H

| |

H − C − C ≡ C − H
| |
H H

Section B
11. Formic acid is the common name for methanoic acid and it is present in a bee stings.
12. pH = -log10 [H+] = 8

log10 [H+] = -8
[H+] = 10-8 mol/L
13. Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
14. C2H5OH is not an ionic compound, it is a covalent compound and hence does not give H+ ions in aqueous solution.
15. Solutions P and Q will turn red litmus solution blue.
16. a. The reactions in which there is an exchange of ions between the reactants are called double displacement reactions.
Example:- Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
b. (i) Combination reaction:- A reaction in which two or more compounds combine to form one single compound.
(ii) CaO + H O → Ca(OH) 2 2
Quick lime
Calcium Hydroxide

Chemical name of the product formed is Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)

2/3
Contact us at +91 9790977972 or +91 7708004632
 (iii) The two observations are:
Reaction takes place vigorously and large amount of heat is released.
17. i. As Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong oxidizing agent, it oxidizes the hydrogen formed into water (H2O) and itself, gets reduced to
an oxide of nitrogen.
ii. When sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong base, is kept in a container made of Aluminium, it reacts to form sodium
aluminate (NaAlO2) with the release of inflammable Hydrogen gas and will corrode the container.
iii. Silver (Ag) is a highly unreactive metal and does not chemically combine with oxygen but gradually it turns black(tarnish)
due to the reaction of silver with the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas in air forming black colour silver sulphide(Ag2S).
iv. If the electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride is carried out, the sodium metal obtained at the cathode reacts with
water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Thus, instead of sodium, hydrogen gas is liberated at the cathode.
v. Aluminium metal has a layer of Aluminium oxide or Alumina (Al2O3) on its surface which is a highly stable compound which
slows down the reaction first when reacting with acid.
18. The organic compounds containing the hydroxyl or alcoholic group (–OH) as the functional group are called alcohols. These are
obtained by replacing one hydrogen atom of an alkane by –OH group. For example,
H H

| Replace one |

H − C − OH −−−−−−→ H − C − OH
| |
H by OH
H h

Alkane Alcohol

They are represented by the general formula CnH2n+1-OH or ROH, where R stands for alkyl group (CnH2n+1 -)
First three members of the series are:
Formula Common name IUPAC name

CH3OH Methyl alcohol Methanol

CH3CH2OH Ethyl alcohol Ethanol

CH3CH2CH2OH Propyl alcohol Propanol

3/3
Contact us at +91 9790977972 or +91 7708004632