CLASS: XII

PHYSICS-042 Date: 20.02.2025

TIME: 3hrs Maximum Marks:70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has 5 sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D,
and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.
4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning
based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each,
Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two
case study
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer
questions of five marks each.
5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in
Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.
6. Use of calculators is not allowed.
7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
(i) c = 3 × 108 m/s
(ii) me = 9.1 × 10-31 kg
(iii) e = 1.6 × 10-19
(iv) μ0 = 4π × 10-7 Tm-1
(v) h = 6.63 × 10-34Js
(vi) Ɛ0 = 8.854 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2
(vii)Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole

S.No. QUESTIONS MARKS

1. In figure given, assuming the diodes to be ideal
(a) D1 is forward biased and D2 is reverse biased and hence current flows from A
to B
(b) D2 is forward biased and D1 is reverse biased and hence no current flows
from B to A and vice versa
(c) D1 and D2 are both forward biased and hence current flows from A to B
(d) D1 and D2 are both reverse biased and hence no current flows from A to B and
vice versa

2. A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged so that the potential on its

surface is 10 V. The potential at the centre of the sphere is
(a) zero (b) 10 V (c ) Same as at point 5 cm away from the surface
(d)Same as at point 25 cm away from the surface

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3. Heavy stable nuclei have more neutrons than protons. This is because of the fact
that
(a) Neutrons are heavier than protons.
(b) Electrostatic force between protons are repulsive
(c) Neutrons decay into protons through beta decay
(d) Nuclear forces between neutrons are weaker than that between protons

4. If M is magnetic moment and B is the magnetic intensity, then the torque is given
by
(a) M.B (b) M/B (c ) M x B (d) B/M

5. A proton, a neutron, an electron and an alpha particle have same energy. Then
their de-broglie wavelength compared as

6. In Young’s double-slit experiment, the intensity at the central maximum is I0 , if

one of the slit is covered, then the intensity at the central maximum become :
(a) I0/2 (b) I0/√2 (c) I0/4 (d) I0

7. We combine two lenses, one is convex and other is concave having focal lengths
f1 and f2 and their combined focal length is F. Combination of the lenses will
behave like concave if
(a) F1 > f2 (b) F1 = f2 ( c) F1 < f2 (d ) none of these

8. A charged particle oscillates about its mean equilibrium position with a frequency
of 109Hz. For producing electromagnetic waves which one is not true?
(a)They will have frequency of 109Hz.
(b) They will have frequency of 2 x 109Hz.
(c) They will have a wavelength of 0.3 m
(d) They fall in the region of radio waves

9. In an LCR series ac circuit, the voltage across each of the components L, C and R
is 50 V. The voltage across the LC- combination will be
(a) 50 V (b) 50 √2 V (c) 100 V (d) zero

10. In Bohr’s model, the atomic radius of the first orbit is r0. Then, the radius of the
third orbit is
(a) r0/9 (b) r0 (c ) 9r0 (d) 3r0

11. The current I and voltage V curves for a given metallic wire at two different

temperatures T1 and T2 are shown in the figure.

Then,
(a) T1> T2 (b) T1< T2 (c) T1 = T2 (d) T1 = 2T2

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12. Two charges of equal magnitude kept at a distance r exert a force F on each other.
If the charges are halved and distance between them is doubled, then the new
force acting on each charge is
(a) F/8 (b) F/4 (c) 4F (d) F/16

In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a

statement of reason.
Mark the correct choice as :
a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion
b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion
c) If assertion is true but reason is false
d) If both assertion and reason are false.
13. Assertion: Conductivity of an n-type semiconductor is greater than that of p-type
semiconductor.
Reason: Electrons have greater mobility than holes.

14. Assertion: To observe diffraction of light the size of the obstacle should be of the
order of 10-7m.
Reason: 10-7m is the order of the wavelength of visible light.

15. Assertion : An electric bulb starts glowing instantly as it is switched on.

Reason: Drift speed of electrons in a metallic wire is very large

16. Assertion: Lines of force are perpendicular to conductor surface.

Reason: Generally electric field is perpendicular to equipotential surface.

17. A cell of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a variable resistor R.
Draw a plot of the terminal voltage versus the current I. It is found that when R =
4 Ω, the current is 1 A and when R = 9Ω, the current reduces to 0.5 A. Find the
values of the E and internal resistance r.

18. Assuming that the MRI scan test involved a magnetic field of 0.1 T, find the
maximum and minimum values of the force that this field could exert on a proton
moving with a speed of 104m/s. State the condition under which the force can be
minimum.

19. How will the interference pattern in Young’s double slit experiment get affected,
when(i) distance between the slits is reduced, and (ii) the entire set-up is immersed
in water? Justify your answer in each case.
OR

Define a wavefront. Using Huygens’ principle, verify the laws of reflection at a

plane surface.

20. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation. State clearly three salient features
observed in photoelectric effect, which can be explained on the basis of the above
equation.

21. Draw a plot of potential energy between a pair of nucleons as a function of their
separation. Mark the regions where potential energy is (i) positive and (ii)
negative.

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22. An electron moves a distance of 6 cm when accelerated from rest by an electric
field of strength 2 x 104 NC-1. Calculate the time of travel.

23. Define an equipotential surface. Draw equipotential surfaces:

(i) in the case of single point charge and
(ii) in a constant electric field in the z-directions.
Why the equipotential surfaces about a single charge are not equidistant?
Can electric field exist tangential to an equipotential surface? Give reason.
OR
Calculate the electrostatic potential energy of a system of three point charges q1,
q2 and q3 located respectively at r1, r2 and r3 with respect to a common origin O

24. Show diagrammatically the behavior of magnetic field lines in the presence of
(i) para magnetic and (ii) diamagnetic substances.
How does one explain this distinguishing feature. Give one more difference
between dia and para magnetic substances.
25. Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
(a) suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
(b) used to treat muscular strain.
(c) used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
Write in brief, how these waves can be produced.

26. (i) How is the focal length of a spherical mirror affected when it is immersed in
glycerine?
(ii) A convex lens has 15 cm focal length in air. What is its focal length in water?(
Refractive index of water = 1.33, Refractive index of glass is 1.5).
27. What is a rectifier? With the help of a circuit diagram, explain the working of a
half-wave rectifier.
28. (i) Draw energy band diagram for an intrinsic semiconductor at T = 0 K.
(ii) Draw energy band diagrams of an n-type and a p-type semiconductor at
temperature T > 0 K. Mark the donor and acceptor energy levels with their energies
29. Case study
Using Galvanometer as an Ammeter and a Voltmeter
A galvanometer is a device used to detect current in an electric circuit. It cannot as
such be used as an ammeter to measure current in a given circuit. This is because
galvanometer is a very sensitive device, it gives a full-scale deflection for a current
of the order of µA. Moreover for measuring currents, the galvanometer has to be
connected in series, and it has a large resistance, this will change the value of
current in the circuit. To overcome these difficulties, we connect a small resistance
Rs, called shunt resistance, in parallel with galvanometer coil, so that most of the
current passes through the shunt. Now to use galvanometer as a voltmeter, it has to
be connected parallel with the circuit element across which we need to measure
potential difference. Moreover, it must draw a very small current, otherwise it will
appreciably change the voltage which we are measuring. To ensure this a large
resistance R is connected in series with the galvanometer.

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 1. A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 15Ω and gives full scale deflection for a
current of 4 mA. To convert it to an ammeter of range 0 to 6 A
(a)10 mΩ resistance is to be connected in parallel to the galvanometer
(b)10 mΩ resistance is to be connected in series with the galvanometer.
(c )0.1 Ω resistance is to be connected in parallel to the galvanometer.
(d) 0.1Ω resistance is to be connected in series with the galvanometer

2. Two identical galvanometers are converted into an ammeter and a milliammeter.

Resistance of the shunt of milliammeter through which the current pass through
will be
(a) more (b) equal (c ) less (d) zero
3. A volt meter has resistance of G ohm and range of V volt. The value of resistance
used in series to convert it into a voltmeter of range nV volt is
(a) nG (b)(n-1)G (c) G/n (d) G/n-1

4. By mistake a volt meter is connected in series and an ammeter is connected in

parallel with a resistance in an electrical circuit. What will happen to the
instruments?
(a) Voltmeter is damaged (b) Ammeter is damaged
(c) Both are damaged (d) None is damaged

30. Einstein’s Planck’s quantum theory explains photoelectric emission. He assumed

that radiation is not a wave but a particle to quantized energy and emission of
electron is the result of the elastic collision between the incident particle and
electrons of atoms on/inside the surface of metals.
In 1924, Louis de Broglie put forward that like radiation, matter should also possess
dual nature. It means that moving particles of matter display wave like properties.
1. The momentum of a photon of wavelength 5000 Å will be
(a) 1.3 x 10-27Kgms-1 (b) 1.3 x 10-28Kgms-1
© 4 x 10-19Kgms-1 (d) 4 x 10-18Kgms-1
2. An electorn and a photon have equal de broglie wavelength. Which one of them
will hav egreated kinetic energy?
(a) electron (b) proton (c ) both will move with same speed
(d) None of these
3. The correct graph for depicting energy of a photon E as a function of its
wavelength λ is

4. The wavelength of light incident on a metal surface is increased keeping the

intensity constant. Then the
(a) number of emitted electrons will increase.
(b) energy of emitted electrons will decrease
© number of emitted electrons remains the same
(d) Stopping potential required will increase.
31. (i) Derive an expression for drift velocity of electrons in a conductor. Hence deduce
Ohm’s law.

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 (ii) A wire whose cross-sectional area is increasing linearly from its one end to the
other, is connected across a battery of V volts. Which of the following quantities
remain constant in the wire?
(a) drift speed (b) current density ( c ) electric current (d) electric field . Justify
your answer.
OR
(a) State Kirchoff’s rules for a network. Using Kirchoff’s rules, obtain the balance
condition in terms of the resistance of four arms of wheatstone bridge.
(b) Define the term conductivity of a metallic wire. Write its SI unit. Derive an
expression for the conductivity of a wire in terms of number density and relaxation
time
32. (a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
(b) The magnetic field through a circular loop of wire 12 cm in radius and 8.5Ω
resistance, changes with time as shown in figure. The magnetic field is
perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Calculate the induced current in the loop and
plot it as a function of time.
(c) Show that Lenz’s law is a consequence of conservation of energy.

OR
(a) Define mutual inductance and write its SI units
(b) Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solenoids
of same length wound one over the other.
(c) In an experiment, two coils c1 and c2 are placed close to each other. Find out the
expression for the emf induced in the coil c1 due to a change in the current through
the coil c2
33. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show image formation when the concave mirror produces
a real, inverted and magnified image of the object
(b) Obtain the mirror formula and write the expression for the linear magnification
(c) Explain two advantages of a reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope.
OR

(a) Draw a labelled ray diagram of a refraction type telescope in normal adjustment.
Derive an equation for magnification of the telescope.
(b) The total magnification produced by a compound microscope is 20. The
magnification produced by the eyepiece is 5. The microscope is focused on a certain
object. The distance between the objective and eyepiece is observed to be 14 cm.
If least distance of distinct vision is 20 cm, calculate the focal length of the objective
and the eyepiece.

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