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EXAM NALE

The document discusses various power generation methods, including hydro, thermal, nuclear, diesel, gas turbine, solar, wind, and biomass, detailing their working principles, advantages, disadvantages, and environmental impacts. It also covers the importance of electrical power generation, site selection factors for wind power plants, applications of fuel cells, and functions of load dispatch centers. Additionally, it defines terms related to power systems and outlines the structure of electrical grids and the causes and impacts of grid failures.

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praveenkiran0012345
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8 views7 pages

EXAM NALE

The document discusses various power generation methods, including hydro, thermal, nuclear, diesel, gas turbine, solar, wind, and biomass, detailing their working principles, advantages, disadvantages, and environmental impacts. It also covers the importance of electrical power generation, site selection factors for wind power plants, applications of fuel cells, and functions of load dispatch centers. Additionally, it defines terms related to power systems and outlines the structure of electrical grids and the causes and impacts of grid failures.

Uploaded by

praveenkiran0012345
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Draw the general layout of hydro power plant and explain its
working.

produce hydroelectricity, high rise dams are constructed on the river to obstruct the
flow of water and thereby collect water in very large reservoirs. The water from high
level in the dam is carried through pipes, to the turbine, at the bottom of the dam. The
turbines are connected to the generator
2.List the any 5 renewable sources of electrical energy
1)SOLAR ENERGY
2)WIND ENERGY. ...
a) GEOTHERMAL ENERGY. ...
b) HYDROPOWER. ...
c) OCEAN ENERGY. ...
d) BIOENERGY.
3.Explain the importance of electrical power generation.
It enhances our quality of living, ensures safety and security, facilitates
transportation, and contributes to medical progress.
a) List the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power plant.
Advantages of Thermal Power Plant

o The cost of fuel (coal) is cheaper as compared to nuclear power plants.


o Less quantity of water is required as compared to hydel power plants
o A large amount of power can be generated.
o Less space is required that for hydroelectric plants

Disadvantages of Thermal Power Plant

o High maintenance and operating costs.


o Pollution of the atmosphere due to fumes and residues from pulverized fuels.
o Requirement of water in huge quantities.
o Handling coal and the disposal of ash is quite difficult.
o Troubles from stroke and heat from the plant
o

3.Explain the working of Nuclear power plant with


neat schematic diagram.
Nuclear power reactors use heat produced during atomic fission to boil water and
produce pressurized steam. The steam is routed through the reactor steam
system to spin large turbines blades that drive magnetic generators to produce
electricity.

4.List the main components of diesel power plant.


®Fuel Storage Tank,
® Fuel Filter
Fuel Transfer Pump,
Day Tank HEATERS
CONNECTING PIPES.
5.Brief out the environmental impacts of Nuclear power plant.
The main environmental impact of nuclear power is related to building the plant,
fuel procurement and the thermal load of cooling water discharged into the sea
during operation. Of these three things, the most significant environmental
concern is the thermal load on the sea caused by the cooling water.
At high doses, ionizing radiation can cause immediate damage to a person's
body, including, at very high doses, radiation sickness and death
6.working of gas turbine power plan

As hot combustion gas expands through the turbine, it


spins the rotating blades. The rotating blades perform a
dual function: they drive the compressor to draw more
pressurized air into the combustion section, and they spin a
generator to produce electricity.

7.Explain the construction and working of Solar cell with neat


schematic diagram
A solar cell consists of a layer of p-type silicon placed next to a layer of n-type
silicon (Fig. 1). In the n-type layer, there is an excess of electrons, and in the p-
type layer, there is an excess of positively charged holes
8. the importance of Wind energy.
Wind power is a clean and renewable energy source.Wind
turbines harness energy from the wind using mechanical
power to spin a generator and create electricity. Not only is
wind an abundant and inexhaustible resource, but it also
provides electricity without burning any fuel or polluting the
air

9.sketch of horizontal axis wind turbine power plant and briefly


explain the components used in it.

rotor, main bearing, main shaft, gearbox, and generator.

10.List the factors to be considered for site selection of Wind power


plant
1. High annual average wind speed:
2. Availability of anemometry data:
3. Availability of wind V(t) Curve at the proposed site:
4. Wind structure at the proposed site:
5. Altitude of the proposed site:
6. Terrain and its aerodynamic:
7. Local Ecology
11.What is a biomass? List the sources of biomass.
Biomass is renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals

Garden waste
Animal waste
Agricultural biomass
Agricultural residues
Wood wastes
Biomass
Landfills
Agricultural waste
12. List the applications of fuel cells.
Fuel cells are used for primary and backup power for commercial,
industrial and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible
areas.
13.List the functions of Load dispatch centre.
Monitor grid operations
Keeping accounts of electricity transmitted
Analysis of tripping and disturbances
Facilitating bilateral exchanges
Daily scheduling and operational planning
It provides system security
Operational system study

14.What is an Electrical grid? List the causes and impact of grid failure.
An electric grid is a network of synchronized power providers and consumers that are
connected by transmission and distribution lines and operated by one or more control
centers.
Low to Medium Impact with High Frequency

1. Weather, including ice and high winds


2. Earthquakes and other natural disasters
3. Increased demand
4. Intentional/Planned Outages
5. Human Error
6. The aging power grid
7. Renewable energy problems

High Impact with Low Frequency

8. Physical Attack
9. Cyber Attacks
10. Solar CME & Nuclear EMP

15.Draw the single line diagram of 11KV/400V Indoor substation.


16.Distinguish between Feeder, Distributor and service mains with neat
single line diagram.

Feeders

 It is a conductor which connects between generating


stations to the area of the where power supply requires.
 The cross section area of feeder is determined by
considering current passes through it.
 The voltage drop in the feeder is not important because
the toppings are not taken out from it.
 The current passes through feeder remains the same as
there is no load connected to it.

Distributors

 The distributors are the conductors from which numbers of


tapping are taken out for providing power to the consumers.
 The design of distribution is done by considering voltage
regulation.
 The size of the distributor should be such that the voltage
at the consumer’s terminal should be within permissible limits
( ± 6 of the rated voltage )

Service mains

 It is conductors which connects between distributors to the


consumer’s terminals
17.Draw the Single line diagram of AC transmission and
distribution system and Label the parts.

Define the terms

(1) Connected Load


Connected Load is the energy consumed when all connected systems, circuits, components,
devices or equipment are operating and drawing power at the same tim
(ii) Cold reserve
Cold reserve: It is the generating capacity which is available for service but not normally
ready for immediate loading.
(iii) Base Load
the minimum amount of electricity required during the course of the day

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