Syllabus of Zoology

(Theory and Practical)

(Semester-wise course structure for Post-Graduation in Zoology in CSJM University,
Kanpur in accordance with guidelines of NEP-2020)

As approved by
Board of Studies for Zoology
C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur
 CSJM University
M.Sc. Zoology Syllabus
Practical
1. Practical work will be based on the paper (Core or Elective) in the given semester.
2. Each practical work will be of 4 credits (or 100 marks)

Research Project in Postgraduation

• A student has to do a detailed research project in 4th and 5th year of higher education (first and second
year of post-graduation)
• This research project will be based on the main subject.
• This research project can be interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary. It can also be based on industrial
training/internship/survey work.
• This research project will be done under a supervisor from the institutional teaching faculty. A Co-
supervisor from any industry/company/technical institute/Research Institute can also be chosen.
• A postgraduate student has to do a research project of 4 credits (4 hours per week) per semester.
• The final project report/dissertation of both semesters will be submitted at the end of the year by the
student.
• The final report will be evaluated by the supervisor and an external examiner appointed by the
University for 100 marks. It will have 8 credits.
• Evaluation of the project work will be done considering the project report, presentation and viva-
voce.
• Students can be credited 25 extra marks if they get research papers based on projects published in
UGC-CARE listed Journals during their postgraduation course. Nevertheless, the maximum marks
will not exceed 100.
• Grades will be mentioned on the basis of marks obtained in the research project and they will be
included in the CGPA calculations.

Minor Elective paper from other faculty

• In the first year, a PG student will have to opt for one minor elective paper from any other faculty of
4 credits.
 CHHATRAPATI SHAHU JI MAHARAJ UNIVERSITY, KANPUR
STRUCTURE OF SYLLABUS FOR THE

PROGRAM: M.Sc., SUBJECT: ZOOLOGY

Syllabus Developed by
Name of BoS Convenor / BoS Member Designation College/University
DR. ATUL KUMAR MISHRA Convenor D.A.V. COLLEGE, CIVIL LINES, KANPUR

SEMESTER COURSE TYPE COURSE TITLE CREDITS CIA ESE MAX.

/ YEAR CODE MARKS
IST YEAR / B050701T CORE NON CHORDATA 4 25 75 100
IST SEM B050702T BIOSYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY
CORE 4 25 75 100
BIOLOGY
B050703T CORE CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS 4 25 75 100
B050704T QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY, RESEARCH
CORE METHODOLOGY AND 4 25 75 100
BIOINSTRUMENTATION
B050705P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 4 25 75 100

IST YEAR / B050801T CORE CHORDATA 4 25 75 100

IIND SEM B050802T CORE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 4 25 75 100
B050803T REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL
CORE 4 25 75 100
BIOLOGY
B050804T APICULTURE
B050805T SERICULTURE
ELECTIVE 4 25 75 100
B050806T LAC- CULTURE
B050807T AQUACULTURE
B050808P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 4 25 75 100
B050809R PROJECT RESEARCH PROJECT 8 25 75 100
MINOR FROM OTHER FACULTY (IN 1ST YEAR) 4/5/6 25 75 100
ELECTIVE

IIND YEAR / B050901T ETHOLOGY, BIODIVERSITY AND WILDLIFE

CORE 4 25 75 100
IIIRD SEM CONSERVATION
B050902T MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND
CORE 4 25 75 100
BIOINFORMATICS
B050903T WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE
ELECTIVE DEVELOPMENT 4
25 75 100
B050904T AGROCHEMICALS AND PEST MANAGEMENT
B050905T ENTOMOLOGY
B050906T PARASITOLOGY
B050907T ICHTHYOLOGY
ELECTIVE 4 25 75 100
B050908T ENDOCRINOLOGY
B050909T ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
B050910T ANIMAL CYTOGENETICS
B050911P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 4 25 75 100
 CHHATRAPATI SHAHU JI MAHARAJ UNIVERSITY, KANPUR
STRUCTURE OF SYLLABUS FOR THE

PROGRAM: M.Sc., SUBJECT: ZOOLOGY

IIND YEAR / B051001T CORE ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 4 25 75 100

IVTH SEM B051002T PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE
ELECTIVE 4 25 75 100
B051003T HUMAN NUTRITION AND THERAPEUTICS
B051004T MICROBIOLOGY
ELECTIVE 4 25 75 100
B051005T BIOTECHNOLOGY
B051006T APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY
B051007T CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY
B051008T APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
ELECTIVE 4 25 75 100
B051009T MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
B051010T APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
B051011T CLINICAL CYTOGENETICS
B051012P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 4 25 75 100
B051013R PROJECT RESEARCH PROJECT 8 25 75 100
Syllabus
Semester - I
 Non Chordata
Paper Code: B050701T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of Lectures
Concepts of Protista
Classification of an organism (Whittaker)
I Body Covering and skeleton of Protozoa, Ultrastructure
15
Nucleus and reproduction in Protozoa, Locomotion and Osmoregulation in
Protozoa, Nutrition in Protozoa

Nutrition and Digestion: Patterns of feeding and digestion in lower metazoan

Filter feeding in Protozoans, Polychaeta, Molluscs and Echinoderms
Cell type, Canal System, Skeleton and Reproduction in Porifera 15
Nematocysts, Polymorphism, Metagenesis, Corals and Coral reefs, Origin of
II
Metazoan
General Organization of Trematoda & Cestoda, Parasitic Adaptations in
Helminthes

Economic importance of Nematodes in Plants and Animals

Invertebrate Larvae: Larval forms of free-living invertebrates, Larval forms
of Cestodes and Trematodes 15
III Evolutionary Significance of Trochophore Larva, Adaptive radiation in
Polychaetes
Organization and affinities of Onychophora, Larval forms and Parasitism of
Crustacea, Respiratory organs in Arthropods

Modifications of Foot in Mollusca, Shell types in Mollusca

Torsion in Gastropoda, Detortion, Respiration in Mollusca, Nervous System 15
in Mollusca
IV Origin of Deuterostomia, Water Vascular System in Echinodermata
Salient features and affinities of Rotifera, Ctenophora and Phoronida
Suggested books:
1. Hyman, L.H. The Invertebrate Vol.-I & II
2. Barrington, EJU: Invertebrate structure and function
3. Ruppert, Edward E., Fox, Richard S. & Barnes, Robert D. Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary
Approach
4. Pechenik, Jan A. Biology of the Invertebrates
5. Non Chordata – Meglitsch Paul A
6. Parker T.J. and Haswell, W.A. Text book of Zoology Vol. – I
7. Jargenstein, G. Evolution of Metazoan Life
8. Moore: An Introduction to the Invertebrates
 Biosystematics and Evolutionary Biology
Paper Code: B050702T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of Lectures
Basic Concept of Animal Taxonomy, A Historical review, taxonomic
terms, Classification and Nomenclature; Phenon; taxon and category,
I
 ,  and  Taxonomy
Recent trends in Taxonomy: Chemotaxonomy, Cytotaxonomy, 15
Serotaxonomy, Molecular Taxonomy
Microtaxonomy: Species concepts, nominalistic species concepts,
biological species concept and evolutionary species concept

Macrotaxonomy: Phenetics, Cladistics and Phylogenetic

Variations in Systematics, Taxonomic Procedures, Keys
II Importance of application of systematics in Biology 15
International Code of Zoological nomenclature (ICZN), Type concept,
Law of priority,
The present Scenario and the global taxonomic initiatives

Various Evolutionary theories, Natural Selection and its types, molecular

signatures of natural selection. Adaption: its evolutionary analysis,
III Speciation: allopatric, sympatric, parapatric, peripatric.
15
Elemental Forces of evolution: Mutation, genetic drift, Isolation

Hardy-Weinberg law and its application, Conditions for the maintenance of

genetic equilibrium, genetic death, probability and Goodness of fit
IV 15
Polygenic inheritance, Chromosome phylogeny in Drosophila
Molecular phylogenies, Molecular clock, Molecular tools in phylogeny
Suggested books:
1. Principles of Systematic Zoology by Ernst Mayr
2. Principles of Animal Taxonomy by G.G. Simpson
3. Schuh, R.T., and A.V.Z. Brower. Biological Systematics: Principles and Applications
4. Wiley, E. O. and B. S. Lieberman. Phylogenetics: Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics
5. Animal Taxonomy by H. E. Goto
6. Evolution: An Introduction by S.C. Stearns and R.F. Hoekstra
7. Evolution by N. H. Barton et. al.
8. Ridley, M: Evolution
9. Schuh, R.T., and A.V.Z. Brower. Biological Systematics: Principles and Applications
10. Futuyma: Evolutionary Biology
11. Lull, R.S. Organic Evolution
12. Hartl and Clarke: Principles of Population Genetics
 Cell Biology and Genetics
Paper Code: B050703T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Cellular membrane and cytoskeleton:
An overview of membrane functions, Chemical composition of cell membrane.
Structure and functions of membrane proteins: Integral protein, peripheral
I membrane proteins and lipid-anchored membrane proteins. Membrane models.
Movement of substances across cell membranes: Diffusion, active transport, uniport, 15
symport and antiport
Microtubules, Intermediate filaments and Microfilaments: Structure, Functions and
assembly, Endomembrane system (ER-GC), Ribosome, Targeting and sorting of
proteins: Processing through endomembrane system, Targeting of cytosolic proteins

Mitochondria: Structure, Assemblies of respiratory chain & Fo-F1 ATPase,

Oxidative phosphorylation, ATP and other high energy phosphate compounds
Nucleolus: Structure and biogenesis of ribosomes, Cell Signalling: Cell-cell
II interaction, Chemical mediators, Cell surface and intracellular receptors, Regulation 15
of signalling pathways, JAK-STAT pathway, MAP Kinase pathway, Apoptosis
Cell division: Mitosis, Role of maturation promoting factor, regulation of cell cycle,
chromosomal movement, Exit from mitosis, Cytokinesis
Meiosis: Overview, Chromosome pairing and recombination
Genetics-I: Mendel’s laws and their chromosomal basis, Extensions of Mendelism:
Dominance relationships, Epistasis, Pleiotropy, Expressivity and penetrance.
III Methods of gene mapping: 3-point test cross in Drosophila, Gene mapping in
human by linkage analysis in pedigrees, Tetrad analysis in Neurospora 15
Gene Mutation: Types of gene mutations, Methods for detection of induced
mutations, P-element insertional mutagenesis in Drosophila, DNA damage and
repair, mechanism of Homologous recombination
Genetics II: Nature of the gene and its functions: Evolution of the concept of gene,
Fine structure of gene, Regulation of gene activity in lac and trp operons of E. coli,
IV organization of a typical eukaryotic gene, Mobile DNA, enhancers and silencers; 15
non-coding genes, Organization and function of mitochondrial DNA
Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction enzymes, Plasmid and phage vectors for
cloning, Genomic and cDNA libraries; detection of genes and their products
Suggested books:
1.Becker et. al.: The World of the Cell 2. The Cell: A Molecular Approach by Cooper and Hausman
3. Cell and Molecular Biology by Karp 4. Molecular Biology of the Cell by Alberts et al. 5. Molecular Cell
Biology by Lodish et al 6. Genetics by Benjamin A. Pierce 7. Concepts of Genetics by William S. Klug, M.
R. Cummings 8. Lewin: Gene XII 9. Genome 3 by T. A. Brown 10. Principles of gene manipulation and
genomics by R.M. Twyman and S.B. Primrose 11. Genetics by Peter J. Russell 12. Watson: Molecular
Biology of the Gene 13. Cells by Wong 14. Cell Biology by Pollard et al 15. Genetics a molecular approach
by T.A. Brown 16. Cell and molecular biology by Sheeler and Bianchi
 Quantitative Biology, Research Methodology and Bioinstrumentation
Paper Code: B050704T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of
Variations, Correlation and Regression
I Testing of Hypothesis: Null Hypothesis & Alternative Hypothesis, Type I and Type
II Error, Level of Significance 15
Test of Significance: Parametric tests (Paired and unpaired t-test, Z-test, F-test) &
non-Parametric tests (Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test)
Probability: Probability theory: Binomial distribution, Poisson distributions
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): One way and two-way
Research Design, Data Collection, Data Presentation: Classification and Tabulation
of Data. Diagrammatic and Graphical Presentation of Data: Bar Diagram,
Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Pie-diagram, Analysis of Data
II Literature survey: sources, print and digital 15
Types of Research: Descriptive vs Analytical; Applied vs Basic; Qualitative vs
Quantitative; Conceptual vs Empirical; Survey vs Experimental
Interpretation, report writing and Publication, Ethical aspects of biological research
Microscopy: Light, Phase contrast, Transmission & electron microscopy,
Fluorescence microscopy, freeze fracture electron microscopy, different fixation and
III staining techniques for EM
Principal of spectrophotometry (UV & Visible), PH meter and GM Counter 15
Electron Spine Resonance & Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy
Centrifugation: Isolation of DNA, RNA and Proteins
Chromatography: Paper Chromatography, TLC, HPLC
Electrophoresis: one dimensional & two-dimensional
Polymerase change reaction (PCR), DNA sequences, Microtome, Laminar flow
Histochemical and Immunotechniques: Detection of molecules using ELISA,
RIA, western blot, immunoprecipitation, flowcytometry and immunofluorescence
IV microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells, in situ localization by techniques 15
(FISH and GISH)
Electrophysiological methods:
Patch-clamp recording, ECG, CAT, fMRI, PET, MRI
Suggested books:
1-Boyer: Modern Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular biology 2. Switzer and Garrity: Experimental
Biochemistry 3. Wilson and Walker: Practical Biochemistry 4. Plumer: An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry
Holme and Peck: Analytical Biochemistry 5. Antonisamy, B., Christopher S. and Samuel, P. P. Biostatistics:
Principles and Practice 6. Pagana, M. and Gavreau, K. Principles of Biostatistics 7. Zar, Jerrold H. Biostatistical
Analysis 8. Walliman, N. Research Methods-The Basics 8. Kothari, C. R. Research Methodologies-Methods and
Techniques 9. Dawson, C. Practical Research Methods 10. Booth, W.C., Colomb, G.G. and Williams, J.M. (2003).
The Craft of Research 11. Physical Biochemistry by David M. Freifelder
Practical Syllabus
Semester I
B050705P Practical Max. Marks 100 (25+75)
The duration of the practical examination will be 04 hours. The distribution of marks in End
Semester Examination (ESE) will be as follows-

1. Exercises based on Non Chordata (B050701T) 20

2. Exercises based on Biosystematics and Evolutionary biology (B050702T) 05
3. Exercises based on Cell biology and Genetics (B050703T) 05
4. Exercises based on Quantitative biology, research methodology 10
& Bioinstrumentation (B050704T)
5. Identify and comment upon spot 1-10 (10 spots) 15
6. Viva-voce 10
7. Practical record 10
Grand Total = 75

Distribution of marks of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):

1. Examination ……………………………………………………………………………………. 15
2. Seminar/Presentation/Assignment/Quizzes…………………………………………………….. 10
Grand Total = 25
 M.Sc. Semester-I
Zoology Practical Examination (ESE) - 20….
Date: Batch: Duration: 4 hrs Max. Marks: 75
Question Paper
Q.No.1. Dissect the animal provided (………………………………………) so as to expose its 10
nervous system as clearly as possible. Display your dissection suitably.
(Aplysia/ Mytilus/Sepia/Squilla)
Q. No. 2. Make a suitable permanent stained preparation of …………………………….from the 10
material / animal……………………. provided.
Q. No. 3. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 15
Q. No. 4. Any one exercise based on Biosystematics and Evolutionary biology 05
(One invertebrate +one vertebrate)
Q. No. 5. Any one exercise from Cell biology and Genetics 05
Q. No. 6. Any one exercise from Quantitative biology and Bioinstrumentation 10
Q. No. 7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 10

Spots: (Museum specimens:4 and Slides:6)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9
10.
Detailed Syllabus of Semester -I
B050701T Non Chordata:
1. Major Dissections-
Aplysia- Nervous system
Mytilus-Nervous system
Sepia – Nervous system
Squilla- Nervous system
2. Minor Dissections-
Palaemon – Nervous system
Pila – Nervous system
Lamellidens- Nervous system
3. Take out and Mount- (Permanent Preparation):
Pheretima – Nerve ring, Septal nephridia, ovary
Palaemon – Appendages, Statocyst, Hastate plate
Pila- Osphradium, Radula
Cockroach- Salivary glands, testes, ovary, Gizzard
Lamellidens- Gill lamella
4. Mounting materials to be provided:
Porifera: Gemmule of Spongilla, Spongin fibres, Spicules
Coelenterata: Obelia colony, Hydra, Sertularia, Companularia
Arthropoda: Daphnia, Zoea larva, Mysis larva, Pediculus, Cimex
5. Study of Museum Specimens and Prepared slides

B050702T Biosystematics and Evolutionary biology:

1. Adaptive modifications in feet of birds and mouth parts of insects (from slides)
2. Embryological evidence of evolution (through charts)
3. Serial homology in appendages of Palaemon
4. Analogy and homology (wings of birds and insects, forelimbs of bat and rabbit)
5. Evolution of Horse – through models
6. Study of adaptation and its significance in following animals-
(i) Physalia
(ii) Taenia
(iii) Ascaris
(iv) Fasciola
(v) Hirudinaria
(vi) Limulus
 (vii) Peripatus
(viii) Antedon
(ix) Petromyzon
(x) Pristis
(xi) Chimaera
(xii) Exocoetus
(xiii) Anabas
(xiv) Neoceratodus
(xv) Rhacophorus
(xvi) Chamaeleon
(xvii) Draco
(xviii) Struthio
(xix) Tachyglossus
(xx) Macropus
Biosystematics:
Specimen collection, preservation and identification (Any one animal from any phyla of animal kingdom)
B050703T Cell biology and Genetics:
1. Study of different stages of Mitosis and Meiosis (Prepared slides)
2. Preparation of temporary stained squash of onion root tip to study various stages of mitosis
3. Temporary/permanent squash preparation of giant chromosome
4. Analysis of Pedigree charts
5. Genetical exercises based on Test cross, Dihybrid cross, Sex linked inheritance
6. Study of human karyotypes and numerical alterations (Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome and
Turner syndrome)
B050704T Quantitative biology, Research methodology and Bioinstrumentation:
I. Microtomy: Preparation of Blocks, section cutting, and stretching by wax methods and staining of
vertebrate tissues by double staining methods
II. Microscope and its practical uses- Simple microscope, Compound microscope, Binocular
microscope, Phase contrast microscope, Electron microscope
III. Common biological instruments in laboratory: Practical use Chromatography, Electrophoresis, pH
meter, Colorimeter
IV. General method of microscopic preparation, single and double staining methods
V. Method of preparation of fixatives, stains and useful reagents used in a laboratory
Quantitative biology:
1. Measures of central tendencies (Arithmetic means, Median, Mode, Standard deviation and Numerical
based on them)
2. Mean deviation, test of significance (t-test and Chi-square test) numerical problems based on them
3. Corelation coefficient
4. Analysis of varience
Semester-II
 Chordata
Paper Code: B050801T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Origin and general characters of Chordata: Classification of class Amphibia,
Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia
General organization and affinities of Protochordata: Hemichordata, Urochordata,
I Cephalochordata , Retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidian larva
General organization and affinities of Ostracoderms, Cyclostomes and Dipnoi 16
General organization of Fishes, Swim Bladder and their functional significance,
Parental care, Migration

Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, General organization of Anura, Neoteny,

Peculiarities of Urodela, Peculiarities and affinities of Apoda, Adaptive Radiation

II Reptilia: 16
Skull in Reptiles, Origin and evolution, Adaptive radiation, General organization
and affinities of Chelonia, Crocodilia, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia,

Aves
Origin and evolution, Flightless birds, Palate in birds and their importance,
III Modification of beaks, feet in birds, Migration in Birds, Adaptations for flight,
Parental care, Adaptive radiation 14

Mammalia:
Origin of mammals, Adaptive radiation of Mammalia, Structural peculiarities and
IV 14
phylogenetic relations of Prototheria and Metatheria, Uterus modifications,
Aquatic mammals, Stomach in ruminants

Suggested books:
1. The life of vertebrates by Young
2. Vertebrates; their structure and life by W. B. YAPP
3. Vertebrate biology by RT ORR
4. Vertebrate Biology by D. Linzey
5. The Biology of Hemichordata and protochordata by Barrington
6. Textbook of Zoology Vertebrates by Parkar and Haswell
7. An Introduction to The Vertebrates by L A Adams
8. Studies on the structure and development of vertebrates by EDWIN S. GOODRICH
9. Harvey et al: The Vertebrate Life
10. Hildebrand: Analysis of Vertebrate Structure
11. Colbert’s Evolution of the Vertebrates
12. McFarland et al: Vertebrate Life
13. Romer and Parsons: The Vertebrate Body
14. Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution by Kenneth V. Kardong
 Animal Physiology and Biochemistry
Paper Code: B050802T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Physiology of Digestion: Digestion and absorption of proteins, Digestion and
absorption of carbohydrates
Digestion and absorption of lipids, Regulation of digestion and absorption
Physiology of Circulation: Composition of blood, Haemopoiesis, Blood
I Coagulation, Heart, Origin and conduction of cardiac impulse, Cardiac cycle and 15
its regulation
Physiology of Respiration: Respiratory organs and Respiratory pigments, lung air
volumes, transport and exchange of gases, Respiratory centers: organization and
function
Physiology of Muscles: contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle and Smooth
muscle

Physiology of Excretion: Three basic modes of excretion, Urine formation, Counter

current mechanism, Regulation of body fluid and electrolyte, Hormonal regulation
Neurophysiology: Neurons, Axonal transmission, Synaptic transmission, action
II potential, neural control of muscle tone and posture, neurotransmitters 15
Physiology of Endocrine System: Overview of endocrine glands, Mechanism of
action of hormones
Physiology of Thermoregulation: comfort zone, body temperature – physical,
chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization
Physiology of Vision and Hearing
Chemical bonds, biomolecules, pH, Acids and Bases, Buffers, Bioenergetics,
glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, biological energy
III transducers Carbohydrates: Classification, nomenclature and functions, Synthesis
and breakdown of glycogen and glucose 15
Lipids: Structures and types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Lipid
metabolism: Biosynthesis of fatty acids, oxidation of fatty acids (β- oxidation) and
carnitine shuttle Ketogenesis: biosynthesis and utilization of ketone bodies.
Regulation of ketogenesis
Enzymes: Nomenclature, classification, action, Enzyme kinetics, Mechanism of
enzyme action, Coenzymes, Ribozymes, Isoenzymes, DNA enzymes and half-life
IV of enzymes, Enzyme Inhibition: competitive and non-competitive inhibition 15
Proteins: Structures, classification and properties of amino acids, Primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, Biosynthesis of proteins
Secondary Metabolites: Alkaloids, Terpenoids

Suggested books:
Principles of Animal Physiology by Moyes and Schulje 2. Animal physiology by SCHMIDT 3. Eckert
animal physiology mechanisms and adaptations 4. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology 5. Guyton and
Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology 6. Principles of Anatomy & Physiology by Tortora, G.J. &
Grabowski, S. 7. Animal physiology by Hill, Richard W., et al. 8. Human Physiology Volume 1 & 2. By
Chatterjee C C 9. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry 10. Biochemistry Vols 1 & 2 by Voet & Voet
 Reproductive and Developmental Biology
Paper Code: B050803T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Human Reproductive system: Structure and function of male reproductive organs;
Formation of sperm and fertility of individual. Structure and function of female
reproductive organs; Sexual differentiation, Formation of sperm; Formation of ova.
I Physiology of ovulation, menstrual cycle; Nutrition and stress influences on the
ovulatory cycle, Amniocentesis 15
Puberty: control of the onset; stages; delayed and precocious puberty
Process of fertilization; Implantation and formation of the foetus and placenta;
Pregnancy, Labour and birth, lactation and neonatal life; Reproductive Ageing;
Menopause

Evolution of reproductive mechanism and regulation:

Evolution of human reproductive strategy; Evolutionary impact on behaviour; Sexuality
hormonal effects on maternal-infant bonding
II Reproductive Health: Sexual dysfunctions, sexually transmitted diseases; Cancers of 15
the reproductive system; Adenomyosis: gland-like growth into myometrium; Birth
Control; Assisted Reproduction Technologies; Intrauterine devices (IUD),
endometriosis, fibroids, Endometritis: chronic infection of uterus, congenital uterine
anomalies; Ovarian cysts, pelvic varicosities
Basic concepts of development:
Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and
III differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells;
genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants, Organization of HOX 15
gene in vertebrates,
Fertilization, Cleavage, Morula, Blastula and Gastrula, Standard techniques and
methods of experimental embryology: vital dying, extirpation, isolation,
transplantation and grafting

Morphogenesis and organogenesis:

Organizers: characteristics and physiology, axes and pattern formation in
IV Drosophila, amphibia and chick; vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans, eye 15
lens induction, limb development in vertebrates
Metamorphosis: Hormonal control of metamorphosis, metamorphosis and genetics
Malignancy: teratogens, carcinogens, oncogenes, neoplasia

Suggested books:
1.Langman’s Medical Embryology by Thomas W.S. 2. Larsen’s Human Embryology by Gary C.S.; et al. 3.
Developmental Biology by Gilbert, S.F. 3. Encyclopaedia of Reproduction by Ernst Knobil and Jimmy D.
Neill 4. The biology of reproduction by Giuseppe Fusco and Alessandro Minelli 5. Biology of reproduction
by Peter J. Hogarth 6. Essential Developmental Biology by Jonathan M. W. Slack 7. Developmental
biology by Werner A. Müller 8. Principle of development by Wolpert 9. Developmental biology by N. J.
BERRILL 10. Developmental biology by John W. Saunders 11. Principles of developmental biology by
Wilt & Hake 12. Essential developmental biology by J M W Slack
 Apiculture
Paper Code: B050804T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Introduction to Apiculture: History of Apiculture, Systematics, Honey Bee
species, Honey Bee morpho-anatomy, Colony organization, Polymorphism, Caste
system, Division of labour, Honey Bee flora – importance, propagation - congenial
I conditions for starting up of apiculture. Migratory Bee Keeping - designing floral
Calendar, Improved Agricultural practices - crop pollination - Pesticides impact on 15
Honey bees Foraging and Honey flow periods, social behaviour of Honey Bees,
Bee as pollinators: Crop improvement: Quality and yield through honeybee
pollination
Apiculture as an occupation:
Extent of Apiculture in Uttar Pradesh and India, Limitations on the development of
Apiculture, Advantages of extensive Apiculture, Bee keeping equipment -
II introduction to types of bee boxes - BIS standard Tools used in apiculture. Bee 15
breeding multiplication of colonies - Queen reaching technique.
Honey: Production, Properties and application: Production of Honey by honeybee
within its stomach using plant nectar, application in various fields - other valuable
by products of honey bees Honey - its medicinal properties - application in various
fields - other valuable by products of honey bees
Steps in Apiculture:
Purchase of a colony, the Apiary site, how to manage a colony, the manipulation of
III a colony, Honey extraction & handling - Quality control standards - Honey testing
kit Processing of honey, Other Bee products: Bees wax, Pollens, Royal Jelly, 15
Propolis and Bee venom
Control of Honeybee Diseases: Bee enemies and diseases: Introduction, Enemies
of honeybees – Wax Moth, Ants, Wasps, Microbes, Pests; Diagnosis and
identification. Bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan diseases; Mites attacking
honeybees. Establishment of a colony. planned pollination services
Apiculture techniques and Apiary management:
Routine management, Seasonal management, Migratory beekeeping, Harvesting
IV and marketing of Honey bee products. Important Institutions pertinent to 15
Apiculture: National Bee Board, Honey Bee research and Training Institute,
Apiaries. Economics in small scale and large-scale bee keeping. Economic
Value of Commercial Beekeeping. Preparing bankable bee keeping project:
Steps involved in starting a beekeeping project, Funding sources for beekeeping
projects.

Suggested books:
1. 1. Abrol, D. P. Bees and Beekeeping 2. Withhead, S. B. Honey bees and their management 3.
Dharam singh and Singh, D. P. A. Handbook of Beekeeping 4. Mishra R.C. Honey bees and their
management in India 5. Singh, S. Beekeeping in India 6. Gupta, J.K., Sharma, H K and Thakur, R
K. Practical Manual on Beekeeping 7. Bisht D.S., Apiculture 8. David Cramp. The complete step
by step book of Beekeeping 9. Pradip, V. Jabde. Text book of Applied Zoology
 Sericulture
Paper Code: B050805T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
An Introduction to Sericulture
History of sericulture, systematic, Exotic and indigenous races of silkworm,
I Mulberry silk worm, feeding habit of silk worm, life history of various 15
species of silk worm, Tassar silk worm, Eri silk worm, Life cycle of
mulberry silk worm (Bombyx-mori)
Historical Review of Sericulture
Extent of sericulture in the global part in the world Silk Industry in various
II part of India, World silk production World map and silk road, spread of Sericulture to 15
Europe, South Korea, Japan, India and other countries. Sericultural practices in tropical
and temperate climate, Silk production in East Area, Silk production in China
& Japan, Silk production in India and Malaysia
Various Silk research institute and Regional Silk stations
Advances of extensive Sericulture
III Basic requirement of tools for starting Silk Industries.
Getting started in Silk Industry planning before start of sericulture Industry. 15
Tools used for sericulture.
Climatic conditions, soil conditions for plantation, Manuring, fertilizers at
the time of Silk Production, Rearing of Silk Worm, Polyhedrosis of Silk
worm

Sericulture techniques and Sericulture management

IV Marketing of various Silk products, National Sericulture Board (NSB) 15
Sericulture Institute and training institute in India, Economic Importance of
Silk, Status of Sericulture Industry in India, Distribution of Silk Industry in
India, Sericulture Industry and Human welfare, Function of Central Silk
Board and their Co-ordination in various parts of India

Suggested books:
1. Manual on sericulture: Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2. Ullal, S.R. and Narasimhanna, M.N. Handbook of Practical Sericulture
3. Jolly, M. S. Appropriate Sericultural Techniques
4. Handbook of Silkworm Rearing: Agriculture and Technical Manual-1
5. Narasimhanna, M. N. Manual of Silkworm Egg Production
6. Sengupta, K. (1989) A Guide for Bivoltine Sericulture
 Lac culture
Paper Code: B050806T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
An Introduction to Lac Culture:
Historical review of Lac culture
I Various products of lac and their commercial value 15
Extent of Lac culture in the world. Lac Producing places in India
Distribution of Lac in the global area
Biology of silkworm:
Systematic position of lac insect in animal kingdom
II Morphology and Anatomy of lac insect. 15
Difference between male and female lac insects
Life history various species of lac insect i.e., Tachardia-lacca (Laccifer)
Various Host Plants of lac insects, Common host plants of India and other
III countries, names of various Host plants of lac insects, Cultivation of lac,
Inoculation period Type of inoculation, Swarming of lac insects 15

Harvesting of lac, Harvesting period and types of harvesting

IV Lac cultivation and Recent plant of lac cultivation. Lac Industry and 15
processing of lac industry

Properties of Lac.

Physical and chemical composition of Lac, Enemies of lac cultivation, Lac

Industry of India, Economic Importance

Suggested books:
1. Text Book of Applied Zoology by Jabde, P.V.
2. Insects by Mani, M.S.
3. Lac-Culture in India by N Ghorai
4. Lac Cultivation in India by Patrick Moore Glover
 Aquaculture
Paper Code: B050807T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Major cultivable species for aquaculture. A knowledge of inland water bodies
suitable for culture in India
Culture of Indian Major Carps. Exotic carps of freshwater, Hatcheries and their
I management. 15
Culture technology – Fresh Water mullets, crabs, shrimps, mariculture muscles and
oyster.
Water quality requirements for Aquaculture. Role of temperature, PH, Salinity
dissolved oxygen, Ammonia, nitrate Nitrite, Phosphate, BOD, COD. Aquaculture
engineering, house hatchery, ponds, Recirculating system.

Bundh breeding and induced breading of carb by hypohysation and use of

synthetic hormones.
Preparation and management of Indian Major carps, culture prods – nursery,
II rearing and production ponds. 15
Fresh Seed technology, Natural collection and bundh breeding

Culture of Giant fresh water prawn Macrobrachium spp.-seed collection, formation

source, hatchery management.
III Culture of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei
Culture of brackish water fish – Osteobrama belangeri 15
Culture of pearl oysters.
Fresh water and marine aquaria Breeding of aquarium fishes.
Role of genetics in aquaculture Gynogenesis, androgenesis,
Sex reversal and breeding. Production of transgenic fish
IV Fish health – infection and diseases in fish common fish pathogens Culture of sea 15
weeds, major commercial importance seaweed species.
Methods of crab culture.
Culture of ornamental fishes, Culture of airbreathing fishes in India
Culture of molluscs, Environmental impact of aquaculture
Suggested books:
1. Aquaculture Principles and Practices by Pillay.
2. Fish ponds in Farming systems: Zigpp, V.D., Veereth J.A.J. Tri, L.Q., Van Mensvoort, MEF.
boswa, R.H. and Beveridge.
3. Aquaculture and Fisheries by Dunham
4. Hute, M. and Kahn, Textbook of fish culture
5 Introduction to Aquaculture by Matthew Landau
6 Aquaculture By: John E. Bardach
7 Textbook of Fish Culture by Marcel Heut
Practical Syllabus
Semester II
B050808P Practical Max. Marks 100 (25+75)
The duration of the practical examination will be 04 hours. The distribution of marks will be as
follows-
1. Exercises based on Chordata (B050801T) 20
2. Exercises based on Animal physiology and biochemistry (B050802T) 05
3. Exercises based on Reproductive biology & developmental biology (B050803T) 05
4. Exercises based on B050804T/ B050805T/ B050806T/ B050807T 10
5. Identify and comment upon spot 1-10 (10 spots from B050801T) 15
6. Viva-voce 10
7. Practical record 10
Grand Total = 75

Distribution of marks of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):

1. Examination ……………………………………………………………………………………. 15
2. Seminar/Presentation/Assignment/Quizzes…………………………………………………….. 10
Grand Total = 25
 M.Sc. Semester-II
Zoology Practical Examination (ESE) - 20….
Date: Batch: Duration: 4 hrs Max. Marks: 75
Question Paper

Q.No.1. Dissect the animal provided (………………………………………) so as to expose its 10

nervous system/Neck nerves as clearly as possible. Display your dissection suitably.
(Scoliodon/ Wallago/Sting ray/Rat)
Q. No. 2. Make a suitable permanent stained preparation of ……………………………. from the 10
material / animal……………………. provided.
Q. No. 3. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 15
Q. No. 4. Any one exercise based on Animal Physiology and biochemistry 05
Q. No. 5. Any one exercise from Reproductive and Developmental biology 05
Q. No. 6. Any one exercise from Apiculture/Sericulture/Lac culture/Aquaculture 10
Q. No. 7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 10

Spots: (Museum specimens:4 and Slides:6)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9
10.
Detailed Syllabus of Semester -II
B050801T Chordata:
1. Major Dissections-
Scoliodon -Cranial nerves
Wallago - Cranial nerves
Sting ray – Cranial nerves
Rat – Neck nerves
2. Minor Dissections-
Wallago- Weberian ossicles
Scoliodon – Afferent, Efferent, Internal ear, Scroll valve
Amphioxus – Oral hood, Velum, Pharyngeal wall
3. Mounting materials to be provided/take out and mount-
Protochordates- Salpa, Oikopleura, Doliolum
Scoliodon- Ampullae of Lorenzini, Placoid scales
Herdmania – Branchial wall, Neural gland complex, Section of test, Spicules
Cartilage – free-hand sections of frog’s hyoid and suprascapula, stain with Haematoxylin
4. Osteology- Bony fish (Labeo), Amphibia (Frog), Reptilia (Varanus), Aves (Fowl), Mammalia
(Rabbit/Rat), Jaw suspension in vertebrates
5. Histology of various organs-prepared slides
6. Study of Museum specimens and prepared slides of Chordates
B050802T Animal physiology and biochemistry:

Animal physiology-
1. To prepare haemin crystals from blood sample
2. To measure the human blood pressure
3. To estimate the amount of haemoglobin in human blood using Haemoglobinometer
4. To study the phenomenon of Knee-jerk reflex
5. To count the blood cells (RBCs & WBCs) by Haemocytometer
6. To determine the human blood groups
7. To determine the clotting time of human blood

Biochemistry-
1. Identification and/or separation of different amino acids in a mixture by ascending Paper
chromatography
2. Test for amylase
3. Test of Carbohydrates
4. Test for protein
5. Test of lipids
6. Test of acetone
 B050803T Reproductive and developmental biology:
1. Histological sections- Testis, Ovary, Epididymis, accessory glands, Uterus (Proliferative and
secretory stages) -Prepared slides
2. Study of histology of endocrine glands (Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Islets of Langerhans)
3. Study of whole mounts and sections of developmental stages of frog through permanent
4. Slides/Models: Cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula, neurula, tail-bud stage, tadpole (external and
internal gill stages)
5. Study of whole mounts of developmental stages of chick through permanent slides: Primitive streak
(13 and 18 hours), 21, 24, 28, 33, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation

B050804T Apiculture:
1. Specimen study of different castes of honey bee species
2. Collection and identification of different honey bee species Viz. Apis serana indica, A. dorsata. A.
mellifera, A. Florae
3. Life cycle study of honey bees
4. Study of leg modification in workers
5. Temporary mount preparation of mouth parts of honey bees
6. Temporary mount preparation of sting apparatus of honey bees
7. Demonstration of honey testing methods like blot method, burning method and alkali method etc.
8. Study of different bee hives and allied implements used in bee keeping
9. Identification of various enemies of Honey bees
10. Study of different tools used in apiculture
11. Visit to any Apiary for the study of different steps of Bee keeping

B050805T Sericulture:

1. Study of various species of Silkworm and their distribution through chart/specimen in a laboratory
2. Study of life cycle of silkworm in an open field/in a laboratory
3. Observation of feeding habit (Larva) on mulberry leaves in an ideal laboratory condition
4. Prepare a research project on various Silk research institutes and regional silk stations in India
5. Study of various tools and equipment used in Sericulture
6. Study of properties of different types silk produced by different species
7. Visit to any sericulture site for the study of Silk Industry, Silk production and to understand all the
steps of sericulture

B050806T Lac culture:

1. Study of global distribution of Lac insects i.e.; Tachardia lacca through chart/models
2. Study of male and female Lac insects through museum specimen
3. Study of life history of Lac insect
4. Study of Indian host plants of Lac insects and their scientific names through charts
5. Study of the composition and properties of Lac
6. Study of enemies of lac cultivation or abiotic and biotic factors, precautions to be taken for better
cultivation of Lac
7. Visit a place of Lac Industry to understand the cultivation of Lac insects, inoculation, swarming
period and harvesting
B050807T Aquaculture:

1. Preparation and of an aquarium in a laboratory study of aquarium fishes with Zoological and
common names
2. Visit a local pond and collect the edible fresh water fishes and culture in an aquarium
3. Study of types and management of fish culture i.e.; breeding, hatching, nursery, rearing and
stocking ponds in nearby place/with the help of charts/models
4. Estimation of organic matter of bottom soil
5. Visit to local fish seed production centre and local fish farms
6. Collection of pond, river or ditches water for the study of physico-chemical analysis of water
7. Collect a fresh water sample from the local fresh water habitat for the study of microscopic
organisms like protozoans, Daphnia, coelenterates etc. for identification in laboratory
Semester-III
 Ethology, Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation
Paper Code: B050901T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Introduction to Ethology:
Patterns of behaviour: Kinds of behaviour: foraging behaviour, Territorial behaviour.
Mate selection and courtship behaviour. Parental care, defensive behaviour.
I Allelomimetic and maladaptive (abnormal) behaviour. Stereotyped Behaviours 16
(Taxes, kinesis and Reflexes)
History of behavioural studies, Proximate and ultimate causes of behavioural
evolution, Methods and recording of a behavior, Types of stimuli invoking response:
internal and external cues. Biological rhythm
Learning and memory: Conditioning, Habituation, Insight Learning, Associative
and Non-associative Learning, Reasoning, Molecular basis of learning and memory
Perception of the environment – Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, olfactory,
auditory and visual

Communication: modes, evolution, Deceit versus honest, specificity of songs,

adaptive value
Social behaviour and kin selection: Aggregations – schooling in fishes, stocking in
II birds, lending in mammals. Group selection, Hamilton’s rule for kin selection, 15
altruism and inclusive fitness
Reproductive behaviour: Courtship, sexual selection, Intra and intersexual, Pre–
and post–copulatory, Cryptic female choice, Different mating systems
Parental care: origin and evolution, Patterns, Parent–offspring conflict, Sibling conflict
Territorial behaviour: Evolution and Adaptive value, Types of territories
Biodiversity:
concepts and hierarchical levels, Levels of Biodiversity : Species diversity, Genetic
III diversity, Ecosystem diversity, Species richness and evenness, α- biodiversity, β-
biodiversity, - Biodiversity, causes of loss of biodiversity, Conservation of 15
biodiversity, Measures of Species diversity: species richness indices such as
Margalef’s index, Menhinick’s index, Species proportional abundance based
indices: Simpson’s index, Shannon’s index, Biodiversity Hot Spots, Red Data book
and its significance, Biodiversity at Global, National and Local level
Wildlife Conservation: Wild life as a resource, Wild life conservation: In situ and
ex-situ, Protected area: classification (National parks, sanctuaries) and
IV management, Management of endangered species and different animal projects, 14
Conservation strategies: IUCN, Criteria and technology, IBWL; WWF. Wild life
(Protection) Act 1972: Salient Features, Short comings of the Act, Amendments

Suggested books: 1. Animal Behaviour by McFarland, D. 2. Animal Behaviour: An Evolutionary

Approach by Alcock, J. 3. Principles of animal behavior by Dugatkin, L. A 4. Animal behavior by Breed,
M. D., & Moore, J. 5. An Introduction to Animal Behaviour by Aubrey Manning and Marian Stamp Dawkins 6.
The behaviour of animals by Bolhuis, J. J., Giraldeau, L. A 7. Methods and Practice in biodiversity
Conservation by David Hawks worth 8. A Text Book of Biodiversity by K.V. Krishnamurthy 9. Wildlife of
India, V.B. Saharia 10. Wildlife Management Manual by Robert Giles 11. Threatened Birds of India by
Asad A. Rahmani
 Molecular Biology, Immunology and Bioinformatics
Paper Code: B050902T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Chromosomal organization of genes: chromatin structure (nucleosome, solenoid,
super solenoid), DNA Replication (in prokaryotes and eukaryotes), Significance of
anti-parallel arrangement of DNA strands, role of primer, exonuclease activity of
I DNA polymerase III, End replication problem, Fidelity and termination of 15
replication, DNA repair and recombination
Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and RNA polymerases
Post transcription modification- RNA splicing and processing (5’ capping, Poly A
adenylation), mRNA editing, inhibitors of transcription.
Translation (initiation, elongation, termination), control of eukaryotic translation,
Effect of antibiotics on protein synthesis, Post translational modifications, protein
folding, protein sorting.
II Regulation of Gene action in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Operon system: lac, trp, 15
arabinose operons, Intracellular protein degradation, Gene silencing, RNAi
Cancer: Fibrosis, cirrhosis, characteristics of transformed cells, protoncogene, c-
oncogenes, angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumour suppressor gene (p53) and Two-Hit
hypothesis.
Apoptosis: definition, intrinsic and extrinsic pathway.

Innate and acquired immunity. Cells and tissues of the immune system.
Immunoglobulins: Structure, types and functions; Monoclonal antibodies.
III Antibody: affinity, avidity, diversity, Organization & Expression of
Immunoglobulin genes. 15
Primary and Secondary Ab responses. Humoral and Cell Mediated Immune
response, Maturation and differentiation of T-cells and B cells
Structure of MHC molecules and its types
Structure and functions of cytokines and the complement system (classical,
alternative, lectin) Hyper sensitivity and Vaccines
Autoimmunity and Acquired immuno Deficiency disease
Introduction and scope of bioinformatics: concept of digital laboratory. Basics of
information technology, computer, operating systems, network. Concept of internet
IV protocol (TCP/IP), hypertext, home-page, web-page and uniform resource locators 15
(URL). Introduction to data archiving systems (FASTA format, Accession, and GI-
Number). Introduction to data retrieval systems, Search engines, Entrez, sequence
retrieval system (SRS) and protein identification resource (PIR), Sequence
alignments (BLAST and Clustal W) and phylogenetic trees (PHYLIP).
Applications of bioinformatics: Clinical informatics, Cheminformatic resources and
pharmacoinformatics
Suggested books: 1. Frifelder, D. Molecular Biology 2. Molecular biology of the cell by Albert’s et al. 3.
Lewin, B. Genes XII 4. Immunology by Kuby 5. Essential Immunology by J.M. Roitt 6. Immunology by
E. Benjamini, R. Coico and G. Sunshine 7. Introduction to Bioinformatics: A theoretical and practical
Approach by Stephen A. Krawetz, David D. Wombli, 8. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis,
Mount, D. W. 9. Lodish Molecular Cell Biology 10. Watson Molecular Biology of the Gene 11. Molecular
biology by Robert F. Weaver 12. Molecular biology by David P. Clark
 Waste management and sustainable development
Paper Code: B050903T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Waste Management and global Health and its implications in Environmental
sanitation. Significance of Recycling to waste management,
I The Environmental impacts of waste Disposal, Types of waste, management 15
evaluating the global of impact of waste management. The impact of solid
waste on business Environment. impact of waste management on Economic
growth of India. The effectiveness of rural waste management. Recycling of
Electronic (E-waste) in India. The waste management and benefits of
Renewable Energy. The public perception regarding the waste management.

Properties of solid waste: Physical and chemical. Solid waste management:

Sources, segregation, collection, transportation and disposal
Disposal technology: composting (Aerobic, anaerobic and mechanical),
II Incineration, Sanitary land fill. Hazardous Waste management: classification, 15
treatment technologies, Biomedical wastes and their management
Sustainable Development, Biosafety, Environmental movements.
Sustainable development and green technology. Public awareness of
III Environment problems, Role of Government for sustainable development.
Role of NGO’s. Ecological foot print. Organizations, International effects. 15

Concepts of sustainable development, components of sustainable

development, Goals of sustainable development.
IV 15
Example of sustainable development: Solar Energy; wind energy, crop
rotation, sustainable construction.
Elements of sustainable development. Environmental laws and Acts,
national Environmental policy
Convention on biological diversity. Rain Water Harvesting, Ground water
recharge, ECO cities.
Suggested books:
1. Manual on Sewage and Sewage treatment by Ministry of works and Housing, New Delhi
2. Introduction to environmental Engineering and Science by Gilbert, M. M.
3. Environmental Engineering by Kiely, G.
4. Handbook of Environmental Management and technology by Gwendolyn Holmes et.al.
5. Environmental Engineering by Howard, P. et al.
 Agrochemicals and Pest Management
Paper Code: B050904T Total Marks:100
Credits: 04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Concept of pest:
Definition, classification, morphology and internal systems; Plant pests –weeds,
bacteria, fungi, Viruses, nematodes, molluscs, Arthropods, birds, mammals etc.;
I Causes of outbreak of pest, growth and development; Classification based on 15
nature of damage: Public health pests, Agricultural pests, Domestic pests, Animal
husbandry pests, Structural pests
Agrochemicals/ nutrients for increasing the health of plants:
Manures: types, composition and value, sources of manures, Compost- Different
composting technologies-Mechanical compost plants-Vermicomposting-Green
II Manures-Oil cakes, Sewage Sludge-Biogas plant slurry. Chemical fertilizers: 16
Classification and value. N- fertilizers: Manufacturing of Ammonium Sulphate,
Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Nitrate and urea; P- fertilizers: sources,
processing rock phosphate, bones for bone meal preparation; K- fertilizers:
sources, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Sulphate and Potassium Nitrate;
Biofertilizers: Classification and value; viz., Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azolla, Blue
Green Algae, VAM
Agrochemicals for pest management:
Conventional chemicals/ pesticides based on target species: Acaricides, Fungicides,
III Rodenticides, Nematicides, Molluscicides, Fumigants and Repellents; Based on
chemical nature: Organophosphates; Organochlorines, Carbamates etc.; Structure, 14
chemical name, physical and chemical properties; Degradation metabolism, Mode
of action, uses, toxicity; Application of Pesticides, devices used; dose estimation for
field application.
Botanicals and other biopesticides:
Potential pesticidal plants; Plant extracts and Bio-organisms: Azadirachtin and its
IV role in pest control; Other biopesticides: Pyrethrins, Pyrethroids, Rotenone, Nicotine 15
and Nicotinoids. Growth inhibitors or physiological antagonists, chemo-sterilants;
pheromones and attractants; Insect growth regulators, juvenile hormones, moulting
hormones; Chitin synthesis inhibitors. Moulting Inhibitors. BT methodology,
genetically modified and transgenic plants.
Suggested books:
1. Phytochemical Biopesticides by Koul, O. and Dhaliwal, G.S
2. Insect pest management by Dent, D.
3. Fundamentals of Plant Pest Control by Roberts, D.A.
4. Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds by De Bach, P.
5. Entomology and pest management by Pedigo, L.P.
6. Agricultural insect pests of the tropics and their control by Hill, D.S.
7. Agricultural pests of India and south East Asia by Atwal, A. S.
 Entomology
Paper Code: B050905T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Classification of insects up to order and suborders. Introduction to primitive
insects and fossil insects, cause of success of insects. Insect integument: Structure,
composition and functions, Biochemistry of sclerotization, Functional
I morphology: Head: Sutures and area of the cranium, Tentorium, Gnathal appendages 15
(antenna and mouth parts), thorax: Pterothorax, Legs and their modification
Wing types, abdomen and appendages, head segmentation, wing venation. Flight
muscles and its functions, Origin and evolution of insects
Digestive system: Alimentary canal and physiology of digestion.
II Circulatory system: Anatomy, physiology; composition of haemolymph.
Respiratory system: Structure and physiology
Excretory system: Functional architecture 15

Nervous system: Structure and physiology. Neuro endocrine system.

III Sense organs: Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, sound and light
producing organs, visual organs and physiology of vision.
Reproductive system: Structure and physiology 15

Detailed classification of the following orders emphasizing selected super families

and families: Orthoptera, Isoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera,
IV Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. 15
Economic importance of these orders.
Social life in Isoptera and Hymenoptera.
Caste determination in social insects
Suggested books:
1. Chapman RF. The Insects: Structure and Function
2. David BV & Ananthkrishnan TN. General and Applied Entomology
3. Duntson PA. The Insects: Structure, Function and Biodiversity.
4. Evans JW. Outlines of Agricultural Entomology
5. Richards OW & Davies RG. Imm’s General Text Book of Entomology
6. Snodgross RE. Principles of Insect Morphology
 Parasitology
Paper Code: B050906T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Introduction to Parasitology
General introduction; basic definitions and concepts; Animal associations (phoresy,
symbiosis, mutualism, symbiosis, parasitism)
I Types of hosts and parasites; Host specificity; Parasitic adaptations 15
Taxonomy and diversity
Morphological taxonomic characters of major parasite groups, Kinds of taxonomic
literature and databases and their uses, Process of typification and different zoological
types, international code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), Biodiversity of
parasites at global and national level
Ecology, evolution, sampling and processing of parasites
Parasites population dynamics, Dimensions and saturation of niches of parasites
Parasite manipulation of host behaviour
II Host–parasite coevolution, Host–parasite interactions (tissue damage, tissue changes, 15
immunological adaptations of parasitism)
Collection, fixation and preservation of ectoparasites, Collection, fixation and
preservation of endoparasites, Staining protocols
Preparation of temporary and permanent ‘whole mounts’, Histological techniques

Protozoan Parasites of Man and domestic animals:

General account, morphology, life-cycle of:
III Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia
Haemoflagellates: Trypanosoma spp, Leishmania spp. Trichomonas spp. 15
Trematode Parasites of Man and domestic animals:
Monogenea
General morphology, biology, life-cycle of:
Diplozoon , Polystoma
Digenea
General morphology, biology, life-cycle of:
Schistosoma sp Fasciolopsis buski, Paragonimus westermani, Dicrocoelium
dendriticum
Cestode Parasites of Man and domestic animals:
General morphology, biology, life-cycle of:
IV Intestinal tapeworms (Taenia solium, Diphyllobothrium latum, Hymenolepis nana) 15
Nematode Parasites of Man and domestic animals:
General morphology, biology, life-cycle of:
Ancylostoma duodenale, Wuchereria bancrofti, Dracunculus medinensis, Trichinella
spiralis, Onchocerca volvulus
Arthropoda
Arthropods as vectors of human pathogens, Biting dipterans (mosquitoes, tsetse flies)
Non-biting dipterana (common house fly), Fleas, lice, Acarians (ticks and mites)
Suggested books: 1. Foundation of Parasitology by GD Schmidt LS Roberts 2. General Parasitology
by TC Cheng 3. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals by EJL Soulsby 4.
Parasitology: The Biology of animal parasites by ER Noble GA Noble 5. Animal Parasitology by
JD Smyth 6. General Parasitology by Dogiel, V. A 7. The Trematoda by Dawes, B
 Ichthyology
Paper Code: B050907T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Evolutionary Classification (Prepared by Berg and Romer) and its demerits,
classification by modern approach, ostracoderms, placoderms.
Origin and Evolution of elasmobranchs and bony fishes
I 15
Origin and Adaptive Radiation of various groups
Fish fauna in India with special reference to U.P. and Bihar

Identification of fishes, study and preparation of identification key of the fish with
suitable diagram, Fin formula, local and biological names.
Study of differentiating character of pair of fishes with special reference to Fin
II 15
formula with suitable diagram, local and biological names.
Fish decomposition and rigor Mortis

Zoogeography, distribution of fishes; discontinuous distribution

Local fish fauna – food fishes, forage fishes, predatory fishes, insectivorous fishes
III
and wood fishes. Fish preservation and processing
15
Fish genetic resources: Fish Biodiversity, Stock (concept and structuring), Fish
chromosome and karyotyping, Chromosome Banding,
Chromosome Manipulation (Gynogenesis, Androgenesis and Polyploidy)
Migration – Type of migratory fishes, physiological and applied aspects of
migration, migration of Eel, Salmon and Hilsa.
IV 15
Types of food and feeding habits, monophagic, stenophagic and euryphagic fishes.
Diseases in fishes – fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, protozoan and helminths
infections and their control

Suggested books:
1. Freshwater Fishery Biology by Lagler KF, Bardach, JE, Miller, RR, Passino DRM
2. Fish Physiology by Hoar WS, Randall DJ and Donaldson EM
3. Fundamentals of Fish Taxonomy by Jayaram KC
4. An introduction to Ichthyology by Moyle PB.
5. Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries by Paul J.B. Hart and John D. Reynolds
6. Fish and Fisheries of India by Jhingran VG.
7. Ecology and Inland waters and Estuaries by Reid GR.
 Endocrinology
Paper Code: B050908T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Introduction to endocrinology:
History, characteristics and classification of hormones, Evolution of Endocrine
glands, Cytological and histochemical organization of endocrine cells
I General organization of Neuro-endocrine organs: Hypothalamo-hypophyseal 15
system, Hormones from Hypothalamus: Chemistry and Physiological actions
Regulation of hypothalamic hormone secretion
Pituitary gland: development, comparative anatomy and cytology, regulation of
Pituitary hormone secretion, Hormones from Adenohypophysis: Chemistry and
Physiological action, POMC related peptides.
Hormones from Pars intermedia and Pars nervosa: Chemistry and Physiological
action
Pineal Gland, Thyroid and Parathyroid gland:
Biological clock and Pineal gland, Synthesis and regulation of melatonin, regulation
of Pineal gland by SCN and vice-versa, physiological actions of melatonin
II Thyroid Gland: Histology Thyroid hormones- Chemistry, secretion, transport, 15
physiological and metabolic functions, physiological functions of Parathormone
ANF, Leptin and obesity, hormone and calcium homeostasis
Adrenal gland:
Anatomy, histology, adrenal cortex, Corticosteroids: structure, nomenclature and
III function, Renin-Angiotensin System Adrenal medulla: Sympatho-adrenal system,
general adaptation syndrome, catecholamine: structure, nomenclature and function 15
Endocrine Pancreas:
Anatomy and cytology, Insulin: structure, regulation of insulin secretion and
physiological actions, Glucagon: structure and physiological actions, Diabetes
mellitus-types and management
GI Tract Hormones: types, source and functions
Gonadal Hormones: Male and Female Sex corticoids: Structure and functions,
spermatogenesis, oogenesis. Hormonal regulation of reproductive cycle: Estrus
IV cycle, menstrual cycle, ovulation, foetal -placental unit, hormonal control of 15
pregnancy, parturition and lactation
Pathophysiology of Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal glands
Ultimobranchial body, Corpuscles of stannius, Urophysis., Insect hormones and
their functions
Suggested books: 1. Vertebrate Endocrinology by Norris 2. Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology by Bentley
3. Basic & Clinical Endocrinology by Greenspan and Strewler 4. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology: H. M.
Kronenberg, S. Melmed, K. S. Polonsky 5. Neuroendocrinology: Charles B. Nemeroff 6. Essential
Endocrinology: Darville Brook, C.G. & Marshall 7. Endocrinology: Mac E. Hadley, Jon E. Levine
8. General and Comparative Endocrinology: John B. Allard 9. Endocrinology Vol 1and 2 by LESLIE J.
DeGROOT J. LARRY JAMESON 10. Harrison’s endocrinology by J. Larry Jameson
 Environmental biology
Paper Code: B050909T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Definition and scope of ecology in modern perspective. Climatic factors:
Temperature, light, precipitation with special reference to biomes. Climate
diagrams. Animals’ adaptations and performance in response to extreme climatic
I variables (ecto-, endotherms; dark and light adaptations). Water budget; water 15
conservation and regulation in terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Biogeographical zones of India; theory of island biogeography

Structure and function of ecosystem: Abiotic factors affecting survival and

sustenance of organisms e.g., water, temperature, light, pH and salinity. Role of
limiting factors in survival of biotic components. Major ecosystems of the world:
II Ecological features, limiting factors, zonation and classification of organisms of 15
fresh water and marine ecosystems. Introduction to Biome: Ecological features of
Tundra, Desert, Savannah and Tropical Rain Forest Biomes. Energy flow in
ecosystem, food chain and food web. Productivity. Mineralization and recycling of
nutrients: C, N, P & S
Population ecology; Human population growth-
Ecology of populations: Unitary and Modular populations. Unique and group
III attributes of population: Density, natality, mortality, life tables, fecundity tables,
survivorship curves. Unique and group attributes of population: mortality, age ratio, 15
sex ratio, dispersal. Factors regulating population dispersal and growth: Exponential
and logistic growth. Population regulation: density-dependent and independent
factors; r and k strategies.
Environmental degradation; Environmental movement-
Environmental ethics; Pollution: Air, water and noise pollution and their control;
IV Natural resources: Mineral, water and forest, their significance and conservation; 15
Types of biodiversity, Hotspots, benefit and threat of conservation strategies;
Application of ecology in management and Conservation programmes. Role of
gender and cultures in environmental conservation. Environmental movements:
Bishnois. Chipko, Silent valley, big dam movements. Environmental education and
public awareness

Suggested books:
1. Stiling, P. D. Ecology Companion Site: Global Insights and Investigations
2. Kendeigh, F C. Ecology with Special Reference to Animal and Man
3. Southwood, T.R.E. and Henderson, P.A. Ecological Methods
4. Ricklefs, R.E. Ecology
5. Odum, E.P., Fundamentals of Ecology
6. Colinvaux, P. A. Ecology
 Animal Cytogenetics
Paper Code: B050910T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
General characteristics of living beings. Cell theory and Cell cycle - mitosis and
meiosis.
Cell Membrane – modifications and physiology, chemical composition and
I 15
structure; permeability and transport; plasma membrane specializations (microvilli,
cilia, glycocalyx, junctions).

Protoplasm -Chemical and physical nature.

Cell organelles Ultrastructure, chemical composition, function and significance:

Nucleus, and all organelles including lysosomes, centrosome and plasmids.
II Cilia, flagella, basal bodies and Parthenogenesis. 15

Cytoskeleton and cell motility.

Cell metabolism - Energy metabolism and biosynthesis of carbohydrates, proteins;

lipids, nucleic acids, and their catabolism
Chromosomes - Giant chromosomes, Isochromosomes, heterochromatin,
euchromatin, chromosome proteins, arrangement of chromatin in chromosomes,
III Nomenclature of mammalian chromosomes; Banding and karyotypes
15
Chromosomal aberrations- Deletion, duplication, translocation and numerical
aberration.

Sex determination - Primary and secondary sex characters; sex chromosome

structure and mechanisms of sex determination, sex chromatin and Y body

DNA replication, transcription and translation of genetic information.

IV Transformations of matter and energy demand: catabolism, anabolism, metabolism, 15

Autotrophy, heterotrophy, metabolic pathways and chemical energy.

Basic techniques for morphological analysis of cells and tissues; tools and sample
preparation for microscopic and sub microscopic analysis
Suggested books:
1. Cell Biology by Gerald Carp
2. The Cell by Cooper and Hausman
3. Molecular Biology of Cell by Lodish
4. Cell and Molecular Biology by De Robertes
5. Molecular Cell Biology by Alberts
6. Culture of Animal Cells by Freshney
7. Gene XI by Lewin B.
8. Genetics by Benjamin A. Pierce
Practical Syllabus
Semester III
B050911P Practical Max. Marks 100 (25+75)

The duration of the practical examination will be 04 hours. The distribution of marks will be as
follows-
Section A:
1. Exercises based on B050901T 10
2. Exercises based on B050902T 10
3. Exercises based on B050903T/ B050904T 10
Section B: (Specialization)
Exercises based on B050905T/ B050906T/ B050907T / B050908T/ B050909T/ B050910T 45
Grand Total = 75

Distribution of marks of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):

1. Examination ……………………………………………………………………………………. 15
2. Seminar/Presentation/Assignment/Quizzes…………………………………………………….. 10
Grand Total = 25
 M.Sc. Semester-III
Zoology Practical Examination (ESE)- 20….
Date: Batch: Duration: 4 hrs Max. Marks: 75
Question Paper
Section -A
Q.No.1. Any one exercise based on Ethology or Biodiversity 10
Q. No. 2. Any one exercise based on Molecular biology/Immunology 10
Q. No. 3. Any one exercise based on waste management and sustainable development/ 10
Agrochemicals and Pest Management
Section-B (Entomology)
Q. No. 4. Dissect the animal provided (………………………………………) so as to expose its 10
nervous system/digestive system/reproductive system as clearly as possible. Display your
dissection suitably. (Cockroach/ Gryllotalpa/ Grasshopper/ Apis/ Vespa)
Q. No. 5. Comment upon Insecticide Application Equipment given 05
Q. No. 6. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 15
Q. No. 7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 05

Section-B (Parasitology)
Q. No. 4. Make a suitable permanent stained preparation of any Protozoan provided. Identify it 05
Q. No. 5. Make a suitable permanent stained preparation of any Cestode provided. Identify it 05
Q. No. 6. Make a suitable permanent stained preparation of any Trematode provided. Identify it 05
Q. No. 7. Make a suitable temporary glycerine preparation of any Nematode provided. Identify it 05
Q. No. 8. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 10
Q. No. 9. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.10. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 05
Section-B (Ichthyology)
Q. No. 4. Dissect the animal provided (………………………………) so as to expose its 08
Cranial nerves/pituitary gland as clearly as possible. Display your dissection suitably.
(Mystus/Dasyatis/Labeo/Torpedo)
Q. No. 5. Make a suitable permanent stained preparation of …………………………….from the 04
material / animal……………………. provided
Q. No. 6. Identify and comment upon the specimen A (Local fish) specimen B (Estuarine/ Marine Fish) 04
Q. No. 7. Any one exercise from Physiological and Biological experiments 04
Q. No. 8. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 10
Q. No. 9. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.10. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 05

Section-B (Endocrinology)
Q. No. 4. Dissect the animal provided (………………………………) so as to expose its 10
Any one endocrine gland as clearly as possible. Display your dissection suitably.
Q. No. 5. Make a suitable permanent stained preparation of ……………………………. from the 05
material / animal……………………. provided
Q. No. 6. Any one exercise based on Immunohistochemistry/Scatchard analysis/RIA 05
Q. No. 7. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 10
Q. No. 8. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.9. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 05

Section-B (Environmental Biology)

Q. No. 4. Estimation of Soil/water quality (Chemical) 10
Q. No. 5. Estimation of Plankton number in a given sample (Qualitative and Quantitative) 10
Q. No. 6. Any one exercise based on determination of frequency of individual species 10
Q. No.7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 05
Section-B (Animal Cytogenetics)
Q. No. 4. Make a suitable stained preparation of Polytene chromosomes from the animal provided 05
Q. No. 5. Make a suitable stained (Methyl Green pyronin Y) preparation of nucleolus/Chromatin 05
Q. No. 6. Make a suitable stained preparation of mitochondria using Janus green 05
Q. No. 7. Make a suitable preparation of stages of Meiosis using squash technique 05
Q. No. 8. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 10
Q. No. 9. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.10. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 05
Detailed Syllabus of Semester III
B050901T Ethology, Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation
1. To study phototaxis in Pheretima and house fly
2. To study geotaxis behaviour in earthworm
3. To study olfactory behaviour in house fly
4. To construct an ethogram
5. Nests and nesting habits of the birds and social insects
6. To measure the species diversity through species richness indices
7. Identification and study of common insects, fish, birds, mammals of a particular area
8. Sampling methods (including diversity assessment) for invertebrates (Insects, snails) and vertebrates
(birds)
9. Visit to Forest/ Wild life Sanctuary/Biodiversity Park/Zoological Park to study behavioural activities of
animals and prepare a short report

B050902T Molecular Biology, Immunology and Bioinformatics

1. Preparation of ball and stick model for B-DNA molecule (A=T and G=C base pairs)
2. Isolation of genomic DNA by ethanol precipitation method
3. Identification of various stages of meiosis in the testes of grasshopper
4. Study and interpretation of electron micrographs/ photograph showing
(a) DNA replication (b) Transcription (c) Split genes
5. Detection of polytene chromosome in salivary gland cells of the larvae of the Chironomus
6. To stain mitochondria in human cheek epithelial cells using Janus green
7. Histological study of spleen, thymus and lymph nodes through slides/photographs
8. Principles, experimental set up and applications of immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA, RIA, FACS

B050903T Waste management and sustainable development

1. Prepare a model/chart showing the importance of rain water harvesting

2. Diagrammatic presentation of recycling of plastic in an ideal condition through a chart/model
3. Visit to a solar plant to learn their working
4. Visit to a wind mill at village area to learn and make project about wind energy
5. To collect the underground water from various surrounding sites and test the physico-chemical
properties for the domestic and agricultural use
6. To study acidity and alkalinity of sample water by methyl orange and phenolphthalein
7. To determine Cl, SO4, NO3 in soil and water samples from different locations
8. Study of solid waste management through charts

B050904T Agrochemicals and Pest management

1. Identification of common natural enemies of crop pests (Parasitoids, predators, microbes)
2. Study the damage caused by the commonly occurring insect pests – Infected plant/plant parts
3. Sampling of fertilizers and pesticides
4. Quick tests for identification of common fertilizers, Identification of anion and cation in fertilizer
5. To study and identify various formulations of insecticide available in the market
B050905T Entomology:
(A) Major Dissection:
Digestive system, Nervous system, reproductive system of following insects-
1. Cockroach
2. Gryllotalpa
3. Grasshopper
4. Apis
5. Vespa
(B) Minor Dissection:
1. Tentorium, Tympanum and spiracles of Grasshopper
2. Gizzard, Endocrine system, Heart and blood vessels of Cockroach
3. Cardiac glands of Gryllotalpa
4. Aristate antenna and Haltere of Musca
5. Sting apparatus of Apis and Polistes
(C) Study of Museum specimens and prepared slides of important Insects (Selected from the Orders of
insects as per theory course for the purpose of identification)
(D) Exercises on growth and development of insects using following biostatistical calculations; Chi-
square test, Growth index, Dyar’s law, Howe’s index values, critical differences, standard
deviation, standard error, Transformed and Angular values.
(E) Study of histological preparations of Grasshopper viscera exposed to easily available
insecticides/Pesticides
(F) Study of Insecticide Application Equipment’s:
1. Fumigators 2. Sprayers 3. Dusters
(G) Collection and identification of Insects:
1. Pests 2. Parasitoids 3. Predators 4. Other beneficial Insects 5. Insect of Taxonomic
importance

B050906T Parasitology:
1. Study of methods of collection and preservation of Parasites (Protozoans, Helminths and
Arthropods)
2. To collect and preserve parasites from different invertebrate/vertebrate hosts in Lab
3. Study of prepared slides of protozoan parasites, Helminths and Arthropod Parasites
4. Permanent stained preparation and identification of Protozoans
(Rectal ciliates, Monocystis, Blood film for Plasmodium, Leishmania, Trypanosoma,
Herpetomonas)
5. Permanent stained preparation and identification of Cestodes
(Raillietina, Cotugnia, Stilesia, Moniezia, Avitellina)
6. Permanent stained preparation and identification of Trematodes
(Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Gastrothylax, Gastrodiscoides, Paramphistomum, Redia larva, Cercaria
larva)
7. Temporary glycerine preparation and identification of Nematodes
(Ancylostoma, Ascaridia, Trichuris trichura, Bunostomum, Oesophagostomum, Enterobius)
8. Permanent preparation and identification of arthropod parasites
(Pediculus, Haematopinus, Cimex, larval forms, Ticks, Mites)
9. Detection of presence or absence of cholesterol in the solution provided
B050907T Ichthyology:
1. Major Dissection:
Mystus – Cranial nerves
Dasyatis – Cranial nerves
Labeo – Cranial nerves
Torpedo – Cranial nerves
Exposure of Pituitary from a fresh water fish
2. Minor Dissection:
Accessory respiratory organs of Heteropneustes, Channa and Anabas
Eye and eye muscles
Weberian ossicles of fresh water fish
3. Permanent Preparations:
Ampullae of Lorenzini of Dasyatis
Different types of scales
T.S. of spine of Dasyatis
Weberian ossicles of Labeo
Blood film
Nerve fibre
Hand section of Olfactory organs
4. Study of various methods of fishing (Nets and Gears) through charts/Photographs
5. Taxonomic identification:
(a) Collection, preservation and identification (up to species level) of Local Ichthyo fauna
(b) Study of Important Estuarine and Marine fishes from museum specimen
6. Study of prepared slides of fishes (Histology)
7. Study of endoskeleton of a bony fish (Disarticulated bones)
8. Physiological and Biological experiments:
(a) Comparative study of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the sample of tap water and pond
water
(b) Comparative study of alkalinity of the sample of pond water and river water
(c) Estimation of Hardness, Chloride, Planktons in the sample of water provided
(d) To determine the relationship between body length and body weight (g) of the given
sample of fish

B050908T Endocrinology
1. Dissection of a suitable vertebrate to show Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas and Gonads
2. Surgical procedures of Orchidectomy, Bilateral ovariectomy, Thyroidectomy and adrenalectomy in
Rat
3. Study of histological slides of endocrine glands from fish to mammals
4. Preparation of microtomic permanent slides of endocrine glands from fish to mammals (at least 20)
5. Study of Parabiosis in Rat
6. Study of Radio Immuno Assay and Scatchard analysis
7. Study of Immunohistochemistry to visualize the expression pattern of hormone or receptor
B050909T Environmental Biology
1. Determination of minimum size of Quadrate (Species area curve)
2. Determination of minimum number of quadrates
3. Study of life tables and plotting of survivorship curves of different types from the hypothetical data
4. Determination of frequency of individual species: Line transect method, point frame method
5. Study of an aquatic ecosystem: Phytoplankton and zooplankton, Measurement of area, temperature,
turbidity/penetration of light, determination of pH, and Dissolved Oxygen content (Winkler’s method),
Chemical Oxygen Demand and free CO2
6. Study of biomass of producers in the field
7. Study of physical and chemical characteristics of soil
8. Study of different ecosystems to construct ecological pyramids
9. Exercises on population, toxicology and genetics on the basis of provided data
10. Observations and studies on planning and management of Zoological Garden, Wild life sanctuaries
and national parks for the conservation of animals

B050910T Animal Cytogenetics

1. Study of somatic chromosomes preparation from bone marrow of rat
2. Demonstration of preparation of polytene chromosomes from salivary glands of Drosophila
melanogaster larva OR larva of Chironomus
3. Staining of nucleolus (RNA) and chromatin (DNA) with methyl green-pyronin Y
4. Stained preparation of the mitochondria in striated muscle cells/cheek epithelial cells using Janus green
5. Use of colchicine in arresting anaphase movement (onion root tips)
6. Preparation of chromosome squashes from grasshopper testes/Rat testis for the observation of
stages of meiosis
7. Preparation of permanent slide to show the presence of Sex chromatin in female rat
8. Study of prepared slides and photomicrographs showing ultrastructure of cell and cell organelles of
prokaryotes and animal eukaryotic cells
9. Study of lethal hereditary syndromes in man with the help of chart
10. Familiarization with techniques of handling Drosophila, identifying males and females; observing wild type
and mutant (white eye, wing less) flies, and setting up cultures
Semester-IV
 Ecology and Toxicology
Paper Code: B051001T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Ecology: its relevance to human welfare, sub divisions and scope. The
environment: physical environment, biotic environment. Biotic and abiotic
interaction.
I 15
Climate, soil and vegetation patterns and organizations: Life zones, major
biomes, Vegetation, Soil types, concept of community, Ecological
Succession
Ecosystems organization structure and functions, primary production,
energy dynamics, litter fall and decompositions, Global BGC Cycles,
mineral cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Concept of Habitat and
Niche
Biological Interactions: Predation: Predator-Prey interaction, Host parasite
interaction, Types and theories of competition, commensalism and mutualism,
Plant- Pollinator and animal-animal interactions
II Environmental pollution: types, Sources effects on plant and animal ecosystems 15
Greenhouse gases, Ozone layer and ozone hole, consequences of climatic changes.
Ecological management: concepts, sustainable development, sustainability
indicators, degraded ecosystems and their regeneration with special reference to
waste lands, forests and aquatic ecosystems
Definition, history, scope & sub-divisions of toxicology.
Dose-effect and dose-response relationship- acute toxicity, chronic toxicity
III reversible & irreversible effects.
Classification of toxic agents, natural toxins, animal toxins, plant toxins, food 15
toxins, genetic poisons and chemical toxins.
Factors affecting toxicity – species and strain, age, sex, nutritional status,
hormones, environmental factors, Toxicity Tests: Acute toxicity tests for terrestrial
and aquatic animals, Chronic toxicity tests, Concept of maximum acceptable
toxicant concentration (MATC) and safe concentration

Absorption and distribution of toxicants-portals of entry-skin, gastro intestinal

tract, gills and respiratory system.
IV Bio-distribution, biomagnification biotransformation of xenobiotics- brief 15
introduction to Phase-I and Phase-II reactions. Safety evaluation of xenobiotics
Antidotal therapy
Reactions of toxins with target molecules- Covalent binding, non-covalent
binding, Hydrogen abstraction, Electron transfer, Enzymatic reactions
Elimination of toxicants-renal, hepatic, DMES, pulmonary systems, milk, egg and
foetus
Suggested books:
1. Odum, E. P. Basic Ecology 2. Stiling, P. Ecology: Theories and Applications. 3. Begon, M.: Harper, J.
L. & Townshend. C. R. Ecology 4. Kormondy, E. J. Concepts of Ecology 5. Ecological Modeling. Grant,
W.E. and Swannack 6. Derelanko & Auletta. Handbook of Toxicology 7. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology:
The Science of Poisons
 Public health and Hygiene
Paper Code: B051002T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Maintenance of personal hygiene:
Introduction to public health and hygiene- determinants and factors. Pollution and
health hazards; water and air borne diseases. Radiation hazards: Mobile Cell tower
I and electronic gadgets (recommended levels, effects and precaution). Role of 15
health education in environment improvement and prevention of diseases. Personal
hygiene, oral hygiene and sex hygiene.
Nutrient deficiency diseases:
Classification of food into micro and macro nutrients. Balanced diet, dietary plan
for an infant, normal adult, pregnant woman and old person. Importance of dietary
II fibres. Significance of breast feeding. Malnutrition anomalies – Anaemia (Iron and 15
B12deficiency), Kwashiorkar, Marasmus, Rickets, Goiter (cause, symptoms,
precaution and cure). Substitution of diet with required nutrients to prevent
malnutrition disorders
Non-communicable diseases and cure:
Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease,
III myocardial infarction. Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis-cause,
symptom, precautions. Diabetes- types and their effect on human health. 15
Gastrointestinal disorders- acidity, peptic ulcer, constipation, piles (cause,
symptoms, precaution and remedy) etc. Obesity (Definition and consequences).
Mental illness (depression and anxiety). Oral and lung cancer and their preventive
measures.
Communicable and contagious diseases:
Infectious agents responsible for diseases in humans. Communicable viral diseases-
IV measles, chicken pox, poliomyelitis, swine flu, dengue, chickunguniya, rabies, 15
leprosy and hepatitis. Communicable bacterial diseases- tuberculosis, typhoid,
cholera, tetanus, plague, whooping cough, diphtheria, leprosy. sexually transmitted
diseases- AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhoea. Health education and preventive measures
for communicable diseases

Suggested books:
1. Gibney, M.J. Public Health Nutrition.
2. Wong, K.V. Nutrition, Health and Disease.
3.Mary Jane Schneider. Introduction to Public Health.
4. Muthu, V.K. A Short Book of Public Health.
5. Detels, R. Oxford Textbook of Public Health
 Human nutrition and therapeutics
Paper Code: B051003T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Basic concept of Food: Components and nutrients. Concept of balanced diet,
nutrient requirements and dietary pattern for different groups viz., adults, pregnant
and nursing mothers, infants, school children, adolescents and elderly people.
I Nutritional Biochemistry: Macronutrients. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins- 15
Definition, Classification, their dietary source and role. Micronutrients. Vitamins-
Water-soluble and Fat-soluble vitamins- their sources and importance. Important
minerals viz., Iron, Calcium, Phosphorus, Iodine, Selenium and Zinc: their
biological functions
Common nutritional deficiency diseases: Protein Malnutrition (e.g.,
Kwashiorkor and Marasmus), Vitamin A deficiency, Iron deficiency and Iodine
deficiency disorders- their symptoms, treatment, prevention and government
II initiatives, if any. Life style dependent diseases- hypertension, diabetes mellitus, 15
and obesity- their causes and prevention. Social health problems- smoking,
alcoholism, narcotics.
Food hygiene: Potable water- sources and methods of purification at domestic level.
Food and Water-borne infections: Bacterial diseases: cholera, dysentery; typhoid
III fever, viral diseases: Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis etc., Protozoan diseases: amoebiasis,
giardiasis; Parasitic diseases: taeniasis and ascariasis their transmission, causative 15
agent, sources of infection, symptoms and prevention. Causes of food spoilage and
its prevention.
Therapeutic Nutrition: Therapeutic adoption of normal diets (normal, soft & fluid
diets) factors to be considered in planning therapeutic diets, drugs & diet inter-
IV action, special feeding methods, pre& post operative diets, role of dietician, 15
dietary calculation using food exchange lists, high & low-calorie diet, high protein,
high fat, & low carbohydrate diets
Therapeutic Diets: Etiology, physiological disturbances, biochemical & clinical
manifestations & dietary management of: Fever & infection, Allergy & skin
disturbances, Hepatitis, cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus, cardio vascular disorder.
Hyper-lipidemia & Atherosclerosis, Heart disease, hypertension, Coma, Trauma
Suggested books:
1. Gopalan, C., Ramasastri, B.S. & Balasubramanian, S.C. Nutritive value of Indian foods.
2. Ghosh, S. The feeding care of infants and young children
3. Swaminathan, M. Handbook of food and nutrition.
4. Swaminathan, M. Essentials of food and nutrition. Vol I & II
 Microbiology
Paper Code: B051004T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Microbiology: A brief account of pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Brief history of microbiology- germ theory of disease, discovery of penicillin.
Diversity of microbes- viruses and bacteria. Host pathogen interaction: invasion,
I antigenic heterogeneity, toxins and enzymes secretions. Kinetics of bacterial 15
growth and staining techniques.
Diseases caused by Microbes:
Viral diseases: polio, rabies, hepatitis, influenza, dengue, AIDS, chicken pox,
swine flu, chikungunya with emphasis on their causative agents, pathogenesis,
II diagnosis, prophylaxis and chemotherapy. Bacterial diseases caused by Bacillus 15
anthracis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi,
Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Vibrio
cholerae. Fungal diseases: Ringworm infection, aspergillosis, candidiasis.

Microbes in air and water

Aero microbiology: Intramural and extramural aero-microbiology, Aerosols and
III Bioaerosols: Sources and launching, Diversity and Survival of microbes in air,
control, Aeroallergens, Pollen allergy, Hypersensitivity, effect of climate change on 15
pollen and spore discharge. Aquatic microbiology: aquatic environment; fresh,
brackish and marine waters and their microbiology, hydrothermal vents, hot spring,
Arctic and Antarctic environment
Nutrient recycling and manuring:
Biogeochemical cycling: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur; Importance.
IV Biofertilizers: Definition, types, mass cultivation, inoculums preparation, quality 15
control, significance and applications. Vermicomposting

Suggested books:
1. Pepper, I.; Gerba, C. and Gentry, T. Environmental Microbiology
2. Jawetz, M. and Adelberg. Medical Microbiology
3. Brock Biology of Microorganisms by Michael T. Madigan
4. Microbiology: An Introduction by Tortora et al.
5. Microbiology: Laboratory Theory & Application by M. Leboffe
 Biotechnology
Paper Code: B051005T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Animal and Medical Biotechnology:
Introduction and scope of Animal Biotechnology, Transgenic and knockout
animals and their importance.
I Genome editing- CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN and ZFN. Nano-medicine, artificial 15
blood, Vaccines and therapeutics, Monoclonal antibodies, Gene therapy
Stem cells and Regenerative Medicines:
Embryonic stem adult and Cancer stem cells. Stem cells and renewal in epithelial
tissues, fibroblast and their reformation. Genesis and regeneration of skeletal
II muscle, blood vessels, lymphatics and endothelial cells. Regeneration and repair, 15
cell reprogramming and pluripotent stem cells.

Recombinant DNA, Genomics, DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis:

rDNA technology and its applications, Brief account of restriction endonucleases:
III types and classification. Cloning vectors, Difference in cDNA and genomic
library, C-value paradox. 15
Some examples of the useful recombinant proteins: Insulin, Streptokinase,
enzymes, antibodies, vaccines, Labelling of nucleic acids, DNA fingerprinting.

Aquatic Biotechnology, Biotechnological regulations and Bioethics:

Introduction. Transgenic fish-from Glofish to Giant Trout, Transgenic Salmon,
IV Zebra fish, GFPs, Antifreeze proteins, Drugs and medicines from marine sources 15
FDA guidelines-phase testing. Introduction to patents. CPCSEA Regulations,
Bioethical issues.

Suggested books:
1. Primrose, S.B. and Twyman, R. Principles of Gene manipulation and Genomics
2. Nicholl, D.S.T. An introduction to Genetic Engineering
3. Watson, J.D. Recombinant DNA
4. Brown, T.A. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction
5. Introduction to Biotechnology by Theinman & Palladino
6. Biotechnology for Beginners by Reinhard Renneberg
7. Biotechnology by Elleyn Daugherty
 Applied Entomology
Paper Code: B051006T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Effects of physical factors: population dynamics, Intraspecific and interspecific
relations: host plant insect – interactions, Biochemical adaptation to environmental
stress. Pheromonal control of fertility in insects.
I Embryology: Embryonic and post embryonic development: diapause, types of 15
larvae, pupae and metamorphosis. Role of endocrine glands in growth and
development, viviparity and parthenogenesis

General idea of damage caused by pests. Principle methods of pest control.

Insecticides: Types, mode of action and methods of application. General idea of
appliances used in the insecticide treatment and their safe handling
II A general account of chemosterilants, attractants, repellents, pheromones, growth 15
regulators and such other compounds. Development of resistance to pesticides
Insecticide synergists and antagonists

Life history, damage caused and control of three major pests of each of the following
crops: Wheat, paddy, maize, jowar, millet, sugarcane, cotton, mustard and soyabean.
III Stored grain and milled product pests: Sitophilus, Rhyzopertha, Tribolium ,
Trogoderma , Oryzaephilus . An elementary idea of storage Pests of veterinary and 15
medical importance. preliminary idea of insect borne diseases. Life cycle of aphid
and locust and their control.

A general idea of plant protection organizations in India; forensic entomology with

special reference to human and wild life. Beneficial insects: Silk worm, honey bee,
IV lac insect; their economic importance and industries related to them. Role of 15
genetics in insect vector control. An elementary idea of IPM

Suggested books:
7. Chapman RF. The Insects: Structure and Function
8. David BV & Ananthkrishnan TN. General and Applied Entomology
9. Duntson PA. The Insects: Structure, Function and Biodiversity.
10. Evans JW. Outlines of Agricultural Entomology
11. Richards OW & Davies RG. Imm’s General Text Book of Entomology
12. Snodgross RE. Principles of Insect Morphology
 Clinical Parasitology
Paper Code: B051007T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and control of following diseases:
(i) Amoebiasis, Trpanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, Malaria, Trichomoniasis,
Giardiasis
I (ii) Schistosomiasis, Faciolopsiasis, Dicrocoeliasis, Paragonimiasis 15

Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and control of following diseases:

(i) Taeniasis, Diphyllobothriasis, Hymenolepsiasis, Human hydatidosis,
Human cysticercosis
II Hook worm disease, Filariasis, Dracunculiasis, Trichinosis, Onchocerciasis 15

Immuno-parasitology:
Immunology in relation to Parasitism, Immunity and parasitic populations,
III immunomodulation by parasites, Immunodiagnosis, Intradermal test and their
significance, Immunopathology in parasitic infection 15
Parasitism and Vaccination
Vaccines against protozoan and helminth parasites
Physiology and biochemistry of Parasites:
Physiological basis of Parasitism
IV Absorptive, secretory and excretory features of tegument 15
Physiology of digestion, excretion and respiration
Metabolism of protein, lipid and carbohydrate
In Vitro cultivation of Parasites (Trematodes, Cestodes and Nematodes)
Physiology of egg–shell formation
Suggested books:
1. Clinical Parasitology by Craig, C. F., and Faust, E. C.
2. Parasitic Diseases by Katz, M., Despommier, D.D., and Gwadz, R.
3. The Physiology of Nematodes by Lee, D. L.
4. The Physiology of Cestodes by Smyth, J. D. & Macmanus
5. H u n t e r ' s Tropical Medicine by Strickland, G. T.
6. Biochemistry of Parasites by von Brand, T.
7. A text book of clinical parasitology by Belding
8. Physiology of Trematodes by Smyth & Halton
9. Immunology of Parasitic Infections by Cohen & Warren
10. Immunity to parasite By Derek Wakelin
11. Clinical parasitology by Beaver PC, Jung, RC, Cupp, EW
12. Medical Parasitology by Markell EK, Voge M, John, DT
13. Molecular Parasitology by JE Hyde
14. Manson’s Tropical diseases
15. Basic clinical parasitology by Franklin A. Neva & Brown
16. Clinical Parasitology by Zeibig
 Applied Ichthyology
Paper Code: B051008T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Fisheries of India; study of marine, freshwater, estuarine and cold-water fisheries.
Riverine fisheries with special reference of north India and their fisheries.
Prawn Fisheries – fishing method, culture methods, pollution in prawn fisheries
I 15
in India.
Pond culture: types of fish farming, planning and construction of fish farm,
physiological and biological characteristics of fish farms; and their maintenance
and improvement.

Fishing Method: Seawater fishing method (Crafts of east and west coast, tackles,
electric fishing, light fishing and by eco-sounders), inland waters fishing (Crafts
and tackles)
II 15
Principal cultivable fishes: Indigenous and exotic species, procurement of seed,
collection, identification and transport of seed.
Tagging of fishes
Fish marketing and their transport

Induced Breeding: stripping, hypophysation technique, bund fisheries, indoor

hatcheries and hapa technique.
III Fish products like oil, fish sauce, fish glue, etc.
15
Relationship between age, growth, length and weight

Development – Gastrulation, neurulation, organ formation, larval development and

metamorphosis.
IV 15
Seasonality, prolific breeders; oviparity and viviparity, fecundity.
Endocrinal regulation, embryogenesis of any carp fish, parental care in fishes

Suggested books:
8. Freshwater Fishery Biology by Lagler KF, Bardach, JE, Miller, RR, Passino DRM
9. Fish Physiology by Hoar WS, Randall DJ and Donaldson EM
10. Fundamentals of Fish Taxonomy by Jayaram KC
11. An introduction to Ichthyology by Moyle PB.
12. Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries by Paul J.B. Hart and John D. Reynolds
13. Fish and Fisheries of India by Jhingran VG.
14. Ecology and Inland waters and Estuaries by Reid GR
 Molecular Endocrinology
Paper Code: B051009T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Chemical nature and properties of hormones
Purification and characterization of hormones- RIA, ELISA, HPLC, Immunoassay,
Immunocytochemistry, assay methodologies, Analysis of gene expression in
I endocrine system, animal model of endocrine research 15
Modern endocrine technologies:
RNA extraction, RT-PCR, Hormone Localization-Northern blot, ISH
General class of hormones: Peptide, steroid, amines, neurohormones, Pheromones,
Chalones etc.
Biosynthesis of peptide hormones: production of Insulin and GH hormones by r-
II DNA technology. Biosynthesis of catecholamines, Chemistry and synthesis of 15
Steroid hormones, steroid hormone metabolism, biosynthesis of thyroid hormones
General mechanism of hormone action: Receptor and types, cytosolic receptor,
surface receptor, nuclear receptor
III Signal transduction, second messenger, G protein, phosphorylated proteins as
physiological effectors 15
Multiple membrane messengers- PIP3, DAG, protein kinase C. Mode of action of
Steroid and Thyroid hormone, Receptor regulation, Termination of hormone action
Hormone and behaviour- Hormone disruptors chemicals, cellular and molecular
action of semiochemicals, pharmacokinetics of Hormones. Eicosinoid: Structure,
IV synthesis and actions. Hormones as therapeutics agents, 15
recombinant protein hormones: production and their application
design and production of hormonal contraceptives, Current development in hormone
research
Suggested books:
1. Vertebrate Endocrinology by Norris
2. Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology by Bentley
3. Basic & Clinical Endocrinology by Greenspan and Strewler
4. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology: H. M. Kronenberg, S. Melmed, K. S. Polonsky and P. R. Larsen
5. Neuroendocrinology: Charles B. Nemeroff
6. Essential Endocrinology: Darville Brook, C.G. & Marshall
7. Endocrinology: Mac E. Hadley, Jon E. Levine
8. General and Comparative Endocrinology: John B. Allard
9. Endocrinology Vol 1and 2 by LESLIE J. De GROOT J. LARRY JAMESON
10. Harrison’s endocrinology by J. Larry Jameson
 Applied Environmental Biology
Paper Code: B051010T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Environmental aspects of Human population demography, growth factors
regulating human population. The impacts on environmental imbalance.
I Environment and development in India, Challenges and Efforts, Land 15
degradation, Water management, urbanization and Industrialization. Global
Warming and Climate change, Urban Water management: Sources, Water
quality, Solid particles, Content and their types criteria standards, Sewage
and Waste water treatment and disposal. Degradation of Natural Resources
and the environmental problems.

Natural Resources and Degradation of Natural Resources, Deforestation and

its impact on various forestry’s Fauna and flora of India. Soil Resource,
II Land use in India, Types of Soil in India and soil degradation. Integrated 15
Land use, planning and integrated land. Land degradation. Limitation of
Water resource. National waste land Development Board, Role of voluntary
Agencies and Non-Government Organization (NGO’s) for conservation.
Forest Resources. Forest Survey of Indian, Conservation and agroforestry in
India. National conversation strategy (NCS) world conservation strategy
(WCS).

Climatic and Topographic Factors, Edaphic (Soil) and Biotic factor, Basic
III concepts of populations, Populations Characteristics and population
dynamics. Ecological succession. Structure and function of Ecosystem. 15
Wild life of India and it’s conservation (Brief) Environmental pollutants.
Various Source of pollutants, Carbon and Sulphur Compounds, Nitrogen
Oxide, Acid Rain, Ozone layer and it’s protection. Hydrocarbons, metals and
photo chemical product. The black cloud of pollutant. Prevention and control
of Air pollution

Noise pollution, water pollution and their source. Ground and marine
IV pollution. Mercury, Fluoride and lead pollution. 15
Ganga Action Plan (GAP), Measurement of water quality & management in
India. Prevention and control of water pollution. Control of water and Air
 pollution through Laws, Wetland Conservation, Solid waste pollution and
their management.
Radiation and Chemical Toxicology, Chemical Toxicants and their effects
on Industrial and agricultural wastes. Eco toxicology: Ecological change and
disease, Role of water in human health urbanization, stress and health.
Bioindicators and environmental monitoring. Environmental Organization
in India. Environmental Organization and agencies, Man and Biosphere
programme (MAB), Indian Environmental laws. National Environmental
Policy
Suggested books:
4. Stiling, P. D. Ecology Companion Site: Global Insights and Investigations
5. Kendeigh, F C. Ecology with Special Reference to Animal and Man
6. Southwood, T.R.E. and Henderson, P.A. Ecologial Methods
7. Ricklefs, R.E. Ecology
8. Odum, E.P., Fundamentals of Ecology
9. Colinvaux, P. A. Ecology
 Clinical Cytogenetics
Paper Code: B051011T Total Marks:100
Credits:04 Total No. of Lectures:60
Unit Topics Total No.
of
Lectures
Concept of gene: Fine structure of gene, split genes, pseudogenes, noncoding
genes, overlapping genes and multigene families.
Genome organization in viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes: Organization
I of nuclear and organellar genomes. 15
C value paradox, Repetitive DNA satellite DNAs and interspersed repeated
DNAs, Transposable elements, LINES, SINES, Alu family and their
application in genome mapping.
Linkage, and crossing over - types of linkage, linkage maps and groups,
detection of linkage; cytologic basis of crossing over, crossing over between,
three linked genes, gene conversion.
II Chromosomal compliments in human nomenclature, morphology, karyotype and 15
chemical composition; types of chromatins of different regions of the
chromosomes. Dupraw model of human chromosome structure
Lethal hereditary diseases in man - Sickle cell anaemia, Phenyl - ketonuria,
Huntington’s chorea, albinism and Galactosemia.
III Sex chromosomes and abnormalities, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner's and
Down’s syndrome, testicular feminization and aged eggs. 15
Genetic and chemical aspect of Rh disease, A, B, O, incompatibility and control,
effect of IQ score and phenocopy.

Effect of environment on development of characters -external, internal

environment.
IV Population genetics - Factors affecting genes, gene frequencies, migration, 15
mutations, selection, fitness, random drift, gone pool, Hardy Weinberg law.
Malignancy and its effects.
Suggested books:
1.Cell Biology by Gerald Carp
2. The Cell by Cooper and Hausman
3. Molecular Biology of Cell by Alberts et al
4. Cell and Molecular Biology by De Robertes
5. Molecular Cell Biology by Lodish et al
6. Culture of Animal Cells by Freshney
7. Gene XI by Lewin B.
8. Genetics by Benjamin A. Pierce
B051012P Practical Max. Marks 100 (25+75)
The duration of the practical examination will be 04 hours. The distribution of marks will be as
follows-
Section A:
1. Exercises based on Ecology and Toxicology B051001T 10
2. Exercises based on public health and Hygiene B051002T/ 10
Human nutrition and therapeutics B051003T
3. Exercises based on Microbiology B051004T/ Biotechnology B051005T 10
Section B (Specialization):
4. Exercises based on B051006T/ B051007T/ B051008T/ B051009T/ B051010T/ B051011T 45
Grand Total = 75

Distribution of marks of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):

1. Examination ……………………………………………………………………………………. 15
2. Seminar/Presentation/Assignment/Quizzes…………………………………………………….. 10
Grand Total = 25
 M.Sc. Semester-IV
Zoology Practical Examination (ESE)- 20….
Date: Batch: Duration: 4 hrs Max. Marks: 75
Question Paper
Section -A
Q.No.1. Any one exercise based on Ecology and Toxicology 10
Q. No. 2. Any one exercise based on public health and Hygiene / Human nutrition and therapeutics 10
Q. No. 3. Any one exercise based on Microbiology / Biotechnology 10

Section-B (Applied Entomology)

Q. No. 4. Identify the given species of mosquitos 05
Q. No, 5. Identify and comment upon the social insect A & B 10
Q. No.6. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 15
Q. No. 7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 05

Section-B (Clinical Parasitology)

Q. No. 4. Detect the presence or absence of cholesterol in a solution 10
Q. No. 5. Make a blood film using Leishman stain 05
Q. No. 6. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 10
Q. No. 7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 10

Section-B (Applied Ichthyology)

Q. No. 4. Identify the net and gears given 05
Q. No. 5. Estimate the number of planktons in a given sample 05
Q. No. 6. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 15
Q. No. 7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 10
Section-B (Molecular Endocrinology)
Q. No. 4. Any one exercise based on Scatchard analysis/RIA 05
Q. No. 5. Any exercise based on Hormone assay 05
Q. No. 6. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 15
Q. No.7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 10

Section-B (Applied Environmental Biology)

Q. No. 4. Comment upon Ecosystem model 05
Q. No. 5. Estimate the DO/Chlorides/dissolved organic matter in a sample 05
Q. No. 6. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 15
Q. No.7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 10

Section-B (Clinical Cytogenetics)

Q. No. 4. Any one exercise based on Pedigree analysis 05
Q. No.5. Any one exercise based on Hardy Weinberg Law 05
Q. No. 6. Identify and comment upon spots. (1-10) 15
Q. No.7. Viva-voce 10
Q. No.8. Practical record/ Collection/ Chart 10
Detailed Syllabus of Semester IV
B051001T Ecology and Toxicology
1. Study of decomposition of various organic matters and nutrient release mechanisms/role of
arthropods and other micro- and macro-fauna in decomposition
2. Study of ecological succession by studying various stages of vegetation/community assemblages’
development
3. Identification of aquatic organisms of different trophic levels and construction of food chain and
food web
4. Estimation of LC50 and LD50
5. Dose response relationship curve
6. Study of effects of toxicant on opercular movement of fish
B051002T Public health and Hygiene / B051003T Human nutrition and therapeutics
1. To detect adulteration in a) Ghee b) Sugars c) Tea leaves and d) Turmeric
2. Estimation of Lactose in milk
3. Ascorbic acid estimation in food
4. Estimation of Calcium in foods
B051004T Microbiology / B051005T Biotechnology
1. Preparation of culture media, sterilization
2. Study of Bacterial growth curve
3. Culturing methods (bacterial plating, making stab, slant and growing liquid culture)
4. Staining and identification of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
5. Construction of restriction digestion maps from data provided
6. Genomic DNA isolation from E. coli
7. Plasmid DNA isolation (pUC 18/19) from E. coli
B051006T Applied Entomology:
1. Study of various types of social insects and their nests
2. Collection and identification of economically important insects and various stages of their life
history
3. Ecology: Measuring insect microclimate
4. Life tables/population dynamics modelling in insects
5. Identification and anatomical studies of major vector species of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes
B051007T Clinical Parasitology
1. Study of prepared slides and museum specimens of selected parasites of representative groups of
protozoans, helminths and arthropods
2. Identification of various types of immune cells in peripheral blood smear
3. Histological study of spleen, thymus and lymph nodes through slides/photographs
4. Detection of IgG by precipitation ring test
5. Test for Cholestral
B051008T Applied Ichthyology
1. Collection and identification of aquatic weeds and aquatic insects
2. Determination of age and growth; Gonadosomatic index
3. Identification of eggs, spawn, fry and fingerlings of cultivable fishes of India
4. Study of fishing gears and nets with the help of models
5. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of phytoplankton and zooplankton from natural resources
6. Display of visceral organs; preparation of fish skeleton; alizarine preparation
B051009T Molecular Endocrinology
1. Steroid and thyroid hormone assay by ELISA
2. Identification of different neuropeptides and area of its localization in brain following
immunohistochemical (IHC) methods
3. Isolation of testicular cells and ovarian follicular cells in Rat
4. In vivo bio- assay for estrogen or testosterone
5. In vitro biochemical assay for a hormone (LH or PRL)
6. Calcium estimation in VitD3 treated Rat
B051010T Applied Environmental biology
1. To measure microclimatic variables viz., temperature, humidity and light conditions in a
microhabitat
2. Making an ecosystem in a wide-mouthed bottle
3. Constructing distribution map of species of a genus through GPS by estimating the coordinates
4. Estimation of the ratio of the producers and consumers
B051011T Clinical Cytogenetics
1. Demonstration of multiple allelism by showing mutants of white eye series in Drosophila
2. Pedigree analysis of some human inherited traits
3. To calculate allelic frequencies by Hardy-Weinberg Law
4. Linkage maps based on data from Drosophila crosses
5. Study of structural chromosome aberrations (dicentric, ring chromosomes and inversions in
polytene chromosomes) from prepared slides/photographs