Physics Assignment M.

Prakash Academy

Electromagnetic Induction

Section 1: Lorentz force and Induced EMF

1) A conducting wire XY of length L, resistance R and mass M starts sliding at t=0 down a smooth, vertical,
thick pair of connected rails as shown below. A uniform magnetic field B exists in space in a direction
perpendicular to the plane of the rails.

a) What is the induced emf in the loop at an instant t when the speed of the wire is v B

b) What is the magnitude and direction of the induced current in the wire?
c) Find the downward acceleration of the wire at this instant X Y

d) After sufficient time the wire starts moving with constant velocity. Find this
velocity vm
e) Find the velocity of the wire as a function of time
f) Find the displacement of the wire as a function of time
g) Show that the rate of heat developed in the wire is equal to the rate at which the gravitational potential
energy is decreased after steady state is reached.

2) Consider the situation shown below. The wires X1Y1 and X2Y2 are made to slide on rails with the same speed
of 5 cm/s. Find the electric current in the 19 Ω resistor if X1 X2

a) both the wires move toward right, 4 cm 2Ω 2 Ω B=0.1 T 19 Ω

b) if X1Y1 moves toward left and X2Y2 to ward right
Y1 Y2
3) A square wire of length L, mass M, and resistance R slides without friction down parallel conducting rails
negligible resistance, as shown. The rails are connected to each other at the bottom by a resistance less rail
parallel to the wire, so that the wire and the wire form a closed rectangular conducting loop. The plane of
the rails makes an angle θ with the horizontal, and a uniform vertical magnetic field B exists throughout the
region.
B
a) Find the expression for the steady state velocity acquired by the wire,
b) Is this result consistent with the conservation of energy principle? After all,
θ
kinetic energy of the rod becomes constant but the its gravitational potential
energy is decreasing.
c) What change, if any, would there be if B were directed down instead of up?

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

4) A wire of mass M and length L can slide freely on a pair of smooth, vertical rails. A C

magnetic field B exists in the region, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the B
rails. The rails are connected at the top by a capacitor of capacitance C. Find the
acceleration of the wire neglecting any resistance. M

5) A rectangular loop with a sliding connector of length L is located in a uniform

B R
magnetic field of magnitude B perpendicular to the loop plane as shown. The R2
R1
v
connector has resistance R, the sides AB and CD have resistances R1 and R2
respectively. Neglecting the self-inductance of the loop, find the current flowing
through the connector during its motion with a constant velocity v.

6) The figure shows a square loop of side 5 cm being moved toward right at a constant speed of 1 cm/s. The
front edge enters the 20 cm wide magnetic field at t=0.

B=0.6 T
a) Plot the variation of induced emf as a function of x>0, where x is the
5cm
distance of the right edge of the loop from the left edge of the magnetic 1 cm/s

field
b) Find the emf induced in the loop at t=2 s
c) Find the emf induced in the loop at t=10 s
d) Find the emf induced in the loop at t=22 s 20 cm
e) Find the emf induced in the loop at t=30 s

7) The figure shows a vertical conducting loop of radius a placed in a uniform, B

perpendicular magnetic field B. A thick metal rod is pivoted at the centre O
Є O
and the other end touched the loop at A. A variable resistor R and a
θ
battery of emf Є are connected between the points O and C, where C lies C
on the loop. No external forces are exerted on the rod, except gravity and A
R
forces by magnetic field and pivot. In what way should the resistance R be
changed so that the rod may rotate with uniform angular velocity in the clockwise direction? Assume
0    Express your answer in terms of the given quantities and the angle θ made by the rod with the
horizontal.

8) A circular loop of wire of 10 cm diameter is placed with its normal making an angle of 300 with the direction
of a uniform 0.5 T magnetic field. The loop is ``wobbled'', so that its normal rotates about the field direction
at a constant rate of 100 rev/min; the angle between the normal and the field direction (300) remains
unchanged during the process. What emf appears in the loop?

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

9) A circular loop of radius r=10 cm is placed in a uniform magnetic field B=0.80 T normal to the plane of the
loop. The radius of the loop begins shrinking at a constant rate dr/dt=80 cm/s. What is the emf induced in
the loop?

10) The figure shows a circular wheel of radius 10.0 cm whose upper half,
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
ACB, is made of iron and the lower half, ADB of wood. The two junctions
are joined by an iron rod. A uniform magnetic field of 2.0 x 10-4 T exists in X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
C
space above the central line. The wheel is set into pure rolling on the X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
horizontal surface. If it takes 2.0 s for the iron part to come down and the A B

wooden part to go up, find the average emf induced during this period. D

11) A square loop of side a lies in a uniform magnetic field B which points into the page. The
B
loop is now suddenly pulled completely out of the field (still remaining in the plane of the
figure). Calculate the charge that flows in the loop in the process. a
a

12) A closed coil having 100 turns is rotated in a uniform magnetic field B=4.0 x 10-4 T about a diameter which is
perpendicular to the field. The angular velocity of rotation is 300 rev/min. The area of the coil is 25 cm2 and
its resistance is 4.0 Ω. Find:

a) the average emf developed in half a turn from a position where the coil is perpendicular to the magnetic
field
b) the average emf in a full turn
c) the net charge passing through any cross-section of the coil in part (a).

Answer Key to Section 1

(1) (a) BLv (b) BLv/R , Y to X (c) g-B2L2v/MR (d) MgR/B2L2 (e) vm{1-exp[-gt/vm]} (f) vmt-(v2m /g){1-exp[-gt/vm]}

MgR tan  sec 

(2) (a) 10-5 A (b) Zero (3) (a) (b) Yes (c) Only direction of current through the rod will change
L2 B 2

Mg BLv
(4) (5) (6) (a) To be discussed in class (b) 0.3 mV (c) Zero (d) 0.3 mV (e) Zero
M B LC
2 2
RR
R 1 2
R1  R2
Ba(2  Ba 2 )
(7) (8) Zero (9) 0.40 V (10) 1.6 μV (11) Ba2/R (12) (a) 2.0 mV (b) Zero (c) 50 μC
2mg cos 

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

Section 2: Time varying magnetic field: Faraday’s law of Induction

13) The figure shows two different wires (shown in different shading) wound on the same cylinder. What is the
direction of the conventional current, if any, through resistor R,
S

a) immediately after switch S is closed

b) sometime after switch S was closed
c) immediately after switch S was opened
d) When switch S is held closed, which end of the cylinder acts as a north pole?
e) How do the free charges in the coil containing R know about the flux within the long coil? What really
gets them moving?

14) A copper ring and wooden ring of the same dimensions are placed so that there is the same changing
magnetic flux through each. How do the induced electric fields in each ring compare?

15) Cross-section of the magnetic field confined to a cylindrical region of radius R is shown. Let the field be
changing with time.
X X
X
r X X r
a) need the circle of radius r be a conducting loop for E and emf to exists? X X
X X R
b) if the circle of radius r were not concentric (moved slightly to the left, say), would emf X X
change?
c) for a concentric circle of radius r with r>R, does an emf exist? Do electric fields exist?

16) Figure shows plane figures made of thin conductors which are located in a uniform magnetic field pointing
into the plane of the figure. The field starts decreasing. Indicate the direction of the current induced in the
loops.

B(T)
17) The perpendicular field B through a one-turn circular loop of wire of
negligible resistance changes with time as shown. The loop is of radius
10 cm and connected to a resistor of 10 Ω 0.5

t(s)
a) Plot the current through the resistor. 1 2 3
b) Plot the rate of thermal energy production in the resistor.

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

18) A conducting bar of sufficient length is pulled with a constant velocity in a

conducting ``V'' shaped rail as shown below. Inward magnetic field of magnitude B B
v
is present inside the area bounded by the bar and the rail. Find the external power 2θ
delivered, as a function of time t, in moving the rail with constant velocity v. Let A
be the area of cross-section of the bar and ρ the resistivity of the bar.

19) A small conducting loop of radius r and resistance R is pulled with velocity v
i v
perpendicular to a long straight conductor carrying a current i. If the power P r
dissipated in the loop is constant, find the variation of the velocity of the loop with
x
the displacement. Assume x>>r.

20) A plane loop shown in the figure is shaped as two squares with sides a=20 cm and B

b=10 cm and is introduced into a uniform magnetic field at right angles to the loop's a b
plane. The magnitude of the field varies as B=B0sin ωt where B0=10 mT and ω=100
rad/s. Find the amplitude of the current induced in the loop if its resistance per unit
length is equal to ρ=50 mΩ/m. The inductance of the loop is to be neglected.

21) The figure shows a uniform magnetic field B confined to a cylindrical volume of radius R. B
c
is decreasing in magnitude at a constant rate of 0.010 T/s. What is the instantaneous B
b r
acceleration (direction and magnitude) experienced by an electron placed at a, at b and at r
a
c? Assume r=5.0 cm. Assume mass of electron to be 10-31 kg.

22) A uniform magnetic field B fills a cylindrical volume of radius R. A metal rod of length L is R B

placed as shown. If B is changing at the rate dB/dt, calculate the emf induced in the rod

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

23) A ring of rectangular cross-section is made of material whose resistivity is ρ. Its B

inner radius is a, outer radius is b and height is h. It is placed in a uniform magnetic

field parallel to the axis of the ring. The magnetic field begins to change according
a
to the law B=B0t, where B0 is a constant and t is time. Find the net current flowing b h
through the ring.

Q 1Ω
P U
B
24) In the circuit shown, the magnetic field is confined only to the region PQRS. It is 1Ω 1V
i3 1 Ω i1
uniform and is changing at the rate 1 T/s. Each edge of the two squares, PQRS i2
and QUVR, is 1 m long. Find the currents i1, i2 and i3. S R V

25) The current in an ideal, long solenoid is varied at a uniform rate of 0.01 A/s. The solenoid has 2000 turns/m
and its radius is 6.0 cm.
a) Consider a circle of radius 1.0 cm inside the solenoid. What is the change in the magnetic flux through
this circle in 2.0 s?
b) Find the electric field at a point on the circumference of this circle.
c) Find the electric field induced at a point outside the solenoid at a distance of 8.0 cm from its axis.

Answer Key to Section 2

(13) (a) Left to right (b) No current (c) Right to left (d) Right end (e) EMF induced (14) They have exactly same
electric fields in them (15) (a) No (b) No (c) Yes, Yes

(16)

No current through No current through

horizontal section horizontal section

2 AB 2v3 tan  4x 4 PR
(18) t (19) (20) 0.5 A (21) At b zero, At a and c 4 x 108 m/s2 (22)
  2 0i 2 r 4
dB L L2
 R2 
dt 2 4

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

dB h(b 2  a 2 )
(23) (24) i1=0, i2=i3=1 (25) (a) 1.57 x 10-8 (b) 1.2 x10-7 V/m (c) 5.6 x10-7 V/m
dt 4

Section 3: Inductance, LR circuits, Mutual inductance

26) The inductance of a closed-packed coil of 400 turns is 8.0 mH. What is the magnetic flux through the coil
when the current if 5.0 mA?

27) A 10 H inductor carries a current of 2.0 A at some instant. What should be the current value a small time ∆t
later so that a 100 V self induced emf appears in the inductor?

28) Is the inductance per unit length for a solenoid near its centre the same as less than, or greater than the
inductance per unit length near its ends?

29) You are given a length l of copper wire. How would you arrange it to obtain the maximum self-inductance?

30) You want to wind a coil so that it has resistance R but essentially no inductance. How would you do it?

31) Two long parallel wires whose axes are a distance d apart carry equal currents in opposite directions. Show
that, neglecting the flux within the wires themselves, the inductance of a length l of such pair of wires is
 0i  d  a 
given by L  ln   where a is the wire radius.
  a 

32) Two solenoids, A and B, have the same diameter and length and contain only one layer of copper windings,
with adjacent turns touching, insulation thickness being negligible. Solenoid A contains many turns of a fine
wire and solenoid B contains fewer turns of heavier wire.
a) Which solenoid has the larger inductance?
b) Which solenoid has the larger inductive time constant?

33) A battery is connected to an RL circuit with a key which is open. At the instant the key is closed, the emf
across the inductor is maximum. How can this be since there is no current in the inductor at this instant?

34) A coil with an inductance of 2.0 H and a resistance of 10 Ω is suddenly connected to a resistance-less battery
with Є=100 V.
a) What is the steady state current?
b) How much energy is stored in the magnetic field when this current exists in the coil?

35) A coil with an inductance of 2.0 H and a resistance of 10 Ω is suddenly connected to a resistance-less battery
with Є=100 V. At 0.10 s after the connection is made, what are the rates at which

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

a) energy is being stored in the magnetic field

b) thermal energy is appearing
c) energy is being delivered by the battery?

36) An inductor of inductance 120 mH and resistance 10 Ω is connected across a battery of emf 6 V and internal
resistance 2 Ω. Find the charge which flows through the inductor, after the connections are made, in 100
ms.

37) In the circuit shown, Є=10 V, R1=5 Ω, R2=10 Ω and L=5.0 H. For the two separate conditions (I) switch S just
closed and (II) switch S closed for a very long time, calculate S

a) the current i1 through R1 L i2

Є i R
b) the current i2 through R2 1 1

c) the current i through the switch R2

i
d) the potential difference across R2
e) the potential difference across L
f) di2/dt
Є K

R
38) In the figure shown, find the current drawn by the battery 2R
a) just after the key K is closed
R
b) long after the key K is closed
L

R2

39) In the circuit shown R1

a) find the energy stored in the capacitor just after closing the key L
C
b) find the energy stored in the inductor long time after closing the key.
Є r K

40) Consider the circuit shown R2

a) Find the current through the battery a long time after the switch S is closed.
R1 L
b) Suppose the switch is opened at t=0. What is the time constant of the
discharging circuit? Є S
c) Find the current through the inductor after one time constant.
L1

L2
41) In the circuit shown, find the steady state currents in the inductors after the
S
switch is closed. The internal resistance of the battery and the inductors are Є R

negligible. b

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

42) Find the mutual inductance between the straight wire and the square loop shown

43) Two coaxial loops of radii R1 and R2(<<R1) are separated by a distance x. Calculate their mutual inductance.

R1 R2

x
Answer Key

(26) 10-7 weber (27) 2+10∆t (28) Greater near the center since flux is more

(29) It must be very closely packed (30) Wind the wire from left to right and then from right to left with turns in
the opposite sense. This ensures negligible flux inside.

(32) (a) They have almost the same inductance (b) Inductive time constant of heavier wire is greater. This is
because it has smaller resistance (having larger cross-sectional area)

(33) Even if the current is zero its rate of change is maximum.

(34) (a) 10 A (b) 100 J (35) (a) 0.8 J/s (b) 0.4 J/s (c) 11/e x103 (36) 45 mC

(37) Condition 1 Condition 2 ( R1  R2 )

(38) (a) Є/2R (b) 3Є/5R (39) (a) Zero (b) LЄ2/2r2 (40) (a)
R1 R2
(a) 2A 2A
L E EL2 EL1
(b) Zero 1A (b) (c) (41) i1  , i2 
R1  R2 eR1 R ( L1  L2 ) R ( L1  L2 )
(c) 2A 3A

0b 0 R12 R22

(d) Zero 10 V (42) ln(1  b ) (43)
2 a 3
(e) 10 V Zero
2  R12  x 2 

(f) 2 Zero

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Physics Assignment M. Prakash Academy

Extra Problems:

44) An electromagnetic eddy current break consists of a disc of

conductivity and thickness rotating about an axis through its
center with a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane
of the disc over a small area . If this area is at distance
from the axis, find an approximate expression for the
torque tending to slow down the disc at the instant its angular
velocity is .

45) Find the inductance of a unit length of a long double

tape if the tapes are separated by distance and
width such that .

46) A superconducting round ring of radius and inductance is located in a uniform magnetic field of strength
. The ring plane was parallel to vector and current in it was zero. Then the ring was turned through
so that its plane became perpendicular to the field. Calculate:

(a) the current induced in the ring after the turn

(b) work performed during the turn.

47) Uniform magnetic field confined to a cylindrical region of radius is changing at the
rate . Equilateral triangular frame of edge length and uniform resistance per unit
length is placed in the plane perpendicular to the cylinder as shown. is the center
of the circular cross section. Determine:

(a) current flowing through the frame.

(b) potential difference between points and .

Key:

(44) (45) (46) (a) (b) (47) (a) (b)

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