BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS

1. Explain Block Diagram of Computer or Logical Architecture of

Computer?
The following diagram is called as logical architecture and framework of working functionality of
computer System.
Which is also called as Block Diagram of Computer, which include input, output, components
of CPU.

Input Devices: The data that is given to the computer is called as input. The devices which are
used to take input are said to be input devices. Some of the input devices are Keyboard, Mouse,
Joystick, Scanner, Webcam. Lightpen etc…
CPU : CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It carries the task of processing. It can also be
called as “Heart” or “Brain” of the computer. It has three sub-units.
• ALU
• Control Unit
• Memory Unit
ALU : ALU stands for Arithmetic and logical unit. It performs all arithmetic operations (+, - , * , /),
comparison operations (< , >, <=, >=, =) and logical operations (and, or, not).
Control Unit : Control Unit controls the processing. It has the data bus to carry the data from
one unit to another unit. Control unit also controls all the hardware devices.
Memory Unit: Memory unit is used to store the data. It has two units.
• Primary Memory
• Secondary Memory
Memory Measurement : Computer memory is measured in bits and bytes. A bit means a
binary digit. It may be 0 or 1.
4 bits = 1 Nibble
8 bits = 1 byte

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1024 bytes = 1 Kilo Byte (KB)

1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte (MB)
1024 MB = 1 Giga Byte (GB)
1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte (TB)
1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte
1024 PB = 1 Exa Byte (EB)
1024 EB = 1 Zeta Byte (ZB)
1024 = 1 Yeta Byte (YB)
Primary Memory: It is used to store the data or program during execution. It has two sub-units
RAM, ROM

Secondary Memory : It is a supporting memory for any computer. The information can be
stored permanently in this memory. It includes
• Floppy Disk
• Hard Disk
• CDs
• DVDs
• Magnetic Disk
• Optical Devices
• Punched Cards
Output Devices : The information that is received from the computer is an output. The devices
which are used to receive output are said to be output devices. Some of the output devices are
Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Plotter.

2. Explain Various Components Associated with computer system ?

Components of computer system:
There are four major components of a computer system
1) Hardware
2) Software
3) Data
4) user
Hardware: The physical components of a computer that we can see and touch.
Input devices, Output devices, Processing device
INPUT DEVICES:
The most common input devices are:-
1) Keyboard: - Key board is the primary input device for entering the text is the primary input
device for entering the text and numbers. It is a simple device consisting of 101 Keys. The
keyboards for personal computers com in number of styles and also in different size and shape.
The most common keyboard layout used today was designed by IBM (International business
machines). The keyboard keys are arranged in 5 groups.
a) Alphanumeric keys: - The parts of the keyboard that look like a type writer machine are
arranged in a common manner. This arrangement is called “QWERTY” layout because the first 6
keys on the top of letters are Q, W, E, R, T, and Y…

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b) Modifier keys: - This key is used in combination with other keys. The modifier keys are Shift,
Alt, (Alternate), Ctrl (Control).
(c) Numeric pad: - This key is located on the right side of the keyboard. It looks like a adding
machine (calculator) with 10 digits and the mathematical operators like addition (+),
subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/),
(d) Function keys: - The functions are usually arranged on the top of the row of the keyboard.
The function keys are from F1 – F12. They allow the user to give the computer commands
without having to type long strings of the characters. The most common function key F1 is used
to help in all the programmes.
(e) Cursor movement keys:- This are the set of four keys which allows the user to change the
position of the cursor on the screen. The cursor movement keys of the cursor on the screen. The
cursor movement keys are right, left, top, and bottom.↑ ← → ↓
2) Mouse: - A mouse is an input device that roles around a flat surface or on a desk and controls
the pointer. The pointer is on-screen object usually an arrow (↑) mark that is used to select the
text, access menus, moves files and interacts with other program files, or data that appear on the
screen. A mouse also allows the user to create graphic representations, drawing lines, curves
and free hand-shapes. Clicking, double clicking, right clicking and dragging are the four major
operations performed with the help of mouse.
3) Track ball: - A track ball is a pointing device that works like a upside down mouse. The move
the cursor around the screen the user rolls the ball with the help of a thumb. The track balls such
as “Trackman” from the Logitech Company are not even attached to the computer. They act like
a remote controller for the pointer.
4) Track pad: - The track pad is a stationary pointing device. The movement of a finger across a
small touch surface is translated in to cursor movement on the computer screen. The surface is
just 1.5 to 2 inches square and it is well suitable for the laptop computers and note book
computers.
5) Light pen: - The light pen is also called as stylus. Pen – based systems uses electronic pen as
their primary input device. Pen is used to write or select the objects on a special pad or directly
on to the screen. Pen is also used as a pointing device like a mouse to select commands.
6) Touch screen: - The touch screens allow the user to point directly at the computer screen
usually to select the menu of choices which are displayed on the screen. The touch screens uses
sensors in the screens are mostly used of a finger. Touch screens are mostly used in ATM banks,
Railway reservation counters etc…
7) Barcode readers: - The barcode readers convert the barcode image into a number. It enters
the number into the computer. Barcode readers are used in super markets, departmental stores
etc…
8) Image scanner and optical character recognition: - Image scanners can convert any image
into electronic form by using shining light (laser) on to image and sensing (reading intensity of
the light at every point of reflection. A Software is used to translate the image into text is called
as optical character recognition. Two types of scanners are available they are hand held and flat
bed…
9) Game controller: - A game controller is an input device because a computer game is a
program. Joystick is used to play the games on the computer.
10) Microphone and voice recognition: - Sound is mostly used in multimedia applications. A
sound card is used to translate the electronic signals from microform into a digital form. The

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computers can understand, store and process the sound with the help of voice recognition
software.
Output devices
The output devices of a computer are:-
a) Monitor
b) Printer
c) Plotter
d) speakers
e) projectors
a) Visual Display Unit (Monitor): - Monitor is a common output device. There are two types
of monitors available in the market they are:-
1) Cathode ray tube (CRT)
2) Flat panel display
1) Cathode ray tube (CRT):- CRT can be monochrome (single color) displaying only one color
against a contracting background. In the monitor there is a electronic gun which shoots a beam
of electrons through a magnetic oil. It is coated with phosphorous which glow when they are
struck by electronic beam. The smallest number of phosphorus allots is called a “pixel”.
2) Flat panel display: - These monitors provide brightest and clearest picture. These monitors
are relatively low cost in maintenance. These monitors are becoming more popular because of
their light-weight and in small size. There are several types of flat panel monitors. The most
common liquid crystal display (LCD). The L.C.D. monitors create images with special kind of
liquid crystal that is normally transparent. These monitors became opaque when electricity
passes through them. The L.C.D. are also used in calculators and digital watches and so on.

b) Printer: - Printers used to take the output on to a paper. The printers are divided into two
categories they are:-
(I) Impact printers: - It creates an image by pressing an inked ribbon against the paper
by using pins hammer is embraced consist with the shape of alphanumeric character. The
shape is transferred through the inked-ribbon on to the paper, resulting in a printed
character. The most common impact printers are dot matrix printer, line printers and
band printer.
(II) Non impact printers:- These printers creates an image by using tiny nozzles to
spray droplets of ink on to the page. The non impact printers are inkjet printers and loser
printers.
A) Dot matrix printers:- A dot matrix printer creates an image by using a mechanism
called as print head which contains a cluster (matrix) of shot pins arranged in one or
more columns on receiving the instructions from the CPU the printer pushes out the
pins in various combinations then the print head creates alphanumeric character. The
pins strike the ribbon and the matrix is pressed onto a piece of paper. When a single
pin strikes the ribbon a single dot of ink is printed printer. The lowest resolution of
dot matrix printer has 24 pins. The dot matrix printers are commonly used in date
processing departments which produce large reports. The dot matrix printers are
measured in character per second (CPS). The shortest printer creates 70 characters
per second and the highest printer creates more than 500 characters per second.

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B) Inkjet printers: - These printers create on image directly on the paper by spraying
ink through tiny nozzles. The print resolution of inkjet printers are 360 dots per ink.
These printers are less expensive and they are available in color as well as black
and white. These printers have low operating costs and also offer good quality and
speed.
C) Laser printer: - Laser printers are more expensive than inkjet printer because
quality is higher and faster. A separate CPU is built into the printer to process the data
that it receives from the computer and also to control the laser printer.
The laser printer consists of a toner which is composed of tiny particles of
opposite charge. The ink sticks to the drum in the places where the laser has charged
with pressure and heat. There are two types of laser printers. They are single column
(B/W) and multiple colors. The Single color prints 4 to 16 pages per minute and they
have the resolution from 1200 to 1800. The color printer works faster than the B/W
printer at least 4 times much faster.
c) Plotter: - A plotter is a special kind of printer, which produces large drawings or images. It
uses a robotic arm to draw the images on the paper. The plotters are used to take the printer of
large images such as banners, wall posters and flex-boards etc…
d) Speakers:-Speakers are another type of output device, which allows you to listen to voice like
music, and conversation with people.
e) Projectors:- A projector is an output device that can take images generated by a computer or
Blu-ray player and reproduce them by projection onto a screen, wall, or another surface. In most
cases, the surface projected onto is large, flat, and lightly colored. For example, you could use a
projector to show a presentation on a large screen so that everyone in the room can see it.

3. Define Memory? Discuss Various Secondary Storage Devices?

Primary Memory: It is used to store the data or program during execution. It has two sub-units:
• RAM
• ROM
RAM (Random Access Memory) :
• It is read and write memory
• It is a volatile memory i.e., erasable memory (if power goes off or system is switched off
the contents of memory will be lost)
• It does not have necessary commands to start the computer.
ROM (Read Only Memory)
• We can just read the data present in this memory but we can not store the data.
• It is a non-volatile memory i.e., non-erasable memory (if power goes off or system is
switched off the contents of memory will not be lost)
• It has necessary commands to start the computer and configuration particulars of all the
peripherals.
Secondary Memory : It is a supporting memory for any computer. The information can be
stored permanently in this memory. It includes :
• Floppy Disk
• Hard Disk

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• CDs
• DVDs
• Magnetic Disk
• Optical Devices
• Punched Cards

Secondary Storage Devices

STORAGE DEVICES
The two main categories of storage devices are:-
(I) Magnetic storage devices.
(II) Optical storage devices.
(I) Magnetic storage devices: - The various types of magnetic storage devices are :-
A) Floppy disk
B) Hard disk
C) Magnetic disk and
D) Magnetic tapes
A) Floppy disk: - The magnetic media that helps to store the data on the floppy or read the data
from the floppy disk. It is small & flexible device. These are single sided or double sided and
depends upon the storage of the data. The floppy disk is divided into tracks and sectors which
helps the user to store the data. The storage capacity of each sector is 512 bytes. Floppy disks
are available in two sizes such as 5 ¼. Inches and 3 ½. Inches. The 3 ½. Inches floppy can store
1.4 MB of data and extra high density floppy can store 2.88 MB of data.
There is a hole at the centre of the floppy which allows the floppy to rotate. There is write
protected notch. This is used to protect the valuable information present on the floppy disk. It
also saves the data from accidental damage. The notch is covered with sticker, the data cannot be
allowed into the floppy as well as the data can’t be deleted from the floppy. It also protects the
virus from entering into the floppy disk. The main advantage of floppy disk is transferable from
one place to another place and the data can be written and also deleted number of times.
B) Hard disk: - Hard disk is a non-removable magnetic media which is used to store large
amount of data. A hard disk includes one or more plotters present on a central spindle. Each
plotter is made up of aluminum metal and coated with magnetic oxide. The area of hard disk is
divided into number of tracks and sectors. The hard disk found in most personal computers
rotate(spin) between 3,600 rpm to 7,200 rpm. (Revolution per minute). The latest hard disk will
rotate at the speed of 10,000 rpm. The storage capacity of the hard disk is measured in bytes and
the latest hard disk in bytes and the latest hard disk available in the market can store up to 320
GB of data.
C) Magnetic disk: - The magnetic disk is a flat circular disk made up of aluminum metal &
coated with magnetic material like ferric oxide or chromium oxide. The circular plate will rotate
at constant speed. We can store the data in a magnetic disk either single side or double side. The
surface of the magnetic disk is divided into number of sectors. The storage capacity of a
magnetic disk is around 100 MB to 250 MB.
D) Magnetic tapes: - The magnetic tape devices can provide only serial access and recording
medium in a plastic tape coated with magnetic material on one side. The recording can be done
only on coated side. The width of the tape is 1.27 cms and its length is 731.5 mts and the
diameter of the tape is 25.4 mts. There is a write protected ring at the backside of the tape. A

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small portion of 3 to 5 mts of the tape because we can’t record the information in that area. The
reading or writing of information is done through a mechanism called as ‘caps tom’ There are
rollers present in caps tom’s which rotate at constant speed. The storage capacity of magnetic
tapes ranges from 650 MB to 700 MB of storage area.
II) Optical storage device: - The most popular alternative devices available are optical storage
devices. The most widely used optical storage devices are compact disk (CD) the different types
of compact disk are:-
A). CD-Rom
B). CD-Readable
C). CD-Rewritable
D). DVD-Rom
E). Photo-CD
A). CD-Rom:- CD- Rom stands for compact disk read only memory. It is used to listen the music
as well as read the data which is present in the CD. Laser beam is used to read the data. Data is
present in O’s and I’s. A circular spot from the laser beam to the sensor is represented as ‘1’, and
the ray which is reflecting back to the sensor is represented as O’. The CD-Rom reads the data at
the rate of 5 to 15 MB per minute. The storage capacity of a CD-Rom is around 650 MB to 700
MB.
B). CD-Readable/Recordable: - CD-R stands for compact disk recordable memory. It is used to
record the data. CD-R drove allows the user to create our own CD-R disk that can read to any CD-
Rom drive after the information have been written on a CD, the information cannot be changed
nor deleted. The storage capacity of CD-R is 650 MB to 700 MB.
C) CD-Rewritable: - CD R/W stands for compact disk rewritable. The user can write the data or
store the data number of times. The data can be a text or music or graphics etc; the storage
capacity of CD-R/W is around 650 MB to 700 MB.
D) DVD-Rom: - DVD-Rom stands for digital video disk read only memory. It is a high density
medium and it is capable of storing a fuel length movie on a single disk. DVD-Rom also looks like
a CD-Rom. We can also store the data on one side or two sides. Each side of a standard DVD-Rom
can store the data up to 10 GB and on two sides. It can store the data up to 20 GB.
E) Photo-CD: - A photo-CD is popular form of recordable CD which is developed by Kodak
Company for storing the photographic images on a CD. Many film developing industries user the
photo-CD to store the photos.

4. Explain the features of Editing in MS Word?

Editing Word document
Cut, Copy and Paste options
These options will allow you to Cut or Copy a piece
of text
from one location and to paste at a new location.
To do these functions,

1) Place the cursor at the beginning of the text to be

selected.
Drag the mouse pointer over the text.

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2) Click Edit menu and then click on Cut option (or)ctrl+x (or ) or click on cut icon on the
Standard Toolbar. Move the cursor to the place where you want the text to be pasted.

3) Click Edit menu and then click Paste option (or) ctrl+v (or) click on paste icon on the
Standard Toolbar.

For copying the text from one location to other location the same procedure is to be followed.
The difference between Cut and Copy is that while using the Cut option the text will be removed
from its original location and pasted at a new location, where as when using Copy option a copy
of the selected text is pasted at new location without disturbing the original text.

Formatting documents
Bold, Underline and Italicize the selected text

1) Open a word document.

2) Block the text by first clicking at the start of the text and Holding the left mouse button and
drag to the desired position and then release the left mouse button. The selected area will
be highlighted.
3) Move the mouse pointer to the bold button on the Standard Toolbar and click once.
4) Move the mouse pointer outside your text and click to release the highlighting. Your text will
now appear in BOLD FACE.

Left aligning, centering , right aligning and justifying text

1) Open a word document.
2) Block the text by first clicking at the start of the text and holding the left mouse button and
drag to the desired position and then release the left mouse button. The selected area will
be highlighted.
3) Move the mouse pointer to Align Left button on the toolbar and click once. Your selected text
will be left aligned.
4) Move the mouse pointer to Align right button on the toolbar and click once. Your selected text
will be right aligned.
5) Move the mouse pointer to Center button on the toolbar and click once. Your selected text will
be centered.
6) Move the mouse pointer to Justify button on the toolbar and click once. Your selected text will
be justified.
Creating Bulleted and Numbered list
If a list of items are to be numbered automatically it can be done using Numbered List option
Ex: Microsoft Office consists of
MS-Word
MS-Excel
MS-PowerPoint
MS-Access
MS-Outlook

The above text is to be selected with mouse.

1)Click on the Numbered List button on the toolbar
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2)Move out of the text and click to release the highlighting.

3)Your text will now look like this
1. MS-Word
2. MS-Excel
3. MS-PowerPoint
4. MS-Access
5. MS-Outlook
Now re-select the text
1)Click the Bulleted List button on the toolbar
2) The numbers should be replaced with bullets as shown below
· MS-Word
· MS-Excel
· MS-PowerPoint
· MS-Access
· MS-Outlook
Indenting Paragraphs
1) Select a paragraph with the mouse.
2) Click on the Right (increase) Indent b button on the toolbar.
3) Leave the highlighting on and click once more on the Right Indent button.
4) Click once on the Left Indent button. Your text should now be indented by one Tab
stop. Each time you click, the paragraph is moved one tab stop.
Changing case of text
1) You can change the selected text into either UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title case or tOGGLE
cASE
2) Highlight the text. Select the Format menu option
3) Choose Change Case option. You will get the dialog box shown below.

4) From the list of options select UPPERCASE to convert lower case into uppercase.

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5. Explain Table handling in MS Word?

To create a table using Insert Tables Button
1) Move the cursor to the place where you want to
insert the table
2) Choose tables button from the Standard Toolbar
3) Drag the mouse to highlight the desired number
of rows and columns in the tables menu.
Release the button. An empty table is inserted.
To create a table using table menu
1) Choose Insert table from Table Menu . You
will find a dialog box as shown below:
2) Now type the
Number of Columns
and rows as you
require and set column
width Auto. So that the
Column with will be
equal to the width of
the text. Now click OK.
3) An empty table is inserted in the document. Now inserting
rows, columns, Deleting rows and widening the columns is very
easy.

Insert Rows:
1) Place the cursor in the table, where rows are to be inserted
2) Choose Table and click Insert Rows option to insert rows in
the table
Delete Rows:
1) Select the Row which is to be deleted
2) Click Table and click Delete cells option.
In the same way you can do with columns also

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6. Discuss in detail about Functions in Excel?

A function is a pre-defined formula that helps to perform common mathematical
functions. Functions save our the time of writing lengthy formulas. we can use an Excel
function called Average, to quickly find the average of range of numbers. Or we can use
the Sum function to find the sum of a cell range. Excel contains many different functions.
Each function has a specific order, called syntax. We must follow the syntax of function to
work correctly.
Syntax Order:
1. All functions begin with the = sign.
2. After the = sign define the function name (e.g., Sum).
3. One or more arguments-numbers, text or cell references-enclosed by parentheses.
If there is more than one argument, separate each by a comma.
An example of a function with one argument that adds a range of cells, B3 through B10:

An example of a function with more than one argument that calculates the average of
numbers in a range of cells, B3 through B10, and C3 through C10:

Excel Function Wizard

We need not to remember the complex syntax for each function; it is easy to use all the functions
with FUNCTION WIZARD in excel.
To activate
• We can either click on this fx button or
• We can choose Formulas |Insert Function,
Types of Functions in Excel:
Excel supports wide variety of functions. Some of them are listed below:
Arithmetic (math & trigonometric) functions
Statistical functions
Date and Time functions.
Text functions
Database functions
Financial functions etc.
Mathematical & Trigonometric Functions:
ABS -Returns the absolute value of a number
CEILING -Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
FLOOR -Rounds a number down, toward zero
EXP -Returns e raised to the power of a given number
FACT -Returns the factorial of a number
SQRT -Returns a positive square root
MOD -Returns the remainder from division
PI -Returns the value of pi

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POWER -Returns the result of a number raised to a power

RAND -Returns a random number between 0 and 1
SIN -Returns the sine of the given angle
COS -Returns the cosine of a number
TAN -Returns the tangent of a number
Statistical functions
• SUM - summation adds a range of cells together.
• AVERAGE - average calculates the average of a range of cells.
• COUNT - counts the number of chosen data in a range of cells.
• MAX - identifies the largest number in a range of cells.
• MIN - identifies the smallest number in a range of cells.
• MEDIAN-Returns the median of the given numbers
Text Functions
CHAR function-Returns the character specified by the code number
CONCATENATE function -Joins several text items into one text item
LEN function-Returns the number of characters in a text string
LOWER function-Converts text to lowercase
UPPER function-Converts text to uppercase

Date and time functions

NOW -Returns the serial number of the current date and time
DATE - Returns the serial number of a particular date
YEAR -Converts a serial number to a year
MONTH -Converts a serial number to a month
DATEVALUE -Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number
DAY -Converts a serial number to a day of the month
TIME -Returns the serial number of a particular time
HOUR -Converts a serial number to an hour
MINUTE -Converts a serial number to a minute
SECOND -Converts a serial number to a second
TODAY -Returns the serial number of today's date
WEEKDAY -Converts a serial number to a day of the week
Logical functions
AND - Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE
IF - Specifies a logical test to perform
NOT - Reverses the logic of its argument
OR - Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE

7. Explain Preparation of Presentation?

To open Microsoft PowerPoint, First click on "Start" button. Next click on All Programs.
Now click on Microsoft PowerPoint, this will start the program.
Alternatively, look on your Desktop for an icon shortcut to Powerpoint, and double-click on it.
CREATING PRESENTATION:
When you start PowerPoint 2007, a new, blank presentation opens. If you start with a
blank presentation, you can choose a theme, a background color for the slides, and fonts, and you
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can fashion your own slide layouts. When you create a presentation with a template, all design
decisions are made for you. You get ready-made background colors, fonts, and slide layouts.
PowerPoint shows you a blank presentation each time you open the program. Or to
create a new, blank presentation, you can follow these steps:
1 Click the Office button.
New to PowerPoint 2007, the Office button is the unlabeled, circle with the multi-colored logo in
it, in the far upper-left corner of your PowerPoint window.
2 Choose New on the drop-down list.
You see the New Presentation dialog box.
3 Double-click Blank Presentation.
Slide Transactions.
Slide transactions include creating a slide, deleting a slide, copying, saving and printing a slide.
Creating a slide In a blank presentation Home | new slide allows us to create a new slide with
desired layout.
Deleting a slide Select the slide you want to delete and press del button on key board.
Copying a slide Select the slide and choose copy and paste options from home ribbon
Saving a slide Saving all slides of presentation is done with office button | save option. Here the
file name extension is .pptx
Numbering a slide. For this select Insert | slide number. Now in the dialog box click the check
box insert slide number. The effect can be applied to only one slide or all slides.
Print a slide Printing a slide(s) is done with office button| print option. We can print the slides
along with their note page.
Steps to Save, Open & Close a Presentation.
Save a presentation
1. From the office button, click Save (or) Press ctrl +s on key board (or)
Click save icon on quick access tool bar.
2. select the drive and folder and enter the name of the presentation in the dialog box
Open a presentation
1. From the office button. Click open (or)
Press ctrl +o on key board (or)
2. select the drive and folder and double click the name of the presentation in the
dialog box
Close a presentation
To close a presentation, choose close option form office button.
Animating text and objects
There are two ways to animate text and objects: Preset Animation and Custom
Animation. Although Preset Animation is relatively simpler, we strongly recommend Custom
Animation because it allows more control over animation. The instructions given below are
related to Custom Animation only.
To apply a custom animation effect in Office PowerPoint 2007, do the following:
1. Select the text or object that you want to animate.
2. On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
3. In the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, and then do one or more of the
following:

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o To make the text or object enter with an effect, point to Entrance, and then click
an effect.
o To add an effect, such as a spin effect, to text or an object that is already visible on
the slide, point to Emphasis, and then click an effect.
o To add an effect that makes text or an object leave the slide at some point, point to
Exit, and then click an effect.
o To add an effect that makes text or an object move in a specified pattern, point to
Motion Paths, and then click a path.
4. To specify how the effect is applied to your text or object, right-click the custom
animation effect in the Custom Animation list, and then click Effect Options on the
shortcut menu.
5. Do one of the following:
o To specify settings for text, on the Effect, Timing, and Text Animation tabs, click
the options that you want to use to animate the text.
o To specify settings for an object, on the Effect and Timing tabs, click the options
that you want to use to animate the object.
8. Define Internet ? Explain the Applications of Internet?
Internet:
The internet is the largest computer network in the world, connecting millions of
computers. A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.
The foundation of the internet began in 1969, when the US Department of Defense
created ARPAnet, a project to allow military personnel to communicate with each other in an
emergency.By 2012, the number of internet users worldwide reached 2.4 billion—about one
third of the world's population.To store all of the information on the internet you would need
over 1 billion DVDs or 200 million Blu-ray discs.
Applications of Internet
• The internet has many few major applications like electronic mail services, web browsing,
and peer to peer networking. The use of email increases because of their several features like
attachments, messages, data usage.
• The attachment feature such as word documents, excel sheets, and graphical media is
possible because of Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions but the result is traffic volume
caused by mail is calibrated in terms of data packets in the network.
• Electronic mail services became a vital part of personal and professional communication
method and its time and cost consuming.
• The web browser is a critical application of the internet and is highly commercial dominated
by Microsoft and highly influenced by WWW – World Wide Web.
• The web browser is free and available as an open-source model that enriches the minds of
future generations.
• This P2P networking is a dynamic method that is based on the exchanging of physical
resources like hard drives, files, processors and other intelligent features.
Here are the top 8 internet applications listed below:

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1. Smart Home
Smart Home has become the evolutionary step in residential and developing as common
as smartphones. It is a special feature of Google and now deployed in many areas to make life
convenient and user-friendly. The smart home is designed to save time, money and energy.
2. Electronic Devices
The electronic devices like wearables are installed with different sensors and software
which gather data and information of the user where data is processed to give required info
about the user. The devices mainly used to monitor fitness, entertainment, and health. They
mostly work on ultra-low power and available in small sizes.
3. Automated Digital Technology
The automated digital technology has concentrated on the optimization of vehicles and
their internal functions. the automated car is designed with special features that give a comfort
zone to passengers with onboard sensors and internet establishment. The popular companies
like Tesla, Apple, BMW, Google is yet to aboard their revolution in the automobile industry by
installing excellent features.
4. Industrial Internet
The industrial internet is investing in industrial engineering with Artificial intelligence
and data analytics to build brilliant machines. The important moto is to build smart machines
that are accurate and compatible with a human. It holds vast potential with good quality and
reliability. The applications are deployed for tracing the goods to be delivered, real-time data
regarding retails and supplies that increase the efficiency of supply chain and productivity of the
business.
5. Smart City
A smart city is another major implementation of the internet which is employed for smart
surveillance, water distribution, automatic transportation, environment monitoring. People are

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prone to pollution, improper supplies and shortage of sources, and irregular traffic flow are
solved by the installation of traffic sensors, and the app is developed to report the municipal
systems. Citizens can able to diagnose simple malfunctions in meter and can report to the
electricity system via electricity board applications or websites and they can also find available
slots for vehicle parking easily in sensor systems.
6. Smartphones
Smartphones are also used for retailers and customers to stay connected for their
business transactions even out of the store. They have using Beacon technology to help business
people to provide smart service to the client. They can track the products and enhance the store
dashboard and deliver premium order before the scheduled date even in congested traffic areas.
7. Smart Grids
The idea applied in smart grids is to gather data in an automated way to analyze the
attribute of electricity. consumers to improve the efficiency and economics of usage. Smart grids
can easily detect the power outage and shortage quickly and fix it shortly.
8. Major Application
Another major application of the internet is in healthcare as it is smart medical systems
installed to diagnose and cure the disease at an earlier stage. Many machine learning
algorithm is used in image processing and classification to detect the abnormalities of the fetus
before birth. The main aim applied in the medical field is to provide a healthier life to all by
wearing the connected devices. The gathered medical data of patients made the treatment easier
and monitoring device is installed to track the sugar and blood pressure.

9. What is email? Explain How to Create an Email account?

Electronic mail also known as email or e-mail is one of the most commonly used services on
the Internet, allowing people to send messages to one or more recipients. Email was invented by
Ray Tomlinson in 1972.

The operating principle behind email is relatively simple, which has quickly made it the
most popular service used on the Internet.
As with a traditional postal service, for your message to reach your recipient, all you need
to know is their address. Its two main advantages over "paper mail" are the speed at which the
email is sent and the lower cost.

What's more, email can be used to instantaneously send a message to several people at once.
Email addresses
Email addresses (both for senders and recipients) are two strings separated by the character
"@" (the "at sign"):
user@domain
The right-hand part describes the domain name involved, and the left-hand part refers to
the user who belongs to that domain. One or more mail servers (MX records in the Domain Name
System) correspond to each domain.
An email address can be up to 255 characters long and can include the following
characters:
Lowercase letters from a to z;

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Digits
The characters ".","_" and "-" (full stop, underscore, and hyphen)
In practice, an email address often looks something like this:
[email protected]

To create an account:
1. Go to www.gmail.com.
2. Click Create account.
3. The signup form will appear. Follow the
directions and enter the required information.

4. Review Google's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy, click the check box, then click Next
step.

5. Here, you'll have an opportunity to set up recovery options. Recovery options are
helpful if you forget your password or if someone tries to access your account. If you
don't want to set up recovery options at this time, click Done.

6. Your account will be created, and the Google welcome page will appear.

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Just like with any online service, it's important to choose a strong password—in other words,
one that is difficult for someone else to guess. For more information, check out our Creating
Strong Passwords lesson.

Signing in to your account

When you first create your account, you will be automatically signed in. Most of the time,
however, you'll need to sign in to your
account and sign out when you're done
with it. Signing out is especially
important if you're using a shared
computer (for example, at a library or
office) because it prevents others from
viewing your emails.

To sign in:
1. Go to www.gmail.com.
2. Type your user name (your
email address) and password,
then click Sign in.

To sign out:
In the top-right corner of the page,
locate the circle that has your first
initial (if you've already selected an avatar image, it will show the image instead). To sign out,
click the circle and select Sign out.

10. Explain the process of Sending and receiving mails?

TO send an Email:
Open Gmail. Go to https://www.gmail.com/ in your computer's web browser. This will open
your Gmail inbox if you're logged in.

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• If you aren't logged into your Gmail account, enter your email address and password when
prompted.
• Click ＋ Compose. It's in the upper-left side of your Gmail inbox. Doing so opens a "New
Message" window in the lower-right corner of the page.
Enter the other person's email address. Click the "To" or "Recipients" text box at the top of
the New Message window, then type in the email address of the person to whom you want to
send your email.
• To add multiple email addresses, type in the first email address, press Tab ↹, and repeat
with the other email addresses.
• If you want to CC or BCC someone on the email, click either the Cc link or the Bcc link in
the far-right side of the "To" text field, then type the email address you want to CC or BCC
into the "Cc" or "Bcc" text field, respectively.
• Add a subject. Click the "Subject" text field, then type in whatever you want the subject of the
email to be.
• Typically speaking, an email subject describes the gist of the email's
message in a few words.
• Enter your email message. In the large text box below the "Subject" text box, type in whatever
you want for your email message.
Format your email's text if needed. If you want to apply formatting to your text (e.g., bolding,
italics, or bullet points), highlight the text to which you want to apply the formatting, then click
one of the formatting options at the bottom of the email window.
• For example, to bold a section of text, you would highlight the text and then click B at the
bottom of the email.

Attach a file if you like. To add a file from your computer, click the "Attachments" icon at
the bottom of the window, then select the file(s) you want to upload and
click Open (or Choose on a Mac).
• You can add photos in this way, or you can upload photos directly to the email's body by clicking

the "Photos" icon at the bottom of the window, clicking Upload, clicking Choose photos to
upload, and selecting photos as needed.
• Click Send. It's a blue button in the bottom-right corner of the email window. Doing so will send
your email to the specified email address(es).

Reading an Email Message

Gmail automatically and frequently checks for new email messages sent to you, whenever
your computer or mobile device is turned on and connected to the Internet. If you want to
manually check for new messages, open your inbox and then click the Refresh button above the
message list.
To view all messages you’ve received, click Inbox in the navigation sidebar and then click
the tab you want to view. Your most important messages should be on the Primary tab; other
messages might be on the Social, Promotions, Updates, or Forums tabs.
As shown in figure, all unread messages are displayed in bold against a white
background. Messages you’ve read are displayed in nonbold type against a shaded background.

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All messages in your inbox show the sender’s name, a message subject, a short snippet of
message text, and the date on which the message was sent.

Figure: Email messages in the Gmail inbox.

To read a given message, follow these steps:
1. From the Gmail inbox, click the tab that contains the type of message you want to view. Your
most important messages should be on the Primary tab.
2. Select the message you want to read and click anywhere on that message’s message line.
3. The full text of the message is displayed, as shown in figure You can now reply to, forward,
or delete the message, as described in the following sections.

Reading a Gmail message.

4. To return to the inbox, click the Back to Inbox button above the message.

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