Scribd
Upload
2 views

computer languages

The document explains three types of programming languages: machine language, assembly language, and high-level language. Machine language consists of binary digits understood by computers, while assembly language uses mnemonics for easier programming, and high-level languages like C and FORTRAN are closer to human languages and easier to use. Each type of language has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of execution time and development complexity.

Uploaded by

madhukr.mca10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

computer languages

The document explains three types of programming languages: machine language, assembly language, and high-level language. Machine language consists of binary digits understood by computers, while assembly language uses mnemonics for easier programming, and high-level languages like C and FORTRAN are closer to human languages and easier to use. Each type of language has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of execution time and development complexity.

Uploaded by

madhukr.mca10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

MACHINE LANGUAGE:-

This is the basic language understood by a computer. This language is


made up of 0’s and 1’s. A combination of these two digits represents
characters, numbers, and/or instructions. Machine language is also
referred to as binary language.

Assembly language contains the same instructions as a machine


language, but the instructions and variables have names instead of
being just numbers.

Every CPU has its own unique machine language. Programs must be
rewritten or recompiled, therefore, to run on different types of
computers.

Machine language is a collection of binary digits or bits that the


computer reads and interprets. Machine language is the only language
a computer is capable of understanding.

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE: -

This language uses codes such as ADD, MOV, and SUB to represent
instructions. These codes are called mnemonics. Though these codes
have to be memorized, assembly language is much easier to use than
machine language.

A programming language that is once removed from a computer's


machine language. Machine languages consist entirely of numbers and
are almost impossible for humans to read and write. Assembly
languages have the same structure and set of commands as machine
languages, but they enable a programmer to use names instead of
numbers.
Each type of CPU has its own machine language and assembly
language, so an assembly language program written for one type of
CPU won't run on another. In the early days of programming, all
programs were written in assembly language. Now, most programs are
written in a high-level language such as FORTRAN or C or c++.
Programmers still use assembly language when speed is essential or
when they need to perform an operation that isn't possible in a high-
level language.

HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE:-

A programming language such as “C, FORTRAN, or Pascal” that


enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less
independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are
considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and
further from machine languages. In contrast, assembly languages are
considered low-level because they are very close to machine
languages.

The main advantage of high-level languages over low-level languages


is that they are easier to read, write, and maintain. Ultimately,
programs written in a high-level language must be translated into
machine language by a compiler or interpreter.

Programs written in high-level languages are translated into assembly


language or machine language by a compiler. Assembly language
programs are translated into machine language by a program called an
assembler.

The first high-level programming languages were designed in the


1950s. Now there are dozens of different languages, including Ada,
Algol, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, and Prolog.

Machine language or assembly languages have words that are similar


to English.
A QUICK COMPARISON OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Machine Language Assembly Language High-level


Languages
Time to execute Since it is the basic A program called a
language of the A program called an compiler or
computer, it does ‘assembler’ is interpreter is
not require any required to convert required to convert
translation, and the program into the program into
hence ensures machine language. machine language.
better machine Thus, it takes Thus, it takes more
efficiency. This longer to execute time for a computer
means the than a machine to execute.
programs run language program.
faster.
Time to develop Needs a lot of skill, Simpler to use than Easiest to use.
as instructions are machine language, Takes less time to
very lengthy and though instruction develop programs
complex. Thus, it codes must be and, hence, ensures
takes more time to memorized. It takes better program
program. less time to develop efficiency.
programs as
compared to
machine language.

You might also like