- -

MIME) Control DHCP Access

Path-vector -
- - Signals
Model Congestion ICMP, Media
IMAP
-0SI RARP, OSPF- and
-POP3 PPp-
Data
suite -control ARP,
-(SMTP HDLC-
- Layer:
Protocol IPV6, Routing
Flow
-Protocols
Physical
protocols -
Subnetting
Management- State
TCP/IP
Link (802.11)
-
- Email Layer
Layering - -
HTTP-FTP-
AddressingRIP Data-Link
NETWORKS
COMPUTER Connection -Routing LANSwitching.
Protocol
Service LAN-Wireless
IPV4IP Vector control-
of Circuit
- protocols: TCP:RED)-sCTP-Quality
Types
LAYER
UDP- -
protocol
Distance
PIM. Switching-
control-Error
Virtual
Networks-Network
APPLICATION
Layer DVMRP
Protocols: LAYERS
Internet -routing -CSMA/CD-
Application
PHYSICAL media-
Routing: Flow
(DECbit,
Transport-Layer
Unicast
AND
LAYER
-
Switching -
Transmissio
-
- Sockets
INTRODUCTION
LAYER Multicast
AND Framing
Basics
Communication avoidance protocols:
TRANSPORT
NETWORKROUTING
IV
UNIT LINK
to
Packet Ethernet
Layer-
DNS- -Introduction
SNMP
Introduction -BGP DATA -Perfornman
Congestion and
Switching:
CS3591
I II II - LinkControl-
UNIT Data Routing V
routing
UNIT UNIT UNITData
 APPLICATtON LAVER
INTRODUTION AND
Cbmpute Nebocr k
The Computa rehuork is the gry inter conneeta
Competteu
It albUs 4De tbrmpute to communicatun
witi eah othe to suhre the reowt (e can
ingormadion
eg: iternet C bt to baltj).
Data (ommuunttatt en
* t ve to tonvey a mevngean tmeg an audio
tor) videD trat neive a unoderstand Pay
Tt cun be
TH mans eehange
data etween a
) Daldit edioa devica
aratest
) Detivey Dakk mut deliret conedt detiraton
a) PceuYny oleliren acCLatety ,
3 Timelines.
) sitte’ anival time
Componens.
9men9e
a) Serder
3 Receiver

S) Protvcc?.
poJa Pepresentatiorn Ropresentation.
tou phQue pa ta

3) Îwoges
4) fudio
s) VideD

Comwnilaton betoos huo device (ie) erder

and e ieve Can be 3 types

talybyler
a. Teulto pler
e In simp le mode comuniation cata, an Hao
un one direion tty(ie) one deice Can hranlo
He dat ad othey devite en etept toe datu .
keykoad, monitea
Datt (oo }iom key koa rd to hmoi tor

mon'ten

3) Hall dpler mode bre abt er anolher

* In haldopler mde com municato ach
ctaBion can tanrmrmìt or reu ore the odat
(ie) boh te deies eth nt
tranmmit the dat,
Data(ow

dato
CPU monitor
Ct)
3) Full dupler wale
4 Data tow ün bot te divettion ttt
transmit and iecleve the dat eiultaneouy.
g: Teteplone

data
(t2)
Mowter

NETWORKS-ha
It úa et cleviecs iitertotneted by a
Hanshiion malium
Each devíce u also ealled
A Vode Can be Compute , Printet e ary oit
Lomputig devies .

19 Poihi to oint
a) Mti ront.
bit to int
Lakle p niop uie etr
redicete
ink

dentes cLn
nk. Cemmen

There are 3 ty res

lLAN etaußiontto
MAN
3 W AN

| LAN
* AN ç a system à comzut et hardunre ard
a transiHon media an a so |tuare
1he Veeií OUs fofoogie pd in LON Qre

2 Bus e hannel
3 KIhg
Prof crtes,:.
LAN (an routde the wse oe eyibity, Seo
realibi li y se eutity

trancker rate rom

+he da ta
man pror ides i vUe cn the
uhator
he te
independ ent o 4he
Ca b8e hnneh Eath node
LAN) LAN3

oter
 daB
AwAN Provides lovg dùtante tren smi'sson b
Hcoves lage are
suuh s iby cotuntry
omparcorn of AN NAN, WAN
L'AN AN

patomele W AN
MAN
Pre toyene TE tuVets 1t coves
Small ateas
|LLAN.rol
ange (naj

Entr cte

Slos
Speat lg h medete

Meh
Sau
Bs

Ring
Mesh topologu :. oint to | oint coreli,on
(
tvouy nwde es a decdicatad pount to point ihk
b all the wes
cRarnd

ode
Lrode 5

ey
+A uoan topobg9 tunit d ho s lçvites onnate
by sentra! hub The dete & ore not atreHy
Lonneto to one noter.
3 BLs Laarne.

Lon ne ted to Comnon annel

Eah devices co nh eted hy dedicate pont to

Poit Caneetion to t adj akrt devices to bon
a ring strueture

wode b

node s
Protocol and ayoing
* o mputer netuork ht DYovide g enena aqt
mumber f omputer
ement
+ 1o de igh a neteork to meat these eguir
not asimple tauk,
*To cdeal with thu omp lexl ty tte nehuo rk
busi nes hawe de elo ped a eneral Þeue print
he huore
henenl blue pint aled
arthibeetu re
t Lye Arhtecture
Cowputer hetwor k designe arount te ntept
unchion.
for erchange dalabeueon. the omputees
dences
the teruihals
ethe
Phene a path ebueon hoo compits
oi etry ia. bythe Dmuta nehuork.

Most al! tGe nedhcoku

lays Rach one can bud upon the
Se nes. o
bebwt
Layos s a Tservi ce orider and it ny iena ists
 Tlost A lost B
-
Loye tol toyer y/s
pro
luyer l
ay 3-aye)
laue 2 4-Layer 2
[Laye

layer and ten pases to the pytjeoB medi un

Avt to the destina Hon nodes
Desigs usues for the layer
There ae 3tyes tranmnn Jeeho
1) mplex
23 all duplex
5) Fllduplex.
4, tonneetHien orjented. vs connetti ondes bhiered,
onnetron onente:

Soute and detinq tion

The tonnetiony i xtabliahe ust and the
daa tran<er a onneetuÓn geti deased
eo nnecthon pro-oriented
onne tjonles orented
The gemice goes direty yom an e)
comveton ard e'dat trnaer Dode 0cws
lsUscued ey id ed o tonnecti on
Connettony
(dle no
ConnectTn connechion
wnne
eatablished
dte ho
inectas ohnehon rele yel
5.Intes tate qn gerrices:
The yaious compon¬At are ihNolred n oye Aun tton
I4 ued b + mnsen he alata pm ohe to
aotter tajen
tanous cevice feunthon,
1c1¢ interars nntrot
Sntormation)
I TcP henty lor Trasmúsion torttol frotor|
i and lor
Intanet pototol
wmnni catiorn aceoc re nu tigle, devltS "
Tuere are H tayes oS un pCP
Applí cation laye t r
Tranjort tayei
Intevitt (ayer
Netuork (ayer

t 9ame au the plyeital layee 'ard data

dink ay
to accet ard trasmit the
IP dat elamp

the Birst alger im

to
Iso 'was One
 rtenconneion),
Os1 taye:( open yten
Iso was one the ist agoithr to (omaly
defne comnen to cennet ctrter
hi archilectuie ú catled as open tuys te
inteteennez ien
a ystema lcafion
* 1Ceu noat 7rm arogh a playsico) meoiu
one top uta moves
syifep al'cation ) onoto tonpatn.
to the
Ther are 7 layen un osT.
oßtware
9) Presentation lay layor
3) Sos ton loyer
4) rnsort Pyer - teart oi
s NetEDork (aye fardwahe
6) Dale ink baye

3 Host B

Ayicotion laye !
Tclne
euce

sgment
[bpit NL paket NL
pLL Fame

PL
da ta loss.
t
(9 Pluyt ica layes
}I dto trunt e dat hy btu

pL
PL
9. Da ta tink. yer
* t sreronble lor trasmmt the dato er fhe
tannel
and setdit
to the netork taye

From To
NL
Frame
DLL

-- PL
2. Ne UoYe layer"e
t used to speitg te inteat Deboor!
dGRerent types oR

from TL

hame

4fremsport Caye
From S

NL
-NE
resptbmible or erd to erd trarer.

Ssesjon layn.
rom
PL
BL
Pa ta pota
H gnh,
7is Caya at Lycronlza ten pit eun the ttve
cla k

|From pt
Dat

To sL
Thi luger vesronuibe tor data enifion
and data detriptHon.
Tlane tert y fe -) nrp Honsto
ter t
decirh'on
y tes te plane y
Irtroducion to socket : pert -noi nlirduaf dog
Conne ction s a :
Socket
+ Internet Conm
*Conn eticn &comm inks are crote ng Tce
+R asoiated oith Rort add res rot oBra.
Arplicoticn kayer obcols
aypli cation layer
DNS protveot .

web accey.

7jptert tanfer prvtreol

a set euest
port 8o,
 19 Simple tqwest oty
a) Futl reqiest
freauest
dient
iesponse

t9
rethods
Gtet - liert tntt rettere the doumerit
aHead - dient uant some
inlornmation
3) Post client to proride
lient to ie lolein7omathion
s) path imílar to put
Rayyet time
Tleader
ingormnation
blane une
Pody perrt
HiTP:- port &o

) Non- pesutent H7P

-onnetHon ortente
Tep conne ction us mad e 7or ecuh request e
raonse
Connection is aboays opern poy sever ste
n cohe

Kle trafer otoco ng 7cP onnetion

sev.
liert
dota prot centec2
data cohnetion
 todd sonetlion
tlient
Connetion

Seven at pot
* cli cnt BUtAo tized
(ommertl
*cuhen veven reeievey a co mnond or a (le
hnsler tne Sevite open ts TCP onnetion
oAyten hasjorrag one kile sesvet eo!
Conneetton
E Tiriab te tranler protocol (2vdyre g FiP).
one Chneion

+ NO togn pro edure

E-nad pvotolo.
wig sMTe .

i mede or erdung
4prat ntlvcdes tert audio Video ete
SMTP

g componeñla
2. mal sel ver
 AEnaw addres pok fike
abc gmal. can
Wser name

fomatte
he omat Eoid
) HTML
hen siue
) fext
3) MIME
(MIME
Js a
AGCIl Gode Auplemen tay ptot thot
anto s MTP : ls ron
hon-aSCt
ascii
code code
MME
lang 16it- ascit MIME)
|SMTP

DNS (Denain Name Spae)

e tpe
ntrenet add re, book
Tt hclates omaun rames (ike
eremple - Com
ts TP sdre that compOse t co nunicate
wrti eath othe Dyey int-oinet
#It plays a eutial tole o onsng tht ohen
web dddras nto youn biose,
it knnog were to nd tre conespo rdg webi
When you type the wehcite none into
your bnse pNS server help4 yor dev'ce
t find #he rgt plare to q0.
Seri ce provicled by NS:
r jtost ali'aig
mait
Sevet aliaslhg
test* alia ig
St rekes to the Pra etiee of assignig
tite donan rames t he come Ipasl ret.
Ths aOS a cirglesVE1 tepohat
the r quert Bor mttiyle dornaio ndm es
 (ic) it cwd to host uthiple wrbsites on
a ngle senver
eg: erample . com eram ple net et .

o game emal sere

uliple emal domans
9. @erma mp le,com
epnple -net
Compo nent DNS i

9. Oin name - goegle

ServeN hupe cerveL
3 Name
the resolver lient intrautug wit
4 Name serer
s vame the çathe -yyraum ty wct clienta.
b z one - Ju» u pat donas
Types Pomain üo p NS
LReot

|Invese Grenaic Loun ty

I: 2nvente doaio
î o wed to map an addes to the
mme .(ie) hen as cient send tthe rnuest
tb the veM pantiata tuk the ever
r
finc firct tulthoti2ca Uient
D. enej donoin:
(om
Comnetia)
Colusodit atton

"1g-ogcnigati on .
3 Cogtry :
 Jere ytrrtre

Erth wn rroy hove a unipe ye

nere gre rD rasre t

d. ierahal narrene
a - raores are
orqorí
struiture w led oter hö
4 |Wiroe [user dn turrert it-r
DDNC

rame Spoo
DpNG providera pta tp he DNs IePrd (or he
donmain na me
The Doman hame atuns potnti to the cmtrut
SMP
ernitfo tie IP addrex cfirges.
Simple netor knaragrment prototo!
ard (pt

Da ta tarsjer
u uct to detect he inludeshatkeu
Prcas hetwork agmet
Patt Fautt wanagement
Seurity mo nagent
Aceountg
enlormane
Contigu rtion
}sperifies managenent inlomadtbn basd
arnong ho nageort crtitia
4notha conon e sNMP othe gont tond
to tiath mesage to the mangtig ovtty .
 TFenport layen Pcte

+he patFets arp dotivd

ltnction :
Tui layjen breates the tnesage int patut
prjonm ero eerny
tiepomible lpr reten to prores del ine
t Mittiplererng ) olertultiplex tng
Host to
yost,
letivey

Rooter

rode
to noe

Serrico proide by îransport layen,

it prorjde treup ort serice uses
son
slm,a

Travuport Senvice premitives

Packet
haden der hoader
 me taocy wnel cn TL.
I sTE N

CEND
4 (9ECtE VE
SP(CeoNNE CT.

tion establuhe con neeion 'tetease

2>) Eloco cone.
) nulylng
s) Reorey Connedron
ol neeton, estah release
Send

ACh
Deata
Dton
net

TramportVsedlayen
to irans port the data ay Seqment

UDP
se

VDp
|heocdos Heocdey data

<Dolytes’e by ber
Sounee port Detination
heksum Jobtb
 Pemote protede call -
to ereeute coe (o procodlure on rerote
Comg (or) serren -

DDP

ro vide no foio contro. mechansrn ard no

err proceduie
It ronta soIre port ard destt nation
port dres
poP derngt iu the fong
Reacler

to cieck 1he dat as am ed

RTP"
Real îime Protoe
tne audio and cdeo tert uA So ckets
2TP ode::
yPX cC m

tCisIon: Tre sí 2e { the vesion w ahH

Xi 5, size Ibit
 souice prelen
Cc: vditatea a ne o
tndicate he skut trme adde
m: t
dete ming the in tep retaton cletes.
pasfoc
fee ket
belorg to
es tu pr esent tn -he rhedio

It u ca connei on oriented protyco ued

o acket delirey by te ctream vyibe

Wien fCP wen aSgme nt it naintun he

-i men (te uwaiting or
tho aknowledg enen
The cacnoPocqenent, 6on the
The teeeire
aeknotedgment
fre eegment s ageun e-
u hot redeve
trans mitive,
Ater te ievtng
reeiveA tone sede u
sed to ser aehnouteqement
Bm the
the
data.

Hudey ength: 2 ahit

Urge poi nter t vaic said. to
3

PSH (fuh) panses adata

RST Keset te eonne tfi on
Sndiate ae con nerti
VAce o teleye doe Connettion
&) Corneetien tlease
client
uig An
in

in

TCP conne ction mt eligg

Ldoud
i sten

"CE

Ativs yr rcueved utire

tloce d
Stet

a time ponod
ay P-wte nd time
3) eop )ive time

orp he orinetion al ive tonfer t

text 7a
 fdapt to etransmiss) on ::
Frey time tP serd, an data s ment it
teroc a time
when anoda lasdqment egmet orires
CP (eorcy the frrne again it iu calle ay
tetnumion tirñe Ti me cxt a
1) 'Faro / potrrd qe
lient agorthm
oHgtra) trarsmusionig atematcd
Serre
Bame
pehrensmis
Ack.
Pk

cyal to meaure naw iC y

Gngestion Srer tonlirosl irde dtin ar the tell
cdtarity
when too nanuy porleet tuh unho te not ot
a port of netuoik o that
netoork perfos manLe

fhe metod wed n congesitrn onhel

a. show stak
3: Ekt congesften

AaiHve inrese, maltiplicative detrease

Cotro)
INhen netuor Connedton outeat er

qracuauy intres fere sender tras mieibn tote.

Signeled 6rom he paleet loss AIMp
plan to rece ne trons mis ibn rote
 ansl
Ivaruite bne faket
trc patrct eh.
ten
ho rarhets and
Elgeets oMainteio
cnngotithe trough te
A
hehuotlks
Cgeton avoidante wed
There are 2 dile merharim
Cony ution avoidante
I. DEC hit (destination erferience (njurtlien
A DEC ait ie a rttte tag Lity
hat
wuters put on the pahet to tett the
eende trat there a lot faß'u
when he sende seas the lg bit kroes
to avnd te ebrgestio.

ahage the Co ngeston etore It Les me

aMR dnd An1eshold value
tretti