INTRODUCTION TO AI

WHAT IS IN INTELLIGENCE?
Machines help us by working for us, by which it shares
our load and makes it easier for us to fulfil such goals.
Humans have been developing machines which can make
their lives easier
FEATURES OF SMARTPHONE
Help us in navigating, recommend which songs we should
listen to or which movies we should watch according to
our likes and dislikes.
Our phones help us connect with like-minded people,
make our selfies fun with face filters, help us maintain a
record of our health and fitness and a lot more.
INTELLIGENCE ( Parameters/criteria)
Mental abilities( logic, reasoning, problem solving and
planning ) parameters:
1. Learning from experience
2. Identifying problems
3. Problem solving
4. Ability to make accurate decisions
5. Ability to prove outcomes
6. Ability to think logically
7. Ability to learn and improve
INTELLIGENCE (According to researchers)
Ability to perceive or infer info, and to retain it as
knowledge to be applied towards adaptive
behaviours within an environment
INTELLIGENCE TRAITS/ABILITIES
1. Mathematical Logical Reasoning- Person’s
ability to regulate, measure and understand
numerical symbols and logic
2. Linguistic- LP skills in terms of both
understanding or implementation in writing or
verbally
3. Spatial Visual- Ability to perceive the world and
relationship on one object to another
4. Kinesthetic- Ability as to how a person uses his
limbs in a skilled manner
5. Musical Intelligence- Person’s ability to
recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and sound
patterns
6. Intrapersonal Intelligence- Describes how high
the level of self-awareness someone has in
themselves. Starting from realizing their weakness,
strength, to their own feelings.
7. Existential Intelligence – Related to religious
and spiritual awareness.
8. Naturalist Intelligence - Ability to process
information on the environment around us.
9. Interpersonal Intelligence - Ability to
communicate with others by understanding other
people's feelings & influence of the person.
INTELLIGENCE (in other words we define)

 Ability to interact with the real world

o To perceive, understand and act
 Example: Speech Recognition –
Understanding and synthesis
 Example: Image Recognition
 Example: Ability to take action: to have an
effect
 Reasoning and planning
o Modelling the external world, given input
 Solving new problems, planning and making
decisions
 Ability to deal with unexpected problems,
uncertainties
 Learning and adaptation
o Continuous learning and adapting graph
 Our internal models are always being
updated
 Example: Baby learning to categorize and
recognize animals

HOW TO MAKE DECISIONS? (Info helps humans

make good decis)

The basis of decision making depends on the availability

of information and how we experience and understand it.
Info includes our past experience, intuition, knowledge,
and self-awareness. We can’t make good decisions
without information because we would have to deal with
unknown factors and face uncertainty. This would make
us rely on guesses, flipping a coin, or rolling a dice. When
we have knowledge, experience, or insights/awareness
about a situation, it helps us imagine possible outcomes
and decide how to reach or avoid those outcomes.

WHEN IS A MACHINE SAID TO HAVE AI?

When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human

traits such as make decisions, predict the future, learn
and improve on its own, it is said to have artificial
intelligence.

A machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish

tasks by itself - collect data, understand it, analyse it,
learns from it and improves it.

Q) What makes a machine intelligent?

A: Any machine that can accomplish its specific task in

the presence of uncertainty and variability in its
environment.

Q) What makes a machine work intelligently?

A: The creation of algorithms and systems that are able to

comprehend, reason, learn, and make judgements based
on patterns and data

APPLICATIONS OF AI

Machines that work on Al provide us with an ease of

having even some of the most complicated and time-
consuming tasks being done at the touch of a button or
by the simple use of a sensor

1.Google
When we surf the internet for things Google always
responds to us with accurate answers. Not only does it
come up with results to our search in a matter of
seconds, it also suggests and auto- corrects our typed
sentences.

2.Pocket Assistants (Siri)

We nowadays have pocket assistants that can do a lot of
tasks at just one command. Alexa, Google Assistant,
Cortana, Siri are voice assistants which are a major part
of our digital devices.
3.Google Maps
Helps us navigate to places. Apps like UBER and Google
Maps come in use. So no one no longer needs to stop
repeatedly to ask for directions.
4.Gaming
Lot of games nowadays are backed up with Al which helps
in upgrading the graphics, come up with new difficulty
levels, encourage gamers, etc.
5.Amazon
AI has also been taking care of our habits, likes, and
dislikes. That is why platforms like Netflix, Amazon,
Spotify, YouTube show us recommendations on the basis
of what we like.
6.Social Media
The recommendations are not just limited to our
preferences, they even connect us with friends on social
media platforms with apps like Facebook and Instagram.
They also send us customized notifications about our
online shopping details, auto-create playlists according to
our requests and so on. Taking selfies was never this fun
as Snapchat filters make them look so cool.

7.Health
Al is also being used to monitor our health. A lot of
chatbots and other health apps are available, which
continuously monitor the physical and mental health of
its users.
8.Sophia (NOT TO BE WRITTEN WITH THIS)
Sophia, the very first humanoid robot sophisticated
enough to get citizenship.
WHAT IS NOT AI?
Any machine that has been trained with data and can
make decisions/predictions on its own can be termed as
Al.
A fully automatic washing machine can work on its own,
but it requires human assistance to select the parameters
of washing and do the necessary preparation for it to
function properly before each wash, which makes it an
example of automation, not Al.
An air conditioner can be turned on and off remotely with
the help of internet but still needs a human touch. This is
an example of Internet of Things (IoT).
Since the bot or the automation machine is not trained
with any data, it does not count as Al.
Also, it would be valid to say that not all the devices
which are termed as "smart" are Al-enabled. For example,
a TV does not become Al-enabled if it is a smart one, it
gets the power of Al when it is able to think and process
on its own.
An Al machine gets trained first on the training data and
then improves itself according to its own experiences
which makes Al different from any other technological
device/machine.
Al enables machines to perform tasks that normally
require human intelligence.
AI core idea
Building machines and algorithms which are capable of
performing computational tasks that would otherwise
require human like brain functions.
AI, ML & DL
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A technique that enables computers to mimic human
intelligence. The Al-enabled machines think
algorithmically and execute what they have been asked
for intelligently. It gives the ability to machines to
recognize a human's face; to move and manipulate
objects; to understand the voice commands by humans,
and also do other tasks.
Machine Learning (ML)
It is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables
machines to improve at tasks with experience (data). The
intention of Machine Learning is to enable machines to
learn by themselves using the provided data and make
accurate Predictions/Decisions.
Deep Learning (DL)
The machine trains itself with huge amounts of data/ the
machine is trained with huge amounts of data which
helps it in training itself around the data.. Such machines
are intelligent enough to develop algorithms for
themselves.
Deep Learning is the most advanced form of Artificial
Intelligence out of these three. Then comes Machine
Learning which is intermediately intelligent and Artificial
Intelligence covers all the concepts and algorithms which,
in some way or the other mimic human intelligence.
Therefore, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)
are part of Artificial Intelligence (Al), but not everything
that is Machine learning will be Deep learning.
Al Domains
Artificial Intelligence becomes intelligent according to the
training which it gets. For training, the machine is fed
with datasets. According to the applications for which the
Al algorithm is being developed, the data which is fed into
it changes. With respect to the type of data fed in the Al
model, Al models can be categorised into three domains:
 Data Sciences Computer Vision
 Natural Language Processing
Data Science
Related to data systems and processes, in which the
system collects numerous data, maintains data sets and
derives meaning/sense out of them.
The information extracted through data science can be
used to make a decision about it.
Ex: Price Comparison Websites
These websites are being driven by lots and lots of data.
They make it easy to compare product prices from
different sellers in one place. Examples of price
comparison websites include PriceGrabber, PriceRunner,
Junglee, Shopzilla, and DealTime. Today, you can find
price comparison websites in almost every area, like
technology, hospitality, cars, appliances, and clothing.
Computer Vision
Potrays the capability of a machine to get and analyse
visual information and later on predict some decisions
about it. The entire process involves image acquiring,
screening, analysing, identifying and extracting
information. This extensive processing helps computers
to understand any visual content and act on it
accordingly. In computer vision, machines can use inputs
like photos, videos, and images from thermal or infrared
sensors, and other sources.
Computer vision projects turn visual data into
descriptions that computers can understand to help make
decisions. The goal is to teach machines to get
information from images.
Ex: 1. Self-driving cars- CV systems scan live objects on
the road and help the car decide whether to keep going
or stop.
2. Face Lock in Smartphones
Many smartphones now have a face lock feature where
the owner can set up his/her face as an unlocking
mechanism for it. The front camera detects and captures
the face and saves its features during initiation. Next time
onwards, the phone unlocks whenever it recognizes the
same face.

Natural Language Processing

Deals with the interaction between computers and
humans using the natural language. Natural language
refers to language that is spoken and written by people,
and NLP uses algorithms to understand and get
information from spoken or written words.
The main goal of NLP is to read, understand, and interpret
human language in a useful way.
Ex- 1. Email filters are one of the first uses of NLP online.
They began with spam filters, detecting specific words or
phrases that suggest a message is spam.
2. Smart assistants like Apple's Siri and Amazon's Alexa
recognize patterns, understand the meaning, and give
helpful responses.