GENERAL PHYSICS 2

2ND SEMESTER FINAL TERM​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

REMEMBER: If a permanent magnet can

OUTLINE
I.​ LESSON 7 spin or rotate freely, the side that points
7.1 Differentiating Electricity and north is considered its north (N) pole, and
Magnetism the side that points south is its south (S)
7.2 pole. Like poles attract, and unlike ones
repel.

LESSON 7
MAGNETIC NATURE OF THE EARTH

Magnetic north and south poles should

DIFFERENTIATING
7.1 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM not be confused with the geographic north
and south poles of the earth.

MAGNETISM​ ​ ​ ​ ​ When unlike poles attract, that means the

- refers to the force applied by magnets to earth’s north magnetic pole is its magnetic
field’s south pole.
each other whenever their magnetic poles
attract or repel. GEOMAGNETIC POLE
- it is a result of the interactions between
moving electrons in objects. The geomagnetic poles are the two points
where the axis of Earth's idealized dipole
(a simplified bar magnet model) intersects
HANS CHRISTIAN OERSTED​ ​
the Earth's surface.
- Danish physicist These are theoretical points and do not
- In 1820, he established that moving exactly match the actual magnetic poles.
charges cause magnetism by
(accidentally) demonstrating how a wire that
contains electric current could deflect a
compass needle.

NATURE OF MAGNETS

ATTRACTION
OPPOSITE POLES ATTRACT

happens when two

opposite (unlike)
magnetic poles
(north and south or MAGNETIC POLE
south and north),
are placed The magnetic poles are the locations
alongside each where Earth's magnetic field lines are
other. vertical (perpendicular to the surface).
They constantly shift due to changes in
REPULSION Earth's outer core dynamics, which drive
LIKE POLES REPEL
the planet's magnetic field.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2
2ND SEMESTER FINAL TERM​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

direction irregularly after thousands, or

MAGNETIC POLE
millions of years.
Earth's magnetic field is not created
by a giant bar magnet inside the
planet. Instead, it comes from
electric currents in the outer core.
The outer core is made of liquid
iron and nickel, which move due to
Earth's rotation and heat from the
inner core.
This movement of molten metal
creates electric currents, which in
turn generate magnetic fields—this
process is called the geodynamo
effect.
Because the molten iron in the outer
core is always moving, the electric
KEY DIFFERENCES: currents—and therefore the
GEOMAGNETIC POLE magnetic field—are not fixed.
- Theoretical poles of Earth's dipole field
- Relatively stable KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC
MAGNETIC POLE FIELD LINES
- Actual points where the magnetic field is DIRECTION: They always flow from the
vertical north pole to the south pole outside a
- Moves over time due to core dynamics magnet and from south to north inside the
magnet, forming closed loops.
DENSITY: The closer the lines are, the
stronger the magnetic field (e.g., near the
poles of a magnet).
NEVER CROSS: Magnetic field lines never
intersect because each point in space has a
single direction of the field.

The blue lines are called magnetic field

lines, and they signify the compass
direction for each location.

MAGNETIC FIELD LINES​ ​ ​

- caused by the electric currents generated
from the core of the earth and change their