Class_7_Social_Science_Civics_Notes_for_Session_2024_25_Chapter (1) - Copy
Class_7_Social_Science_Civics_Notes_for_Session_2024_25_Chapter (1) - Copy
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CIVICS
Chapter 5: WOMEN CHANGE THE WORLD
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
In the nineteenth century many schools were opened up, but women were not expected
to read or write.
Many people opposed the education of girls and as a result women struggled to attain
education.
However, women who did get educated began to question the general attitude of the
people towards women education.
During this time, there were some women who not only learned to read and write amid
oppositions but also worked towards the education of women. Some of these women and
their achievements are:
Rashsundari Devi (1800-1890)
She was born in West Bengal. She is considered to be the first woman in India who
wrote her autobiography titled ‘Amar Jiban’.
She was a house wife belonging to a rich landlord’s family where women were not
allowed to read and write. It was believed that an educated woman brought bad luck
to her husband.
(1)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
Rashsundari Devi secretly learned to read and write as she wanted to read Chaitanya
Bhagabat (a book based on the life of a saint).
She would often work on her reading at mid-night when everyone was asleep.
Rashsundari Devi took help from her son’s books in order to learn to read. After a long
period of time she learned to read was finally able to read the Chaitanya Bhagabat.
She later also learned to write and wrote her autobiography in which she had discussed
her busy work routine at home every day.
Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain was born in a rich family. Though she was taught to read and
write Urdu, she was not encouraged to learn English and Bangla languages.
It was felt that the learning of these two languages would expose girls to new
ideas.
She however secretly learned the Bangla and English languages and became a
writer.
Her famous work is the story titled ‘Sultana Dreams’. In this story, a woman
(2)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
named Sultana reaches a place called ladyland where women had the freedom to
study, learn and create innovations. Thus women in her story were controlling rains
and flying planes in the nineteenth century.
Later in 1910, she opened a school for girls at Kolkata, which is still functioning till
date and is known as the Sakahwat Memorial Girls School.
Today, both boys and girls attend schools in large numbers. However, there still remains
a difference between the education of boys and girls.
The census which is conducted by the government after every ten years, provide us
information about the people living in India like the percentage of literate people, sex
ratio, about the occupation of men and women etc.
To estimate the level of literacy, children above seven years of age are taken into
account. They are considered as literate if they are at least able to write their names.
According to the census of 1961, about 40 percent of all the boys and men were literate
while only 15 percent of all girls and women were educated.
In the census of 2001, while 76% of males were literate, the literacy rate of the females
was only 54%. The percentage of educated females is still lower than the percentage of
educated males.
What is more noticeable is that the literacy rates of the Dalit and Muslim girls are less
than the literacy rates of the total female population of India.
Statistics have shown that the literacy rates of Muslim girls were even less than those of
the Dalit girls.
Reasons for Low Literacy Rates among the Dalit, Muslim and Adivasi Children
(3)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
Women's Movement
Women have not gained all their rights in various fields such as education, health, legal rights
automatically. They had to struggle for gaining their rights. The struggles waged by them in order to
gain their rights are known as the Women’s Movement. Many women, organisations and men have
participated in the women’s movement to help women gain these rights. Some strategies which are
adopted for making people aware of the women’s rights are:
Campaigns
Campaigns help the women to protest and fight against discriminations which are made
against them.
In 2006, as a result of several campaigns, a law was passed which
gave legal protection to women against domestic violence.
Many campaigns were organised by various women organisations
through street plays, protests and by approaching the courts to
demand the banishment of dowry from the country.
Sexual harassment of women in the work place and other institutions became an act
punishable by law due to the organisation of large scale campaigns by women.
(4)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
(5)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
Important Questions
Multiple Choice Questions:
Question 1. Driving her train was written by:
(a) Rokeya Sekhawat Hossain
(b) Ramabai
(c) Neeta Lai
Question 2. Ramabai was given the title of ‘pandita’ because she could read and write the
language:
(a) English
(b) Sanskrit
(c) Hindi
Question 3. Rashsundari Devi was from:
(a) Bengal
(b) Maharashtra
(c) manipur
Question 4. Who became the first woman engine driver of the northern
(a) Laxmi Lakra
(b) Rashsundari Devi
(c) Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
Question 5. International women’s day is celebrated on:
(a) 7 March
(b) 8 March
(c) 9 March
Question 6. what do you mean by stereotypes?
(a) All boys are superior in class
(b) All people are behaved in a particular manner
(c) Rich people are higher in class
(d) None of these
Question 7. In which year the law was passed to give women protection from domestic
violence?
(6)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
(a) 2000
(b) 2001
(c) 2006
(d) 2005
Question 8. what percentage of ST girls leaves school at primary level?
(a) 36%
(b) 67%
(c) 49%
(d) 78%
Question 9. what was the title given to Rama bai?
(a) Swami
(b) Intellectual
(c) Lady
(d) Pandita
Question 10. What is the main aim of families in general for the future of girls?
(a) Higher education
(b) Marriage
(c) Good career
(d) None of these
Question 11. Who were the famous women who make changes in other women’s life?
(a) Rashsundari Devi
(b) Ramabai
(c) Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain
(d) All of the above
Question 12. Which famous book is written by Rashsundari Devi?
(a) Amar Jiban
(b) Godan
(c) Madhushala
(d) None of these
Question 13. what do you mean by women’s movement?
(7)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
(8)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
5. They collected the mud and prepared the earth for the pots.
6. Women can be good teachers but they are incapable of dealing with technical
things.
7. She became the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways.
8. Schools became more common and communities that had never learnt reading
and writing started sending their children to school.
9. Rashsundari Devi was a housewife from a rich landlord’s family in west Bengal. She
wrote about her everyday life experiences in her autobiography.
10. She started a school for girls in Kolkata which is functioning even today.
Short Answer:
1. Stereotypes about what women can or cannot do affects women’s right to
equality because they are considered weak and incapable of doing strong works.
And thus women are called inferior to men. They are paid less salaries / wages
than their man counterparts.
2. Following are the methods of struggle that women’s movement used to raise
their issues:
i. Raising awareness through street plays, songs and public meetings.
ii. Protesting through public rallies and powerful way of drawing attention to
injustice.
3. Pandita Ramabai setup a Mission in Khedgaon near Pune in 1898. This was the
place where widows and poor women were encouraged not only to become
literate but to be independent. They were taught a variety of skills from carpentry
to running a printing press, skills that are considered male preserve. This Mission is
still active today and does a lot for women’s upliftement.
4. In those days, English was seen as a language that would expose girls to new ideas,
which people thought were not correct for them. Therefore, it was mostly boys
who were taught English. However, Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain wished to learn
these two languages in addition to Urdu. Fortunately, she got the support of her
elder brother and an elder sister and ultimately learnt to read and write Bangla
and English.
5. Learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashsundari Devi, Ramabai
and Rokeya because after learning alphabet they could achieve their goals and
fulfill their dreams and contribute the society.
i. Rashsundari Devi: Wrote “Amar Jiban”, first autobiography written by an India
woman.
(11)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
ii. Ramabai: She set up a mission in Khedagaon where widows and poor women
are taught variety of skills from carpentry to running a printing press.
iii. Rokeya: She started a school for girls in Kolkata in 1910 and thus helped other
girls to get education.
Long Answer:
1. Laxmi Lakra belongs to a poor tribal family in Jharkhand- She studied in a
government school. She studied hard and did well and then went on to get a
diploma in electronics. She then took the railway board exam and passed it on her
first attempt. She became the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways. In
this way she broke stereotype that engine drivers could be men only. She says “I
have challenges and the moment somebody says it is not for girls. I make sure I go
ahead and do it”. Laxmi has had to do this several times in her life—when she
wanted to take electronics, when she rode motorcycles at the polytechnics and
when she decided to become an engine driver.
2. Rashsundari Devi was a housewife from a rich landlord’s family in West Bengal.
She was not allowed to learn to read and write. During her time, some 200 years
ago, there was a prevalent belief that if a woman learnt to read and write, she
would bring bad luck to her husband. Rashsundari Devi took this belief as false
because she was not at all superstitious. She took strict decision and taught herself
how to read and write in secret, well after her marriage. She even wrote her
autobiography in Bangla at the age of 60. Her book titled Amor Jiban is the first
known autobiography written by an Indian woman.
3. It is true that the literacy rates have increased since independence. According to
the 1961 census, about 40% of all boys and men were literate compared to 15% of
all girls and women. In the census of 2001, these figures have grown to 76% for
boys and men and 54% for girls and women. This means that the proportion of
both men and women who are able to read and have at least some amount of
schooling has increased. But the worrying factor is that the percentage of male is
still higher than the female group. The gap exists even today.
4. It was Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain who wrote the story Sultana’s Dream in 1905 at
the age of 25. The story is all about Sultana’s dream. In her imagination she
reaches a place called Ladyland. Ladyland is the place where women had the
freedom to study, work and create inventions like controllin’ rain from the clouds
and flying air cars. In this Ladyland, the men had no freedom at all.
They had been sent to seclusion. Their aggressive guns and other weapons of war
defeated by the brain-power of women. As Sultana travels in the Ladyland, She
awakes suddenly and becomes disappointed to see the reality.
(12)
WOMEN CHANGE THE
0
5. The various ways women apply to fight discrimination and seek justice are as
follow:
i. It has proved to be a great success. It has led to a new law being passed in 2006.
This law gives legal protection to women against domestic violence which
includes physical and mental violence within then- homes.
ii. Women by dint of campaigning made the Supreme Court to formulate guidelines
in 1997 to protect women against sexual harassment at workplace. They also
campaigned for bringing justice to those families which have become pray to
dowry deaths. As a result of their campaigns, dowry laws were changed to
punish families who seek dowry.
iii. Raising Awareness. Women, in order to fight-discrimination, work hard to raise
public awareness on women’s rights issues. They do so through several means
such as street plays, songs and public meetings.
iv. Whenever a law or policy acts against the interest of the women, they rise in
protest by holding public rallies and demonstrations. These are powerful ways of
drawing attention to injustices.
v. Showing Solidarity. Women associated with the Women’s movement also
believe in showing solidarity with other women and their causes.
(13)
As Per Revised
CBSE
Curriculum
2024-25
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