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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Definitions and abbreviations
1 Introduction to Underwater Inspection and Repair
1.1 Background
1.2 Why Do We Inspect and Repair Structures
1.3 Types of Offshore Structures
1.4 Overview of this Book
1.5 Bibliographic Notes
References
2 Statutory Requirements for Inspection and Repair of Offshore
Structures
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Examples of Country Statutory Requirements
2.3 Standards and Recommended Practices for Steel
Structures
2.4 Standards and Recommended Practices for Mooring
Systems
2.5 Standards and Guidance Notes for Concrete Structures
2.6 Discussion and Summary
References
3 Damage Types in Offshore Structures
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Previous Studies on Damage to Offshore Structures
3.3 Previous Studies on Damage to Fixed Steel Structures
 3.4 Previous Studies on Damage to Floating Steel Structures
3.5 Previous Studies on Damage Types to Mooring Lines
and Anchors
3.6 Previous Studies on Concrete Structures
3.7 Previous Studies on Marine Growth (Marine Fouling)
3.8 Summary of Damage and Anomalies to Offshore
Structures
3.9 Bibliographic Notes
References
4 Inspection Methods for Offshore Structures Underwater
4.1 Introduction to Underwater Inspection
4.2 Previous Studies on Inspection
4.3 Inspection and Inspection Methods
4.4 Deployment Methods
4.5 Competency of Inspection Personnel and Organisations
4.6 Reliability of Different Inspection Methods Underwater
4.7 Inspection of Fixed Steel Structures
4.8 Inspection of Concrete Structures
4.9 Inspection of Floating Structures and Mooring Systems
References
5 Structural Monitoring Methods
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Previous Studies on Structural Monitoring Methods
5.3 Structural Monitoring Techniques
5.4 Structural Monitoring Case Study
5.5 Summary on Structural Monitoring
5.6 Bibliographic Notes
References
6 Inspection Planning, Programme and Data Management
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Previous Studies on Long‐Term Planning of Inspections
 6.3 Summary on Inspection Planning and Programme
6.4 Bibliographic Notes
References
7 Evaluation of Damage and Assessment of Structures
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Previous Studies on Evaluation of Damaged Tubulars
7.3 Previous Studies on Evaluation of Damaged Plated
Structures
7.4 Previous Studies on Evaluation of Damaged Concrete
Structures
7.5 Practice of Evaluation and Assessment of Offshore
Structures
References
8 Repair and Mitigation of Offshore Structures
8.1 Introduction to Underwater Repair
8.2 Previous Generic Studies on Repair of Structures
8.3 Previous Studies on Repair of Tubular Structures
8.4 Previous Studies on Repair of Concrete Structures
8.5 Previous Studies on Repair of Plated Structures
8.6 Repair of Steel Structures
8.7 Repair of Corrosion and Corrosion Protection Systems
8.8 Repair of Mooring Systems
8.9 Repair of Concrete Structures
8.10 Overview of Other Mitigation Methods
8.11 Bibliographic Notes
References
9 Conclusions and Future Possibilities
9.1 Overview of the Book
9.2 Emerging Technologies
9.3 Final Thoughts
References
 Index
End User License Agreement

List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 1 Inspection Intervals According to API RP‐2A (API
1993).
Chapter 3
Table 2 Levels of Corrosion (ABS 2017).
Table 3 Overview of Previous Work on Damage to Offshore
Structures.
Table 4 Summary of Underwater Inspection Findings for 21
Steel Platforms in t...
Table 5 Damage to Steel and Concrete Structures Requiring
Repair.
Table 6 Damage to Platform A.
Table 7 Cause and Frequency of Damage to Fixed Offshore
Structures.
Table 8 Categories of Platform Defects.
Table 9 Damage Caused by Hurricane Andrew (from Sharp
et al. 1995).
Table 10 Modes of Failure for Ship‐Shaped Structures.
Table 11 Typical Defect Types for Tanker Structural
Components (SSC 421).
Table 12 Incident Frequencies for Semi‐Submersibles for
the Period 1970–1997 ...
Table 13 Causes of Failures for Both Chains and Wire Ropes
(API 2019).
Table 14 Overview of Identified Damage on Concrete
Structures.
 Table 15 Damage Types and Typical Locations in Offshore
Concrete Structures (...
Table 16 Effects of Fouling on a Structure.
Table 17 Growth Characteristics of Common Marine Fouling
Species (HSE 2002).
Table 18 Categories of Potential Causes of Damage for
Three Different Types o...
Chapter 4
Table 19 Overview of Previous Studies on Inspection
Methods.
Table 20 Reliability and Cost Estimate for CVI and MPI
(MSL 2000).
Table 21 Overview of Inspection Methods for Offshore
Structures Underwater.
Table 22 Typical Ranges of Potential of Reinforcing Steel in
Concrete (RILEM ...
Table 23 Deployment Methods for Inspection and Repair.
Table 24 Methods for Inspection with Indication of
Cleaning Needs and Deploym...
Table 25 Competency Requirements (Based on the SIM
Standards Mentioned in Thi...
Table 26 CSWIP Categories.
Table 27 Five Basic Maturity Levels Used in CMM.
Table 28 Damage Causes and Suggested Inspection
Methods for Fixed Steel Struc...
Table 29 Examples of Defects on Concrete Structures in
groups 4, 5 and 6 (Dep...
Table 30 Damage Types and Inspection Methods Specific
for Concrete Structures...
Table 31 Typical Accuracies for Inspection Techniques (API
2019b).
 Table 32 Damage Causes and Suggested Inspection
Methods for Floating Structur...
Chapter 5
Table 33 Sensitivity of Natural Frequencies to Members
Severance Based on Ana...
Table 34 Examples of the Use of Structural Monitoring
Methods (HSE 2006).
Table 35 Structural Condition Monitoring Techniques.
Chapter 6
Table 36 Example of a Long‐Term Inspection Plan for a
Jacket‐Type Structure.
Table 37 Example of a Field Work Sheet for Inspection of a
Structural Part.
Table 38 Important Structural Integrity Management Data.
Table 39 Inspection Requirements for Structures of
Different Risk Level.
Table 40 The Phases of the Bathtub Curve and Inspections
Needs.
Chapter 7
Table 41 Variation in Static Strength Capacity with Crack‐
Aspect Ratio. Sourc...
Table 42 Prediction Accuracy.
Table 43 Format for Non‐Linear Pushover Analysis.
Table 44 Definition of Platform Robustness (MSL 2003),
Table 45 Effect on Damage on Non‐Robust and Moderately
Robust Fixed Offshore ...
Table 46 Expected Reduction in RSR based on Robustness,
Extent and Location o...
Table 47 Risk Assessment Matrix for Offshore Concrete
Structures.
 Table 48 Selected Types and Causes of Damage from
Guideline V441.
Table 49 Evaluation and Assessment Possibilities for
Structures with Damage o...
Table 50 Suggested Evaluation Methods for Steel
Structures.
Table 51 Evaluation Scheme for Concrete Structures.
Table 52 Anomalies and Possible Evaluation Methods for
Concrete Structures.
Chapter 8
Table 53 Repair and Mitigation Approaches and Examples.
Table 54 Overview of Previous Repair Studies Relating to
Different Forms of D...
Table 55 Information within the Repairs Database.
Table 56 Analysis of structural elements requiring repair or
strengthening.
Table 57 Analysis of Method of Discovery, over Time.
Table 58 Analysis of Method of Discovery, by Cause.
Table 59 Analysis of Repair Types over Time.
Table 60 Analysis of Vessel Impact Leading to Repairs by
Vessel Type.
Table 61 Repair Methods.
Table 62 Comparison of Grouted and Bonded Repairs.
Table 63 Local and Global Repair as Recommended by MSL
(2004).
Table 64 Applicability of Repair Techniques (MSL 1995 and
MSL 2004).
Table 65 Brief Details of Damage and Repairs to Platforms.
Table 66 Summary of Repair Types.
Table 67 Results of Repairs to Concrete Specimens.
 Table 68 Slant Shear Test Results.
Table 69 Results of Tests.
Table 70 Repair Options for Ship Structures as Provided by
SSC (2000).
Table 71 Results of Repair Tests.
Table 72 Criteria for Selection of Repair Options.
Table 73 Advantages and Disadvantages of Individual
Repair Techniques.
Table 74 Repair and Reinforcement of Stiffened Plates.
Table 75 Repair Methods for Cracks and Insufficient
Fatigue Life in Steel Str...
Table 76 Repair Methods Suggested for Overload Damage
and Insufficient Streng...
Table 77 Repair of Corrosion Damage in Steel Structures.
Table 78 Repair Methods for Other Types of Damage for
Steel Structures.
Table 79 Causes and Consequences of Damage and
Underwater Repair Solutions.
Table 80 Typical Methods for Applying Cementitious
Materials.
Table 81 Anomalies and Possible Evaluation Methods for
Concrete Structures.

List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1 The elements of why we inspect structures.
Figure 2 Damage to hull structural members by different
causes and ship age ...
Figure 3 Typical bathtub curve. It should be noted that
ageing may set in ea...
 Figure 4 Examples of types of offshore structures: (a) is a
jack‐up placed a...
Figure 5 Various forms of wind turbine substructures: (a)
suction pile caiss...
Figure 6 The management process for safe operation by
inspection and mitigat...
Chapter 2
Figure 7 Elements of Structural integrity management,
based on HSE (2009)....
Figure 8 Main SIM process of API RP 2SIM (API 2014b)
and follow‐on steps....
Figure 9 Structural integrity management cycle
(surveillance includes inspec...
Figure 10 An example of a typical SIM process based on a
major hazard approa...
Chapter 3
Figure 11 Examples of damage cause (why the damage
occurs), types (what they...
Figure 12 Aluminium anode recovered from West Sole WE
platform showing less ...
Figure 13 Dented member.
Figure 14 Illustration of location of damage to platform A in
Table 6.
Figure 15 Frequency of damage types.
Figure 16 Frequency of causes of damage.
Figure 17 Cause and frequency of damage to fixed offshore
structures.
Figure 18 Reported defects by category.
Figure 19 Gulf of Mexico platform leaning damaged in a
hurricane.
 Figure 20 Pancake leg damage—fully severed leg and initial
damage configurat...
Figure 21 Mooring line elements and typical damage zones.
Figure 22 Partially loose stud, from corrosion or mechanical
damage (HSE 201...
Figure 23 General corrosion on a recovered floating
production unit mooring ...
Figure 24 Example of moderately severe corrosion in wire
rope (HSE 2006)....
Figure 25 Rope in Figure 23 after thorough cleaning (HSE
2006).
Figure 26 Example of moderately severe external wear in
wire rope (HSE 2006)...
Figure 27 Load regimes for a studded link showing failure
locations, termino...
Figure 28 Fatigue damage at the crown of a non‐studded
chain (HSE 2017a)....
Chapter 4
Figure 29 Dent depth and associated bows and cracks.
Figure 30 Bows with associated dents and cracks.
Figure 31 Relationship between the different NDE
techniques versus cost and ...
Figure 32 Ability to detect a crack in member for different
NDE techniques....
Figure 33 Bureau Veritas minimum requirements for type
approval, based on cr...
Figure 34 Tongue Sands Tower.
Figure 35 Chloride levels from cores taken from the Tongue
Sands Tower vs he...
Figure 36 Ultrasonic testing both for thickness and
detection of internal fl...
 Figure 37 Magnetic particle method illustrated.
Figure 38 Count rates for different examples of flooding
under water.
Figure 39 Methods of potential mapping (Department of
Energy 1987b).
Figure 40 Examples of anode condition, approximately 20%
to 90% usage.
Figure 41 ROV being deployed.
Figure 42 ROV installation of Robotised Inspection Tool.
Figure 43 RIT: Robotised inspection tool.
Figure 44 Two examples of AUVs.
Figure 45 Rail installation (Vertical Access Tool) of
Robotised Inspection T...
Figure 46 Seven CMM processes for maturity model for
managing structural int...
Figure 47 PoD curves for different NDT inspection methods
based on DNVGL RP‐...
Figure 48 PoD curves CVI inspection for two levels of access
difficulty base...
Figure 49 Two examples of inspection of concrete structures
underwater. The ...
Chapter 5
Figure 50 West Sole WE platform.
Figure 51 Typical fixed steel platform response spectrum.
Figure 52 Effects of member severance on NS natural
frequency.
Figure 53 Change in natural frequencies at, for example, a
member failure....
Chapter 6
 Figure 54 Transition from the as‐built to the as‐is condition
of the structu...
Figure 55 Approaches to planning offshore structural
underwater inspections....
Figure 56 Example of risk matrix for risk‐based inspection
planning. L indic...
Figure 57 Structural integrity data management system
with examples of conte...
Figure 58 Inspection intervals in years for a sample
structure (PSA 2007).
Figure 59 Inspection intervals in years up to 50 years for
varying RIF value...
Figure 60 The RBI process, based on EI (2020).
Chapter 7
Figure 61 Overall evaluation and assessment approach.
Figure 62 Database of surface crack development in tubular
joint fatigue tes...
Figure 63 Prediction of number of joints with significant
cracks.
Figure 64 Limited life between N3 and N4 for a typical joint
test (Sharp et ...
Figure 65 Distribution of N4/N3 ratios for 277 different
tubular joints.
Figure 66 Tubular joint with large degree of cracking.
Figure 67 Fatigue test results including N2, N3 and N4
measured cycles.
Figure 68 Results of experimental tests on ultimate strength
of cracked tubu...
Figure 69 Wave height at system failure with increasing
number of component ...
 Figure 70 Model of patch corroded tubular member.
Figure 71 Patch corrosion profiles: (a) cut‐off, (b) rounded
and (c) sinusoi...
Figure 72 Experimental results of patch corroded tubulars.
Figure 73 Q‐Q plot comparing experimental and FEA
capacities of tubulars wit...
Figure 74 Q‐Q plot comparing experimental and NORSOK
N‐004 capacities of tub...
Figure 75 Capacity of unrepaired dented joints.
Figure 76 Q‐Q plot of results of laboratory tests versus
calculations accord...
Figure 77 Illustrative Q‐δ curve for a jacket structure with
an indicat...
Figure 78 Configurations of fixed offshore steel structures
(D: diagonal bra...
Figure 79 Illustrations of percentage of corrosion per area.
Figure 80 Fatigue crack growth rate curve.
Figure 81 Failure Assessment Diagram.
Chapter 8
Figure 82 Cumulative total of platforms by material versus
installation year...
Figure 83 Cumulative number of repairs normalised by
material population ver...
Figure 84 Frequency of repairs per structure year versus
water depth.
Figure 85 Fatigue test results for repair welded tubular
joints plotted in t...
Figure 86 Fatigue test results obtained for tubular joints
repaired by hole ...
Figure 87 Fatigue test results for tubular joints repaired by
grinding alone...
Figure 88 Capacity of repaired and unrepaired dented
tubulars based on Ricle...
Figure 89 Bolted clamp used on the Viking AD platform
after decommissioning....
Figure 90 Illustration of the process leading up to SMR.
Figure 91 Interrelationship between scenarios, SMR
schemes and SMR technique...
Figure 92 Repaired prism using grout for compression
testing (left) and repa...
Figure 93 First four levels of impact damage to concrete
slabs.
Figure 94 Slab GS1 after test, front and back‐face
(Department of Energy 199...
Figure 95 An overview of possible repair and mitigation
options (overload da...
Figure 96 Example of grinding repair.
Figure 97 Weld toe grinding.
Figure 98 Example of geometry after grinding to remove
deep cracks.
Figure 99 Fillet weld throat terminology.
Figure 100 Illustration of flush grinding of a butt weld.
Figure 101 Weld profiling.
Figure 102 Example of stop hole repair.
Figure 103 (a) Crack (b) stop hole (c) crack‐deflecting hole.
Figure 104 Example of a hyperbaric chamber and a diver
inside the habitat pe...
Figure 105 Example of a diver performing a wet weld.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Spenser's
Faerie Queene, Vol. 2 (of 2)
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Title: Spenser's Faerie Queene, Vol. 2 (of 2)

Books IV-VII

Author: Edmund Spenser

Editor: J. C. Smith

Release date: January 12, 2024 [eBook #72698]

Language: English

Original publication: Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPENSER'S

FAERIE QUEENE, VOL. 2 (OF 2) ***
 Transcriber’s note
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The previous volume is available as Project Gutenberg ebook #70717.
THE POETICAL WORKS OF EDMUND SPENSER

IN THREE VOLUMES

VOLUME III
 SPENSER’S
FAERIE QUEENE
EDITED BY

J. C. SMITH

VOLUME II: BOOKS IV-VII

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
 Oxford University Press, Amen House, London E.C.4

GLASGOW NEW
YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON
BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI LAHORE DACCA
CAPE TOWN SALISBURY NAIROBI IBADAN ACCRA
KUALA LUMPUR HONG KONG

FIRST PUBLISHED 1909

REPRINTED LITHOGRAPHICALLY IN GREAT BRITAIN
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD
FROM SHEETS OF THE FIRST IMPRESSION
1961, 1964
 CONTENTS.

THE SECOND PART OF THE

FAERIE QVEENE.
PAGE
BOOK
The Legend of Cambel and Telamond, or of Friendship 3
IV.
BOOK V. The Legend of Artegall, or of Ivstice 159
BOOK
The Legend of S. Calidore, or of Covrtesie 309
VI.
BOOK
Two Cantos of Mvtabilitie 454
VII.
A Letter of the Avthors to Sir Walter Raleigh 485
Commendatory Verses:
A Vision vpon this conceipt of the Faery Queene 488
Another of the same 488
To the learned Shepheard 489
Fayre Thamis streame, that from Ludds stately towne 490
Graue Muses march in triumph and with prayses 490
When stout Achilles heard of Helens rape 490
To looke vpon a worke of rare deuise 491
Dedicatory Sonnets:
To the right honourable Sir Christopher Hatton 492
To the right honourable the Lo. Burleigh 492
To the right Honourable the Earle of Oxenford 493
To the right honourable the Earle of Northumberland 493
To the right honourable the Earle of Cumberland 494
To the most honourable and excellent Lo. the Earle of
494
Essex
To the right Honourable the Earle of Ormond and
495
Ossory
 To the right honourable the Lo. Ch. Howard 495
To the right honourable the Lord of Hunsdon 496
To the most renowmed and valiant Lord, the Lord
496
Grey of Wilton
To the right honourable the Lord of Buckhurst 497
To the right honourable Sir Fr. Walsingham knight 497
To the right noble Lord and most valiaunt Captaine,
498
Sir Iohn Norris knight
To the right noble and valorous knight, Sir Walter
498
Raleigh
To the right honourable and most vertuous Lady, the
499
Countesse of Penbroke
To the most vertuous, and beautifull Lady, the Lady
499
Carew
To all the gratious and beautifull Ladies in the Court 500
Critical Appendix 501
 THE SECOND
PART OF THE
FAERIE QVEENE.
Containing

The Fovrth,
Fifth, and
Sixth Bookes.

By Ed. Spenser.
Imprinted at London for VVilliam
Ponsonby. 1596.
 THE FOVRTH
BOOKE OF THE
FAERIE QVEENE.

Containing

The Legend of Cambel and Telamond[1],

OR

OF FRIENDSHIP.
he rugged forhead that with graue foresight i
Welds[2] kingdomes causes, and affaires of state,
My looser rimes (I wote) doth sharply wite,
For praising loue, as I haue done of late,
And magnifying louers deare debate;
By which fraile youth is oft to follie led,
Through false allurement of that pleasing baite,
That better were in vertues discipled,
Then with vaine poemes weeds to haue their fancies fed.

Such ones ill iudge of loue, that cannot loue, ii

Ne in their frosen hearts feele kindly flame:
For thy they ought not thing vnknowne reproue,
Ne naturall affection faultlesse blame,
 For fault of few that haue abusd the same.
For it of honor and all vertue is
The roote, and brings forth glorious flowres of fame,
That crowne true louers with immortall blis,
The meed of them that loue, and do not liue amisse.

Which who so list looke backe to former ages, iii

And call to count the things that then were donne,
Shall find, that all the workes of those wise sages,
And braue exploits which great Heroes wonne,
In loue were either ended or begunne:
Witnesse the father of Philosophie,
Which to his Critias, shaded oft from sunne,
Of loue full manie lessons did apply,
The which these Stoicke censours cannot well deny.

To such therefore I do not sing at all, iv

But to that sacred Saint my soueraigne Queene,
In whose chast[3] breast all bountie naturall,
And treasures of true loue enlocked beene,
Boue all her sexe that euer yet was seene;
To her I sing of loue, that loueth best,
And best is lou’d of all aliue I weene:
To her this song most fitly is addrest,
The Queene of loue, and Prince of peace from heauen blest.

Which that she may the better deigne to heare, v

Do thou dred[4] infant, Venus dearling doue,
From her high spirit chase imperious feare,
And vse of awfull Maiestie remoue:
In sted thereof[5] with drops of melting loue,
Deawd with ambrosiall kisses, by thee gotten
From thy sweete smyling mother from aboue,
Sprinckle her heart, and haughtie courage soften,
That she may hearke to loue, and reade this lesson often.
 FOOTNOTES:
[1] Title 5 Telamond] Triamond II xxxi. l. 8 &c.
[2] i 2 Wields 1609
[3] iv 3 chaste 1609 passim
[4] v 2 dred] drad 1609
[5] 5 whereof 1609
 Cant. I.

Fayre Britomart saues Amoret,

Duessa discord breedes
Twixt Scudamour and Blandamour:
Their fight and warlike deedes.

Of louers sad calamities of old, i

Full many piteous stories doe remaine,
But none more piteous euer was ytold,
Then that of Amorets hart-binding chaine,
And this of Florimels vnworthie paine:
The deare compassion of whose bitter fit
My softened heart so sorely doth constraine,
That I with teares full oft doe pittie it,
And oftentimes doe wish it neuer had bene writ.

For from the time that Scudamour her bought ii

In perilous fight, she neuer ioyed day,
A perilous fight when he with force her brought
From twentie Knights, that did him all assay:
Yet fairely well he did them all dismay:
And with great glorie both the shield of loue,
And eke the Ladie selfe he brought away,
 Whom hauing wedded as did him behoue,
A new vnknowen mischiefe did from him remoue.

For that same vile Enchauntour Busyran, iii

The very selfe same day that she was wedded,
Amidst the bridale feast, whilest euery man
Surcharg’d with wine, were heedlesse and ill hedded,
All bent to mirth before the bride was bedded,
Brought in that mask of loue which late was showen:
And there the Ladie ill of friends bestedded,
By way of sport, as oft in maskes is knowen,
Conueyed quite away to liuing wight vnknowen.

Seuen moneths he so her kept in bitter smart, iv

Because his sinfull lust she would not serue,
Vntill such time as noble Britomart
Released her, that else was like to sterue,
Through cruell knife that her deare heart did kerue.
And now she is with her vpon the way,
Marching in louely wise, that could deserue
No spot of blame, though spite did oft assay
To blot her with dishonor of so faire a pray.

Yet should it be a pleasant tale, to tell v

The diuerse vsage and demeanure daint,
That each to other made, as oft befell.
For Amoret right fearefull was and faint,
Lest she with blame her honor should attaint,
That euerie word did tremble as she spake,
And euerie looke was coy, and wondrous quaint,
And euerie limbe that touched her did quake:
Yet could she not but curteous countenance to her make.

For well she wist, as true it was indeed, vi

That her liues Lord and patrone of her health
Right well deserued as his duefull meed,
 Her loue, her seruice, and her vtmost wealth.
All is his iustly, that all freely dealth:
Nathlesse her honor dearer then her life,
She sought to saue, as thing reseru’d from stealth;
Die had she leuer with Enchanters knife,
Then to be false in loue, profest a virgine wife.

Thereto her feare was made so much the greater vii

Through fine abusion of that Briton mayd:
Who for to hide her fained sex the better,
And maske her wounded mind, both did and sayd
Full many things so doubtfull to be wayd,
That well she wist not what by them to gesse[6],
For other whiles to her she purpos made
Of loue, and otherwhiles of lustfulnesse,
That much she feard his mind would grow to some excesse.

His will she feard; for him she surely thought viii
To be a man, such as indeed he seemed,
And much the more, by that he lately wrought,
When her from deadly thraldome he redeemed,
For which no seruice she too much esteemed,
Yet dread of shame, and doubt of fowle dishonor
Made her not yeeld so much, as due she deemed.
Yet Britomart attended duly on her,
As well became a knight, and did to her all honor.

It so befell one euening, that they came ix

Vnto a Castell, lodged there to bee,
Where many a knight, and many a louely Dame
Was then assembled, deeds of armes to see:
Amongst all which was none more faire then shee,
That many of them mou’d to eye her sore.
The custome of that place was such, that hee
Which had no loue nor lemman there in store,
Should either winne him one, or lye without the dore.
Amongst the rest there was a iolly knight, x
Who being asked for his loue, auow’d
That fairest Amoret was his by right,
And offred that to iustifie alowd.
The warlike virgine seeing his so prowd
And boastfull chalenge, wexed inlie wroth,
But for the present did her anger shrowd;
And sayd, her loue to lose she was full loth,
But either he should neither of them haue, or both.

So foorth they went, and both together giusted; xi

But that same younker soone was ouerthrowne,
And made repent, that he had rashly lusted
For thing vnlawfull, that was not his owne:
Yet since[7] he seemed valiant, though vnknowne,
She that no lesse was courteous then[8] stout,
Cast how to salue, that both the custome showne
Were kept, and yet that Knight not locked out,
That seem’d full hard t’accord two things so far in dout.

The Seneschall was cal’d to deeme the right, xii

Whom she requir’d, that first fayre Amoret
Might be to her allow’d, as to a Knight,
That did her win and free from chalenge set:
Which straight to her was yeelded without let.
Then since that strange Knights loue from him was quitted,
She claim’d that to her selfe, as Ladies det,
He as a Knight might iustly be admitted;
So none should be out shut, sith all of loues were fitted.

With that her glistring helmet she vnlaced; xiii

Which doft, her golden lockes, that were vp bound
Still in a knot, vnto her heeles downe traced,
And like a silken veile in compasse round
About her backe and all her bodie wound:
Like as the shining skie in summers night,
 What time the dayes with scorching heat abound,
Is creasted all with lines of firie light,
That it prodigious seemes in common peoples sight.

Such when those Knights and Ladies all about xiv

Beheld her, all were with amazement smit,
And euery one gan grow in secret dout
Of this and that, according to each wit:
Some thought that some enchantment faygned it;
Some, that Bellona in that warlike wise
To them appear’d, with shield and armour fit;
Some, that it was a maske of strange disguise:
So diuersely each one did sundrie doubts deuise.

But that young Knight, which through her gentle deed xv

Was to that goodly fellowship restor’d,
Ten thousand thankes did yeeld her for her meed,
And doubly ouercommen, her ador’d:
So did they all their former strife accord;
And eke fayre Amoret now freed from feare,
More franke affection did to her afford,
And to her bed, which she was wont forbeare,
Now freely drew, and found right safe assurance theare.

Where all that night they of their loues did treat, xvi
And hard aduentures twixt themselues alone,
That each the other gan with passion great,
And griefull[9] pittie priuately bemone.
The morow next so soone as Titan shone,
They both vprose, and to their waies them dight:
Long wandred they, yet neuer met with none[10],
That to their willes could them direct aright,
Or to them tydings tell, that mote their harts delight.

Lo thus they rode, till at the last they spide xvii

Two armed Knights, that toward them did pace,
 And ech of them had ryding by his side
A Ladie, seeming in so farre a space,
But Ladies none they were, albee in face
And outward shew faire semblance they did beare;
For vnder maske of beautie and good grace,
Vile treason and fowle falshood hidden were,
That mote to none but to the warie wise appeare.

The one of them the false Duessa hight, xviii

That now had chang’d her former wonted hew:
For she could d’on so manie shapes in sight,
As euer could Cameleon[11] colours new;
So could she forge all colours, saue the trew.
The other no whit better was then shee,
But that such as she was, she plaine did shew;
Yet otherwise much worse, if worse might bee,
And dayly more offensiue vnto each degree.

Her name was Ate, mother of debate, xix

And all dissention, which doth dayly grow
Amongst fraile men, that many a publike[12] state
And many a priuate oft doth ouerthrow.
Her false Duessa who full well did know,
To be most fit to trouble noble knights,
Which hunt for honor, raised from below,
Out of the dwellings of the damned sprights,
Where she in darknes wastes her cursed daies and nights.

Hard by the gates of hell her dwelling is, xx

There whereas all the plagues and harmes abound,
Which punish wicked men, that walke amisse:[13]
It is a darksome delue farre vnder ground,
With thornes and barren brakes enuirond round,
That none the same may easily out win;
Yet many waies to enter may be found,
 But none to issue forth when one is in:
For discord harder is to end then to begin.

And all within the riuen walls were hung xxi

With ragged monuments of times forepast,
All which the sad effects of discord sung:
There were rent robes, and broken scepters plast,[14]
Altars defyl’d, and holy things defast[15],
Disshiuered speares, and shields ytorne in twaine,
Great cities ransackt, and strong castles rast,
Nations captiued, and huge armies slaine:
Of all which ruines there some relicks did remaine.

There was the signe of antique Babylon, xxii

Of fatall Thebes, of Rome that raigned long,
Of sacred Salem, and sad Ilion,
For memorie of which on high there hong
The golden Apple, cause of all their wrong,
For which the three faire Goddesses did striue:
There also was the name of Nimrod strong,
Of Alexander, and his Princes fiue,
Which shar’d to them the spoiles that he had got aliue.

And there the relicks[16] of the drunken fray, xxiii

The which amongst the Lapithees befell,
And of the bloodie feast, which sent away
So many Centaures drunken soules to hell,
That vnder great Alcides furie fell:
And of the dreadfull discord, which did driue
The noble Argonauts to outrage fell,
That each of life sought others to depriue,
All mindlesse of the Golden fleece, which made them striue.

And eke of priuate persons many moe, xxiv

That were too long a worke to count them all;
Some of sworne friends, that did their faith forgoe;
 Some of borne brethren, prov’d vnnaturall;
Some of deare louers, foes perpetuall:
Witnesse their broken bandes there to be seene,
Their girlonds rent, their bowres despoyled all;
The moniments whereof there byding beene,
As plaine as at the first, when they were fresh and greene.

Such was her house within; but all without, xxv

The barren ground was full of wicked weedes,
Which she her selfe had sowen all about,
Now growen great, at first of little seedes,
The seedes of euill wordes, and factious deedes;
Which when to ripenesse due they growen arre,
Bring foorth[17] an infinite increase, that breedes
Tumultuous trouble and contentious iarre,
The which most often end in bloodshed and in warre.

And those same cursed seedes doe also serue xxvi

To her for bread, and yeeld her liuing food:
For life it is to her, when others sterue
Through mischieuous debate, and deadly feood,
That she may sucke their life, and drinke their blood,
With which she from her childhood had bene fed.
For she at first was borne of hellish brood,
And by infernall furies nourished,
That by her monstrous shape might easily be red.

Her face most fowle and filthy was to see, xxvii

With squinted eyes contrarie wayes intended,
And loathly mouth, vnmeete a mouth to bee,
That nought but gall and venim comprehended,
And wicked wordes that God and man offended:
Her lying tongue was in two parts diuided,
And both the parts did speake, and both contended;
And as her tongue, so was her hart discided,
That neuer thoght one thing, but doubly stil was guided.
Als as she double spake, so heard she double, xxviii
With matchlesse eares deformed and distort,
Fild with false rumors and seditious trouble,
Bred in assemblies of the vulgar sort,
That still are led with euery light report.
And as her eares so eke her feet were odde,
And much vnlike, th’one long, the other short,
And both misplast; that when th’one forward yode,
The other backe retired, and contrarie trode.

Likewise vnequall were her handes twaine, xxix

That one did reach, the other pusht away,
That one did make, the other mard againe,
And sought to bring all things vnto decay;
Whereby great riches gathered manie a day,
She in short space did often bring to nought,
And their possessours often did dismay.
For all her studie was and all her thought,
How she might ouerthrow the things that Concord wrought.

So much her malice did her might surpas, xxx

That euen th’Almightie selfe she did maligne,
Because to man so mercifull he was,
And vnto all his creatures so benigne,
Sith she her selfe was of his grace indigne:
For all this worlds faire workmanship she tride,
Vnto his last confusion to bring,
And that great golden chaine quite to diuide,
With which it blessed Concord hath together tide.

Such was that hag, which with Duessa roade, xxxi

And seruing her in her malitious vse,
To hurt good knights, was as it were her baude,
To sell her borrowed beautie to abuse.
For though like withered tree, that wanteth iuyce,
She old and crooked were, yet now of late,
 As fresh and fragrant as the floure deluce
She was become, by chaunge of her estate,
And made full goodly ioyance to her new found mate.

Her mate he was a iollie youthfull knight, xxxii

That bore great sway in armes and chiualrie,
And was indeed a man of mickle might:
His name was Blandamour, that did descrie
His fickle mind full of inconstancie.
And now himselfe he fitted had right well,
With two companions of like qualitie,
Faithlesse Duessa, and false Paridell,
That whether were more false, full hard it is to tell.

Now when this gallant with his goodly crew, xxxiii

From farre espide the famous Britomart,
Like knight aduenturous in outward vew,
With his faire paragon, his conquests part,
Approching nigh, eftsoones his wanton hart
Was tickled with delight, and iesting sayd;
Lo there Sir Paridel, for your desart,
Good lucke presents you with yond louely mayd,
For pitie that ye want a fellow for your ayd.

By that the louely paire drew nigh to hond: xxxiv

Whom when as Paridel more plaine beheld,
Albee in heart he like affection fond,
Yet mindfull how he late by one was feld,
That did those armes and that same scutchion weld,
He had small lust to buy his loue so deare,
But answerd, Sir him wise I neuer held,
That hauing once escaped perill neare,
Would afterwards afresh the sleeping euill reare.

This knight too late his manhood and his might, xxxv
I did assay, that me right dearely cost,
 Ne list I for reuenge prouoke new fight,
Ne for light Ladies loue, that soone is lost.
The hot-spurre youth so scorning to be crost,
Take then to you this Dame of mine (quoth hee)
And I without your perill or your cost,
Will chalenge yond same other for my fee:
So forth he fiercely prickt, that one him scarce could see.

The warlike Britonesse her soone addrest, xxxvi

And with such vncouth welcome did receaue
Her fayned Paramour, her forced guest,
That being forst his saddle soone to leaue,
Him selfe he did of his new loue deceaue:
And made him selfe thensample of his follie.
Which done, she passed forth not taking leaue,
And left him now as sad, as whilome iollie,
Well warned to beware with whom he dar’d to dallie.

Which when his other companie beheld, xxxvii

They to his succour ran with readie ayd:
And finding him vnable once to weld,
They reared him on horsebacke, and vpstayd,
Till on his way they had him forth conuayd:
And all the way with wondrous griefe of mynd,
And shame, he shewd him selfe to be dismayd,
More for the loue which he had left behynd,
Then that which he had to Sir Paridel resynd.

Nathlesse he forth did march well as he might, xxxviii

And made good semblance to his companie,
Dissembling his disease and euill plight;
Till that ere long they chaunced to espie
Two other knights, that towards them did ply[18]
With speedie course, as bent to charge them new.
Whom when as Blandamour approching nie,
Perceiu’d to be such as they seemd in vew,
He was full wo, and gan his former griefe renew.

For th’one of them he perfectly descride, xxxix

To be Sir Scudamour, by that he bore
The God of loue, with wings displayed wide,
Whom mortally he hated euermore,
Both for his worth, that all men did adore,
And eke because his loue he wonne by right:
Which when he thought, it grieued him full sore,
That through the bruses of his former fight,
He now vnable was to wreake his old despight.

For thy he thus to Paridel bespake, xl

Faire Sir, of friendship let me now you pray,
That as I late aduentured for your sake,
The hurts whereof me now from battell stay,
Ye will me now with like good turne repay,
And iustifie my cause on yonder knight.
Ah Sir (said Paridel) do not dismay
Your selfe for this, my selfe will for you fight,
As ye haue done for me: the left hand rubs the right.

With that he put his spurres vnto his steed, xli

With speare in rest, and toward him did fare,
Like shaft out of a bow preuenting speed.
But Scudamour was shortly well aware
Of his approch, and gan him selfe prepare
Him to receiue with entertainment meete.
So furiously they met, that either bare
The other downe vnder their horses feete,
That what of them became, themselues did scarsly weete.

As when two billowes in the Irish sowndes, xlii

Forcibly driuen with contrarie tydes
Do meete together, each abacke rebowndes
With roaring rage; and dashing on all sides,
 That filleth all the sea with fome, diuydes
The doubtfull current into diuers wayes:
So fell those two in spight of both their prydes,
But Scudamour himselfe did soone vprayse,
And mounting light his foe for lying long vpbrayes.

Who rolled on an heape lay still in swound, xliii

All carelesse of his taunt and bitter rayle,
Till that the rest him seeing lie on ground,
Ran hastily, to weete what did him ayle.
Where finding that the breath gan him to fayle,
With busie care they stroue him to awake,
And doft his helmet, and vndid his mayle:
So much they did, that at the last they brake
His slomber, yet so mazed, that he nothing spake.

Which when as Blandamour beheld, he sayd, xliv

False faitour Scudamour, that hast by slight
And foule advantage this good Knight dismayd,
A Knight much better then thy selfe behight,
Well falles it thee that I am not in plight
This day, to wreake the dammage by thee donne:
Such is thy wont, that still when any Knight
Is weakned, then thou doest him ouerronne:
So hast thou to thy selfe false honour often wonne.

He little answer’d, but in manly heart xlv

His mightie indignation did forbeare,
Which was not yet so secret, but some part
Thereof did in his frouning face appeare:
Like as a gloomie cloud, the which doth beare
An hideous storme, is by the Northerne blast
Quite ouerblowne, yet doth not passe so cleare,
But that it all the skie doth ouercast
With darknes dred[19], and threatens all the world to wast.
Ah gentle knight,[20] then false Duessa sayd, xlvi
Why do ye striue for Ladies loue so sore,
Whose chiefe desire is loue and friendly aid
Mongst gentle Knights to nourish euermore?
Ne be ye wroth Sir Scudamour therefore,
That she your loue list loue another knight,
Ne do your selfe dislike a whit the more;
For Loue is free, and led with selfe delight,
Ne will enforced be with maisterdome or might.

So false Duessa, but vile Ate thus; xlvii

Both foolish knights, I can but laugh at both,
That striue and storme with stirre outrageous,
For her that each of you alike doth loth,
And loues another, with whom now she goth
In louely wise, and sleepes, and sports, and playes;
Whilest both you here with many a cursed oth,
Sweare she is yours, and stirre vp bloudie frayes,
To win a willow bough, whilest other weares the bayes.

Vile hag (sayd Scudamour) why dost thou lye? xlviii

And falsly seekst a vertuous wight to shame?
Fond knight (sayd she) the thing that with this eye
I saw, why should I doubt to tell the same?
Then tell (quoth Blandamour) and feare no blame,
Tell what thou saw’st, maulgre who so it heares.
I saw (quoth she) a stranger knight, whose name
I wote not well, but in his shield he beares
(That well I wote) the heads of many broken speares.

I saw him haue your Amoret at will, xlix

I saw him kisse, I saw him her embrace,
I saw him sleepe with her all night his fill,
All manie nights, and manie by in place,
That present were to testifie the case.
Which when as Scudamour did heare, his heart