ASSIGNMENT 1

Identities

LEVEL - A
1. Let x be a real number. If a = 2011x + 9997. B = 2011x + 9998 and c = 2011x + 9999. Find the value
of a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca
2. If a + b = 1, a2 + b2 = 2, find the value of a7 + b7.
3. Given that the real number a, b satisfy a3 + b3 + 3ab = 1, find a +b.
4. Given that a3 + b3 + c3 = (a+ b + c)3, prove that for any natural number n
a 2n +1 + b 2n +1 + c 2n +1 = ( a + b + c )
2n +1
.
5. The polynomial: x6 + 18x3 + 125, admits
(a) No factor of degree between 2 and 5
(b) x2 – 3x + 5 as a factor
(c) x + 1 as a factor
(d) x – 125 as a factor
6. Given 14 (a2 + b2 +c2) = (a + 2b + 3c)2, find the ratio a : b : c.
Find the minimum value of M = 3x − 8xy + 9y − 4x − 2y + 7 (where x, y are real numbers).
2 2
7.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 15
2 2 2
x y z
8. If = = = 2, then value of c + b + a is
by + cz cz + ax ax + by 2c + z 2b + y 2a + x
1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 4 (d)
2 4
 1 1 1 
9. If xy + yz + zx = 0 , then the value of  2 + 2 + 2  is
 x − yz y − zx z − xy 
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) x + y + z
10. If a, b, c, d > 0 and a 4 + b 4 + c 4 + d 4 = 4abcd, prove that a = b = c = d.

LEVEL - B
11. Given a + b = c + d and a + b = c + d2. Prove that a 2009 + b2009 = c2009 + d 2009 .
2 2 2

( ) ( )
2
12. If a + b + c = 0, prove that 2 a 4 + b4 + c 4 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 .
13. Suppose the real number x and y satisfy the equations x3 – 3x2 + 5x = 1 and y3 – 3y2 + 5y = 5
Find x + y.
14. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a2 + b2 = c2 + d2 and a2 + d2 – ad = b2 + c2 + bc. Find
ab + cd
the value .
ad + bc
15. a, b, c are real numbers such that, ab + bc + ca = -1. Prove a2 + 5b2 8c2 ≥ 4.
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Answers Key
1. 3 2. 71/8 3. 1,2 5. b 6. 1:2:3 7. c

3
8. b 9. (b) 13. 2 14.
2

Video Solution Links

1 https://youtu.be/Fp1_Al2BbbU
2 https://youtu.be/TDLnNwCvdQA
3 https://youtu.be/fKetuSmgphA
4 https://youtu.be/7N_eXYBIC_Q
5 https://youtu.be/aTeg4gOBF5I
6 https://youtu.be/_JbVypKHO8I
7 https://youtu.be/n8cFM7L7BOY
8 https://youtu.be/16uuSqCWOIs
9 https://youtu.be/vje3HBbexSk
10 https://youtu.be/ZUElqOeo_hI
11 https://youtu.be/_dsHz7zMTuA
12 https://youtu.be/donPUxsRjqo
13 https://youtu.be/-cipSdckVa8
14 https://youtu.be/B4viyjR0ZZ4
15 https://youtu.be/z6TZWra1D3M

Solutions
LEVEL - A
1. Let x be a real number. If a = 2011x + 9997. B = 2011x + 9998 and c = 2011x + 9999. Find the value
of a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca
Sol: We have
1
a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca =  [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
2
1
=  ( −1) + ( −1) + 22  = 3
2 2

2  
2. If a + b = 1, a + b = 2, find the value of a7 + b7.
2 2
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Sol: 2ab = 1 − 2 = −1
a 4 + b4 = ( a 2 + b2 ) − 2a 2 b 2
2

1 7
= 4 − 2 =
4 2
 1 5
a 3 + b 3 = 1 − 3  −  (1) =
 2 2
a 7 + b7 = ( a 4 + b 4 )( a 3 + b3 ) − a 3b3 ( a + b )
3
7 5 1 35 1 71
=  −   (1) = + =
2 2 2 4 8 8
3. Given that the real number a, b satisfy a3 + b3 + 3ab = 1, find a +b.
(a + b) − 3ab ( a + b ) = a 3 + b3
3
Sol:
(a + b) − 3ab ( a + b ) = 1 − 3ab
3

x 3 − 3abx = 1 − 3ab
x 3 − 3abx + 3ab − 1 = 0
(x 3
− 1) − 3ab ( x − 1) = 0

( x − 1) ( x 2 + x + 1 − 3ab ) = 0
x = +1  a + b = 1
OR x + x + 1 − 3ab = 0
2

a 2 + b 2 − ab + a + b + 1 = 0
( a − 1) + ( b − 1) + ( a − b ) = 0
2 2 2

a = b =1
a+b = 2
4. Given that a3 + b3 + c3 = (a+ b + c)3, prove that for any natural number n
a 2n +1 + b 2n +1 + c 2n +1 = ( a + b + c )
2n +1
.
(a + b + c) − a 3 − b3 − c3 = 3 ( a + b )( b + c )( c + a ) = 0
3
Sol:
b = −a or b = −c or c = −a
 a 2n +1 + b 2n +1 + c2n +1 = ( a + b + c )
2n +1

for all three cases.

5. The polynomial: x6 + 18x3 + 125, admits
(a) No factor of degree between 2 and 5
(b) x2 – 3x + 5 as a factor
(c) x + 1 as a factor
(d) x – 125 as a factor
Ans: (b)
Sol: Putting,
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x6 + 18x3 + 125 = x6 + 125 – 27x3 + 45x3

(x2)3 + 53 – (3x)3 – 3 × 5 × (- 3x) × x2
Clearly (x2 + 5 – 3x) is one of the factor.
6. Given 14 (a2 + b2 +c2) = (a + 2b + 3c)2, find the ratio a : b : c.
14 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) = ( a + 2b + 3c )
2
Sol:
13a 2 + 10b 2 + 5c2 − 4ab − 6ac − 12bc = 0
( 2a − b ) + ( 3a − c ) + ( 3b − 2c ) = 0
2 2 2

2a = b;3a = c;3b = 2c
a : b : c = a : 2a :3a = 1: 2:3
Find the minimum value of M = 3x − 8xy + 9y − 4x − 2y + 7 (where x, y are real numbers).
2 2
7.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 15
Ans. (c)
Sol: M = 2 ( x 2 − 4xy + 4y 2 ) + x 2 − 4x + 4 + y 2 − 2y + 1 + 2

= 2 ( x − 2y ) + ( x − 2 ) + ( y − 1) + 2  0
2 2 2

x2 y2 z2
8. If = = = 2, then value of c + b + a is
by + cz cz + ax ax + by 2c + z 2b + y 2a + x
1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 4 (d)
2 4
Ans: (b)
x2 y2 z2
Sol: we have, = = = 2,
by + cz cz + ax ax + by
x2 ax 2 ax 2a
Consider, =2 = 2a  = ,
by + cz by + cz by + cz x
by + cz x by + cz x
 =  +1 = + 1
ax 2a ax 2a
by + cz + ax x + 2a ax 2a
 =  =
ax 2a by + cz + ax x + 2a
ax
2 a
 = ...(i)
by + cz + ax x + 2a
by
2 b
similarly, = …(iv)
by + cz + ax x + 2b
cz
2 c
and , = …(iii)
by + cz + ax z + 2c
adding (i), (ii), and (iii) we get
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a b c 1 ( ax + by + cz ) 1
+ + = =
x + 2a y + 2b z + 2c 2 ( ax + by + cz ) 2
 1 1 1 
9. If xy + yz + zx = 0 , then the value of  2 + 2 + 2  is
 x − yz y − zx z − xy 
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) x + y + z
Ans: (b)
Sol: We have, xy + yz + zx = 0
 x 2 − yz = x ( x + y + z )
Similarly, y2 − zx = y ( x + y + z ) and z 2 − xy = z ( x + y + z )
1 1 1
 + 2 + 2
x − yz y − zx z − xy
2

1 1 1
= + +
x (x + y + z) y (x + y + z) z (x + y + z)
1  1 1 1   yz + zx + xy 
= + + = =0  xy + yz + zx = 0
( x + y + z )  x y z   xyz 
1 1 1
 + 2 + 2 =0
x − yz y − zx z − xy
2

10. If a, b, c, d > 0 and a 4 + b 4 + c 4 + d 4 = 4abcd, prove that a = b = c = d.

Sol: We rewrite the given equality in the form a 4 + b4 + c4 + d 4 − 4abcd = 0 , and use the technique for
completing squares, then
0 = a 4 + b 4 + c 4 + d 4 − 4abcd
= (a 4
− 2a 2 b 2 + b 4 ) + ( c 4 − 2c 2d 2 + d 4 ) + ( 2a 2 b 2 + 2c 2d 2 − 4abcd )

= ( a 2 − b2 ) + ( c2 − d 2 ) + 2 ( ab − cd )
2 2 2

Therefore a 2 − b 2 = 0, c 2 − d 2 = 0 , ab − cd = 0. Since a, b, c, d > 0, so a = b, c = d, and

a 2 = c2 ,i.e. a = c. Thus a = b = c = d.
LEVEL – B
11. Given a + b = c + d and a2 + b2 = c2 + d2. Prove that a 2009 + b2009 = c2009 + d 2009 .
Sol: a +b = c+d … (1)
a + b + 2ab = c + d + 2cd
2 2 2 2

ab = cd (2)
a + b − 2ab = c + d − 2cd
2 2 2 2

a − b =  (c − d) (3)
From 1 and 3
2a = 2c
a=c
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b=d
or 2a = 2d
a=d
b=c
( ) ( )
2
12. If a + b + c = 0, prove that 2 a 4 + b4 + c 4 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 .
Sol: a + b = -c
a 2 + b2 + 2ab = c2
a 2 + b 2 − c2 = 2ab
a 4 + b4 + c4 + 2a 2 b2 − 2b2c2 − 2a 2c2 = 4a 2 b2
a 4 + b4 + c2 = 2a 2 b 2 + 2b 2c2 + 2a 2c2
2 ( a 4 + b 4 + c4 ) = a 4 + b 4 + c 4 + 2 ( a 2 b 2 + b 2c 2 + a 2c 2 )

= ( a 2 + b 2 + c2 )
2

13. Suppose the real number x and y satisfy the equations x3 – 3x2 + 5x = 1 and y3 – 3y2 + 5y = 5
Find x + y.
Sol:

14. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a2 + b2 = c2 + d2 and a2 + d2 – ad = b2 + c2 + bc. Find
ab + cd
the value .
ad + bc
Sol:
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15. a, b, c are real numbers such that, ab + bc + ca = -1. Prove a2 + 5b2 + 8c2 ≥ 4.
Sol: a2+5b2+8c2-4 = a2+5b2+8c2+4(ab+bc+ca)
= (a+2b+2c)2 + b2 + 4c2 – 4bc
= (a+2b+2c)2 + (b – 2c)2
0
Hence, a 2 + 5b 2 + 8c 2  4