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The TCP/IP protocol suite is essential for computer networking, providing a common messaging format for communication between systems. It consists of multiple layers, including the Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application layers, each serving specific functions in data transmission and routing. TCP ensures reliable communication by breaking messages into segments, while UDP offers a faster but less reliable alternative.

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Zannah Sumayyah
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2 views

Assignment

The TCP/IP protocol suite is essential for computer networking, providing a common messaging format for communication between systems. It consists of multiple layers, including the Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application layers, each serving specific functions in data transmission and routing. TCP ensures reliable communication by breaking messages into segments, while UDP offers a faster but less reliable alternative.

Uploaded by

Zannah Sumayyah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Abubakar Lawal

A00024036
INF 332

TCP/IP(transmission control protocol/ internet protocol) protocol suite summary.

In computer networking, computers should have a common messaging format, which will
serve as a building block for communication. This is where TCP/IP comes in.
It is a network model designed to support network communication, It is a set of protocols
that support network communication. A network is a connection of two connected systems
sharing data with the help of NIC(Network interface cards). At the same time,
communication is the process of sharing information from one system to another.
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, TCP breaks messages into smaller data units called
segments. Then, it sends them to IP, which directs the broken-down segments to their final
destination. The TCP module in the receiver's system combines the segments to form the
message; another alternative to TCP is UDP (User Datagram Protocol). The difference
between the two is that TCP is more reliable but slow, while UDP is less reliable but fast.
TCP/IP consists of multiple protocols at different layers, which are the application layer, the
Transport layer, the Network layer, the data link and the Physical layer
The Physical Layer: In this layer, information is actually transmitted, and the protocol used is
Ethernet.
The data link layer: There are two sublayers present, and they are the MAC and LLC sub-
layers.
The Network layer adds IP addresses to form IP packets and uses routers to distribute them.
This layer performs logical addressing, routing, and path determination.
The Transport Layer: The transport layer receives messages from the application layer, and
the protocol TCP breaks it down into segments. Then, the three-way TCP connection
Handshake is established, and then the data transfer phase and then the last phase, Four-
way handshake process.
The Application Layer: In this layer, user applications are used to pass messages from one
computer to another in a network. It provides a means to access information on the
internet.

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