Cloud Computing And Its Future

A Project Report

Submitted to
Department of Computer Science

Sifal School

Sifal, Kathmandu, Nepal

Submitted By
Himanshu Gautam

Roll No.: 25034

February 11, 2025

 Acknowledgment

It is necessary to thank all of the people who have contributed to the creation of this project
on cloud computing. I would like to extend my gratitude to my Aakash Das sir, for his
guidance which were helpful. I am also grateful to all my friends for the support that they
gave me. Further, I thank the authored and researchers whose work was used to develop the
basis of this research. Finally, there is my family for their support and patience during this
process.

Name: Himanshu Gautam

Roll No.: 25034
Date: February 11, 2025

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 Letter of Approval

This is to certify that this project prepared by NAME OF THE STUDENT HIMANSHU
GAUTAM entitled “CLOUD COMPUTING AND ITS FUTURE" has been well studied.
In our opinion, it is satisfactory in the scope and quality of a project for the required
academic level.

Evaluation Committee

........................... ...........................
Supervisor External Examiner
Aakash Das Name Surname

Date: February 11, 2025

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 Abstract

Also known as ‘on-demand computing’, cloud computing has emerged as a game-changing

model through which organizations can conveniently obtain centralized and shared IT
services through the Internet technology. This paper presents the state-of-art in cloud
computing, its pillars and the forces that have led to its adoption. In addition, it outlines the
expectations for future trends of the development of cloud technologies and improvements
that are to be expected. With reference to previous studies, and with the use of sound
methodology, this study seeks to contribute to the understanding of the possibilities of cloud
computing and its effects on businesses and society. Based on these findings, it can be,
therefore, predicted that edge computing, AI integration or the future cloud computing will
be indeed a crucial phase marked by innovations such as security measures among others.
Keywords: On-demand computing; cloud computing; IT services; Internet technology;
state-of-the-art; cloud technologies; future trends; AI integration; edge computing; security
measures;innovations; methodology

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 Chapter I

1 Introduction
Cloud computing is undoubtedly one of the most revolutionary technologies in the 21st
century which offers computing resources over the internet in a more flexible and effective
manner for business, government and individual uses. Cloud computing on the other hand
is an internet-based computing strategy that makes it possible for the users to get services
without making large investments on hardware. The idea of shifting from CapEx to OpEx
has made computational power easily accessible to everyone, and this characteristic is
making cloud services spread rapidly across all sectors.
That is in fact the concept that makes cloud computing to offer flexible capability that
can be quickly provisioned and rapidly released in varying sizes for storage, processing,
bandwidth, and software. This is done through Virtualization, distributed computing and
improved and efficient networks technologies. cloud services are carried out through
data centers that are distributed globally making the service highly available coupled with
redundancy in the instance that the local hardware fails.

1.1 Service Models

Cloud computing primarily operates under three service models:Cloud computing primarily
operates under three service models:

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Presents computing resources that are virtualized

and are accessible through the World Wide Web.

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides the necessary hardware and software in-
struments through the internet with a special reference to application development
.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS): Provides its software applications to the clients over
the internet through subscribing the required service plans 1).

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1.2 Deployment Models

1. Public Cloud: Services are delivered over the public internet and shared across
organizations .

2. Private Cloud: Exclusive cloud environment dedicated to a single organization .

3. Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to
be shared between them .

1.3 Future of Cloud Computing

There are several future developments seen to define the future of cloud computing. Ap-
plications such as Internet of Things(IoT), self-driving cars, and smart cities will benefit
from edge computing and fog computing as they will minimize latency by performing most
computation near the site of origin. This shift will be further boosted by the implementation
of 5G networks in the near future. On the same development aspect, it is worth stating that
further incorporation of AI/ML into cloud platforms will allow for even more sophisticated
Cloud services analytics, automation, and real-time action. These technologies along with
improved security layers such as blockchain will make cloud services more efficient, secure
and effective.

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 Chapter II

2 Objectives
1. To Understand the Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

2. To Investigate the Current Trends and Adoption of Cloud Computing:

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 Chapter III

3 Methodology
1. Data Collection: Secondary data was mainly obtained from peer reviewed articles,
business and industry periodicals, journals, white papers and reputed Internet-based
sources. Famous databases which include IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and
Google Scholar were used to find recent and relevant data on the trends and technology
on cloud computing.

2. Data Analysis: These data was sorted and analyzed according to certain categories like
service models, deployment models, factors influencing adoption of cloud computing
and future outlook. In order to review the data, pattern matching, comparison of
similarities and differences were observed in between them. This method helped in
finding out some of the new trends that may probably be thought to be the future of
cloud computing.

3. Research: This project makes use of a qualitative research and therefore combines
between an exploratory as well as the descriptive study, to assess the current position
and potential of the cloud computing. It therefore uses research articles as well as
the opinion of knowledgeable personnel in order to provide a coherent picture of the
topic under discussion.

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 Chapter IV

4 Results and Findings

4.1 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the process of delivering different types of computing services, such
as servers, storage options, databases, networking resources, software applications, and
analytic tools, over the internet. Cloud computing is really a transformational technology
that has dramatically altered the traditional concept of IT infrastructure and has facilitated
organizations to expand their businesses without investing heavily in physical hardware and
on-premise systems. By leveraging cloud services, businesses will be able to optimize their
resources, gain greater flexibility, and quickly respond to changes in the marketplace. It
would further provide increased efficiency at value. Since scalability up or down, based
on the needs of the time, is possible, companies can strategize the budget allocations for
innovation and growth rather than the maintenance of infrastructure. Consequently, cloud
computing enables not only a more agile business environment but also allows organizations
to leverage advanced technologies that, for many, were out of reach due to costs.There are 3
core service models.They are:

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources over the

internet, allowing users to rent servers and storage.

• Platform as a Service (PaaS): Offers a platform that enables developers to build, test,
and deploy applications without managing the underlyin

• Software as a Service (SaaS): Provides software applications via the internet, such as
email, collaboration tools, and CRM software.

There are also other clouds such as Public, Private and Hybrid clouds.

• Public Cloud: Services are offered by third-party providers and shared among multiple
customers.

• Private Cloud: Cloud services are maintained on a private network, offering greater
control over security and compliance.

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 • Hybrid Cloud: A mix of both, allowing businesses to utilize both private and public
clouds, optimizing workloads based on their specific needs.

4.2 Current Trends in Cloud Computing:

• Cloud Technology Adoption Grows as More Businesses Choose Cloud-Native Ap-

plications: Cloud-native applications designed specifically for cloud systems attract
more companies because they deliver superior scalability and performance compared
to traditional software.

• AI and Machine Learning: AI and ML stand out as vital components within mod-
ern cloud service solutions. AI and ML technologies deliver more intelligent data
processing while building personalized user experiences together with enhancing
operational efficiency.

• The Growth of Edge Computing: The Internet of Things (IoT) has created numerous
connected devices which generate substantial amounts of data. Data processing at its
source through edge computing reduces delays and decreases internet traffic issues.
Real-time data processing applications depend heavily on this important approach.

• Serverless Computing: Serverless architecture is gaining traction at an incredible

pace, allowing developers to create and deploy applications without the hassle of
managing server infrastructure. This approach not only cuts down on operational
costs but also significantly speeds up development time.

• Cloud Security Advancements: As cloud adoption grows, the need for robust security
solutions becomes more critical. Technologies such as end-to-end encryption, Zero
Trust architecture, and multi-factor authentication are becoming standard practice to
ensure the protection of sensitive data in the cloud.

4.3 Adoption of Cloud Computing:

• Enterprise Adoption: More and more enterprises are migrating their IT infrastructure
to the cloud, reaping the benefits of flexibility and scalabilityoffered by cloud plat-
forms. This transformation is being driven by major playerssuch as AWS, Microsoft
Azure, and Google Cloud.

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 • SMB Adoption: Signs indicate that an increasing number of businesses are adopting
cloud solutions, providing these small- and medium-sized organizations access to
advanced technologiesthat would normally have been out of reach if implemented
on-premise. This democratization of technology helps SMBs to improve productivity
and concentrate on corebusiness functions.

• Vertical-Specific Cloud Offerings: Cloud providers are increasingly offering industry-

specific cloud solutions, suchas cloud platforms for healthcare, finance, and education
that cater to unique compliance and operational needs.

4.4 Predicted Future Trends

• AI-Powered Cloud Services: The future is bright with AI weaving seamlessly into
cloud platforms. This marriage allows businesses to unearth valuable insights and
streamline processes. Imagine smarter chatbots guiding customer service or predictive
analytics foreseeing trends—AI is about to redefine our workflows.

• Greater Focus on Sustainability: As our planet calls for more eco-conscious choices,
cloud providers are stepping up. They’re embracing energy-efficient data centers
and working tirelessly to shrink carbon footprints. With these greener options, both
businesses and the environment stand to gain.

• Edge and 5G Networks: The fusion of 5G and edge computing is unlocking a

world of possibilities. Picture lightning-fast applications transforming industries like
autonomous driving, healthcare, and smart cities. This synergy promises innovations
we’ve only dreamt of.

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 Chapter V

5 Conclusion
Our exploration of cloud computing and its future has produced remarkable findings. The
research revealed fundamental concepts and current patterns along with industry-wide
adoption trends of cloud technologies. Businesses have experienced transformative benefits
from cloud computing because it delivers flexible scalable solutions together with cost
reductions that are essential to remain competitive in today’s fast-tech environment.
Our research revealed multiple emerging trends which will direct the path of cloud com-
puting. AI and ML integration together with edge computing and serverless architectures
stand out as key trends. These breakthroughs are propelling cloud platforms forward so
businesses can harness new possibilities to innovate and boost efficiency and speed. Busi-
nesses will fuel cloud computing growth through their increasing adoption of cloud-native
technologies as well as hybrid and multi-cloud strategies and industry-specific solutions.
Cloud computing will drive future developments across industries and societies. Users
will benefit from AI-enhanced cloud services while cloud solutions will become greener
and cloud systems more interconnected. The advancement of edge computing and 5G
network deployments will create new opportunities for immediate real-time data processing
and innovative solutions. uture depends on cloud computing functioning as an accelera-
tor. The positive impact of cloud computing will intensify across businesses and society
while advancing digital world capabilities for innovation through enhanced efficiency and
flexibility.

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 Chapter VI

6 References
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2. Benlian, A., Koufaris, M., Hess, T. (2011). Service quality in software-as-a-service:

Developing the SaaS-Qual measure and examining its role in usage continuance. Jour-
nal of Management Information Systems, 28(3), 85–126. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-
1222280303

3. Marinescu, D. C. (2017). Cloud computing: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). Morgan
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0-12-812810-7

4. Rountree, D., Castrillo, I. (2013). The basics of cloud computing: Understanding the
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