爱徳思 A-Level 物理分级测试

1 Which of the following quantities is given by the area under a velocity-time graph?
A acceleration
B displacement
C speed
D time taken
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 Which of the following quantities is a vector?

A energy
B mass
C momentum
D power
(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

3 Which of the following best describes the situations in which Stokes’ Law applies for
objects moving in a fluid?
A all spherical objects moving at low speeds
B all spherical objects in a fluid with low viscosity
C small spherical objects moving at low speeds
D small spherical objects in a fluid with low viscosity
(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

4 A sample of a material is in the form of a wire. The material has a large value of the
Young modulus. Which of the following statements best describes the material?
A A large force per unit cross-sectional area is required to break the wire.
B The mass per unit volume is large.
C The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain is large.
D After removing a large stress the sample returns to its original length.
(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)
5 A rubber band is initially stretched by an increasing force. When the force is gradually decreased,
the rubber band returns to its original length. The force-extension graph for the rubber band is shown.

P, Q and R represent different areas of the graph.

Which of the following gives the work done in stretching the rubber band up to its
maximum extension?
AP+Q
BQ+R
CR
DQ
(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

6 A proton and an electron have equal kinetic energies. The speed of the proton is v.
The mass of a proton is 2000 times greater than the mass of an electron.
Which of the following expressions gives the speed of the electron?
A √2000 ×v
B V/√2000
C V/2000
D 2000×v
(Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)

7 Which of the following pairs of quantities could be used to calculate the speed of a wave?
A amplitude and frequency
B amplitude and wavelength
C period and frequency
D period and wavelength
(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)

8 A negative temperature coefficient thermistor and a fixed resistor are connected in a circuit, as
shown.

The temperature of the thermistor increases.

Which row of the table shows the changes to the ammeter and voltmeter readings as the temperature
increases?

Ammeter reading Voltmeter reading

A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases

(Total for Question 8 = 1 mark)

9 The graphs show how current I varies with potential difference V for three components.
Which of the following components is not represented by any of the three graphs?
A diode
B filament bulb
C negative temperature coefficient thermistor
D ohmic conductor
(Total for Question 9 = 1 mark)

10 A ray of light is incident on a glass block, as shown.

Which of the following does not occur when the ray of light is incident on the
glass block?
A diffraction
B polarisation
C reflection
D refraction
(Total for Question 10 = 1 mark)
11 Which of the following units is equivalent to the volt?
A C s–1
B J s–1
C J C–1
DJs
(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

12 Which row of the table describes the mass and charge of an anti-proton?
Mass / kg Charge / C
A 1.67×10−27 1.6×10−19

B 1.67×10−27 −1.6×10−19

C −1.67×10−27 1.6×10−19

D −1.67×10−27 −1.6×10−19

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

13 The diagram shows the shape of the electric field pattern between two charged particles, X and
Y.

X has a charge of –Q.

Which of the following could be the charge of Y?
A –Q
B –2Q
C +Q
D +2Q
(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)
14 The SI unit of magnetic flux density is the tesla. Which of the following gives the base units of
the tesla?
A NA–1 m –1
B NC–1 m2
C kg A–1 s –2
D kg C–1 s –1
(Total for Question 14 = 1 mark)

15 An object of mass m has momentum p and kinetic energy E.

Which of the following is the mass of an object with momentum 2p and kinetic energy 4E?
A 1/2 m
B m
C 2m
D 4m
(Total for Question 15 = 1 mark)

16 Fission and fusion are both nuclear processes.

Which of the following statements is correct for both processes?
A No harmful radiation is produced.
B Nuclear binding energy increases.
C Very high temperatures are required.
D The process can occur spontaneously.
(Total for Question 16 = 1 mark)

17 A radioactive source is placed a few centimetres away from a detector.

When a sheet of paper is placed between the source and the detector there is no change in the
count rate. When a lead sheet of thickness 0.5cm is placed between the source and the detector the
count rate is reduced to the background rate. Which of the following is emitted by the source?
A alpha and gamma radiation
B beta and gamma radiation
C beta radiation only
D gamma radiation only
(Total for Question 17 = 1 mark)

18 The engine of a motor boat provides a constant horizontal force. As the velocity of the boat
increases, the resultant horizontal force on the boat decreases. Eventually the boat will travel at its
terminal velocity.
The constant horizontal force from the engine is 5.5 kN.
(a) State what is meant by a resultant force.
(1)
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(b) At a certain time the drag force on the boat is 3.1 kN. Calculate the acceleration of the boat at
this time. mass of boat = 7.5×103 kg
(2)
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Acceleration = ........................................................

(c) The terminal velocity of the boat is 4.8 m s–1. Calculate the output power of the engine.
(2)
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....Output power = ........................................................
(Total for Question 18 = 5 marks)

19 A student carried out an experiment to determine the Young modulus of constantan.

The student had a constantan wire with cross-sectional area A of 3.97×10–7 m2 .
The unstretched length x of the wire was 4.00 m.
(a) The student had enough slotted masses to apply a weight of up to 150 N to the wire.
The breaking stress for constantan is about 420 MPa.
Deduce whether the wire could support a weight of 150 N.
(3)
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(b) The student added slotted masses to the wire and determined the corresponding extensions.
The student plotted a graph of force against extension, as shown.
(i) Show that the stiffness of the wire is about 1.3×104 N m–1.
(2)
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(ii) The relationship between the stiffness k of the wire and the Young modulus E is
given by
where x is the unstretched length of the wire and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire. Determine
a value for the Young modulus of constantan using the student’s data.
(2)
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...Young modulus = ........................................................
(Total for Question 19 = 7 marks)

20 A boy was throwing a ball towards a wall. The wall was 5.00 m from the boy. The top of the
wall was 3.00m above the point where the boy released the ball.
The boy tried to throw the ball over the wall but sometimes the ball hit the wall.
In one attempt, the boy threw the ball with an initial velocity of 9.70 m s–1 at an angle to the
horizontal of 49.0°, as shown.

(a) Show that the ball travelled the distance to the wall in about 0.8s.
(3)
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(b) Deduce whether or not the ball went over the wall for this attempt.
(4)
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(Total for Question 20 = 7 marks)

21 A railway engine is pushing a truck along horizontal rails at a constant velocity, as shown.

The engine exerts a forward force of 1.2×105 N on the truck. The engine also exerts a net backwards
force of 1.5×105 N on the rails.
(a) Complete the free-body force diagram to show all the forces acting on the engine.
(4)

(b) A student suggests that the weight and the normal reaction force form a Newton’s third law
pair of forces.
Explain why the student’s suggestion is not correct. Your answer should include reference to the
features of a Newton’s third law pair of forces.
(5)
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(Total for Question 21 = 9 marks)

22 A cyclist is moving up a slope at a constant speed. The angle of the slope to the horizontal is
4.0°, as shown.

As the cyclist pedals, there is a constant forward force on the bicycle of 150 N. The cyclist travels
215 m along the slope.
(a) Show that the work done by the cyclist is about 3×104 J.
(2)
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(b) The cyclist must do work against the force of gravity and air resistance.
(i) Calculate the work done by the cyclist against air resistance.
mass of cyclist and bicycle = 90 kg
(4)
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Work done against air resistance = ........................................................

(ii) State one assumption that must be made when calculating the work done against air resistance.
(1)
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(c) At the top of the slope, the road becomes horizontal. The cyclist continues to pedal with the
same force.
Explain how the speed of the cyclist changes as the road becomes horizontal.
(2)
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(Total for Question 22 = 9 marks)

23 A student carries out an experiment to determine the e.m.f. ε and internal resistance r of an
electrical cell, using a circuit containing an ammeter and a voltmeter.
(a) Draw a diagram of a circuit that can be used for this experiment.
(3)
(b) The student plotted a graph of the terminal potential difference V of the cell against
the current I in the cell, as shown.

Explain how ε and r for the cell can be determined from this graph.
(4)
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(Total for Question 23 = 7 marks)

24 A student sets up the circuit shown with a cell of negligible internal resistance.
The ammeter displays a current of 0.14A.
(a) Calculate a value for the resistance of the resistor R.
e.m.f. of the cell = 1.54V
(4)
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Resistance = .......................................................

(b) The student made the 9.0 Ω resistor using a thin copper wire with a diameter of 0.15 mm.
(i) Show that the cross-sectional area of this wire was about 2 × 10–8 m2 .
(2)
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(ii) Calculate the length of copper wire used by the student. resistivity of copper = 1.68 × 10–8 Ω m
(2)
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...Length of copper wire = .......................................................

(iii) Calculate the drift velocity of the electrons in this copper wire. number of charge carriers per
unit volume = 8.49 × 1028 m–3
current in copper wire = 0.14A
(2)
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...Drift velocity = .......................................................
(Total for Question 24 = 10 marks)

25 The human ear can only hear two sounds as separate frequencies when the difference in
frequency between the sounds is greater than 0.3%.
Sounds with a difference in frequency less than 0.3% are heard as the same frequency.
(a) Two sounds with frequencies of 880Hz and 882Hz are produced.
(i) Show that the person hears these two sounds as the same frequency.
(2)
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(b) A wire is stretched between two fixed points. The wire is made to vibrate and a stationary
wave is created. This produces a sound wave in the air.
The fixed ends of the wire act as nodes (N). There is an antinode (A) in the middle of the wire, as
shown.
A wire of length 18.7 cm produces a sound with a frequency of 882Hz.
The tension in the wire is adjusted until the frequency of the sound is 880Hz.
Calculate the decrease in tension required to cause this change in frequency.
mass per unit length of wire = 5.08 × 10–3 kg m–1
(4)
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Decrease in tension = .......................................................
(Total for Question 25 = 6 marks)

26 An optical fibre consists of a core material surrounded by a material of lower refractive

index called cladding.
A ray of light approaches the boundary between the core and the cladding, as shown.

(a) (i) Show that the critical angle for light incident on the boundary between the core and
cladding is about 75°.
(3)
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(ii) Explain what will happen to the ray of light after it meets the boundary between the core and
cladding.
The diagram is drawn to scale and you should use a measurement taken from the diagram.
(3)
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(b) The path of another ray of light through the core of the optical fibre is shown.

(i) Calculate the time taken for light to travel in a straight line along 70.0km of this optical fibre.
(3)
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Time taken = .......................................................

(ii) Light may escape from the core into the cladding when the optical fibre is curved.
A student suggests that using cladding with a lower refractive index would lead to less light
escaping from the core.
Explain why the student’s suggestion is correct.
(2)
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(Total for Question 26 = 11 marks)

27 A student directed light from a laser so that the light was incident on a diffraction grating at
90°. The student placed a screen a distance x from the grating and observed a series of bright
maxima of order n on the screen.
The student determined the value of θ1 shown on the diagram.

The angle θ1 is 14.0°.

(a) Calculate the angle θ2 .
(2)
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...θ2 = .......................................................

(b) The student measured θ for values of n from 1 to 4.

Describe how a graphical method can be used to determine the wavelength of the light from the
laser. Assume that the value of the grating spacing d is known.
(3)
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(c) In a separate experiment, the student uses a different diffraction grating that has been labelled
as “300 lines per mm” by another student. The distance measured on the screen between the n = 0
maximum and the n = 2 maximum is 0.397 m.
Deduce whether the labelling of the diffraction grating is correct.
distance x from diffraction grating to screen = 2.00 m
wavelength of laser light = 650 nm
(4)
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 (Total for Question 27 = 9 marks)

28 Alpha particles were chosen by Rutherford for large-angle scattering experiments.

(a) Explain why alpha particles are more suitable for these experiments compared to beta particles
or gamma rays.
(3)
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(b) The scaled diagram shows two equipotential lines in the electric field around a gold nucleus.

(i) Sketch lines to show the electric field between these two lines of equipotential.
(3)

(ii) The 40V line is drawn to scale correctly. Deduce whether the 10V equipotential line is in the
correct scaled position.
(3)
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(iii) An alpha particle moves from the +10V potential to the +40V potential.
Calculate the increase in the potential energy of the alpha particle in eV.
(3)
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Increase in potential energy = ...................................................... eV
(Total for Question 28 = 12 marks)

29 Hockey is a sport played with a stick and a ball. The player tries to hit the ball with part of the
stick called the ‘heel’, as shown.

(a) The player swings her stick so that the heel moves horizontally in a circle of radius 0.80 m
across the ground, as shown below.
It takes a time of 0.22 s for the heel to move through an angle of 1.3 radians. Calculate the speed
of the heel.
(3)
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....Speed of heel = ......................................................

(b) A ball has a speed of 13 m s–1. The heel has a momentum pheel of 3.0 Ns, in the direction of
the dashed line, as shown. The heel collides with the ball and stops.
The speed of the ball after being hit by the heel is 16 m s–1.

(i) Deduce whether momentum is conserved for this collision by completing the vector diagram
below. A scaled line representing pheel is shown. mass of ball = 160 g
(5)
(ii) Deduce whether the collision is elastic. speed of heel before collision = 5.0 m s–1
(4)
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(Total for Question 29 = 12 marks)

30 Mass spectrometry is used to determine the masses of different isotopes of an element.

Atoms of the isotopes are ionised and accelerated. They pass through a velocity selector and into a
region with a uniform magnetic field, as shown.

(a) An ion accelerator uses an electron beam to ionise atoms of oxygen gas. The positive ions are
then accelerated across a high potential difference between an anode and a cathode, as shown in the
diagram below. The cathode has a hole in it so that the accelerated ions may pass in a fine beam to
the velocity selector.

(i) The electric field strength between the anode and cathode is 7.5×105 V m–1.
Calculate the potential difference between the anode and cathode.
(2)
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...Potential difference = ......................................................

(ii) A stationary oxygen ion is formed half-way between the anode and cathode with a charge of
+1.6×10–19 C.
Show that the velocity of the ion as it passes through the hole in the cathode is about 5×105 m s–1.
mass of oxygen ion = 2.7×10–26 kg
(4)
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(b) Oxygen ions enter the velocity selector with a range of velocities. The velocity selector allows
ions with a specific velocity to travel in a straight line, as shown.
Plate P is positive and plate Q is negative.

(i) A uniform electric field between the plates acts on an oxygen ion. A uniform magnetic field acts
so that the magnetic force on the oxygen ion is in the opposite direction to the electric force.
Explain the direction of the magnetic field.
(2)
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..(ii) The velocity selector is used to produce a beam of oxygen ions travelling in a straight line
with a speed of 5.0 × 105 m s–1.
Calculate the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field that is required. electric field strength
between plates = 10500 N C–1
(3)
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Magnetic flux density = ......................................................
(c) After passing through the velocity selector, a beam of oxygen ions with the same velocity enters
a region of uniform magnetic flux density. Different isotopes of oxygen can be present in the beam.
Explain why the detector will only detect one particular isotope.
(3)
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(Total for Question 30 = 14 marks)

31 A student learns that the energy required to heat water for a bath can be 10 times the energy
required to heat water for a shower.
The student uses a shower for 9 minutes. The water comes out of the shower at 38 °C at a flow
rate of 1.8×10–5 m3 s–1. The student usually fills the bath with 160 kg of water at 32 °C.
Deduce whether the bath uses 10 times more energy than using the shower.
initial temperature of water = 15 °C
density of water = 1.00×103 kg m–3
specific heat capacity of water = 4.18×103 J kg–1 K–1
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(Total for Question 11 = 5 marks)

32 Due to the gravitational attraction of the Moon, the water level of the oceans rises and falls
producing tides. The Bay of Fundy in Canada has one of the highest tides in the world.
The graph shows how the water level in one location in the Bay of Fundy varied with
time over a 7-day period.
(a) Determine the period T of the water level, in hours.
(3)
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T = ...................................................... hours
(b) Due to the shape of the Bay of Fundy, the natural period of oscillation of water in the bay is
between 12 and 13 hours. Explain why unusually high tides are observed in the bay.
(3)
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(Total for Question 14 = 6 marks)