UNIVERSITYINTERSCHOLASTIC

LEAGUE

2013Ͳ2014

COMPUTERAPPLICATIONS
HANDBOOK

UNIVERSITYINTERSCHOLASTICLEAGUE
 MAKINGAWORLDOFDIFFERENCE

ContactInformation

OnmostSaturdayswhileyou'regradinginvitationaltests,I'mavailableinmyoffice(830.367.3825),
orthephonemessagewilldirectyoutomycellphone.Ifyouhitaroadblockinyourgradingand
wantamediator,don'thesitatetocall.Thegoalsofthetestsareasfollows:
1. Havealevelplayingfield.
2. Have a level of difficulty so that the top places are earned, not just decided with a
tiebreaker.
3. Enablethestudentstobecomevery,verycompetentinthispowerfulpackage.
I'malsoavailableduringtheweekatthesamenumberorbyemail:[email protected].Thisisyour
contest.Welistentoalltheinputfromboththecompetitorsandthecoaches.Wewanttoweld
thisintothebestpossiblecontest.Let'sworktogethertomakethisapositiveexperienceaswe
movethroughthistransition. LindaTarrant,ContestDirector

ComputerApplicationsHandbook
Written&editedbyLindaTarrant

Pleasecontactuswithanyquestions,suggestions,problems,orcommentsonthebook.
HEXCOACADEMIC.•POBox199•Hunt,TX78024
Info:(830)367Ͳ3825•Fax(830)367Ͳ3824
email:[email protected]
www.hexco.com

UNIVERSITYINTERSCHOLASTICLEAGUE
MAKINGAWORLDOFDIFFERENCE
PleasecontactUILforadditionalcopiesoftheHandbook.
Box8028ͲUniversityStation
Austin,TX78713Ͳ8028
)(512)471Ͳ5883)
[email protected]
www.uiltexas.org/academics
 WhattoExpectfor2013Ͳ2014

UUsea"currentornearcurrentversionofMicrosoftOffice"

Again,forthe2013Ͳ2014schoolyear,wewillwriteandtakealltestsinMicrosoftOffice2007or2010.Ifschoolsare
usingMicrosoftOffice2013,wewillalsotaketestsinthisversion.NoversionsolderthanOffice2007willbeacceptable
forthiscontest.ThewordprocessingelementmustbedoneinWord;spreadsheetelements,inExcel;anddatabase
elements,inAccess.Gradersmaychecksaveddevicestoascertainthattheappropriateelementofatestwasdone
intheappropriateapplicationpackage(i.e.ifadatabaseelementwasexecutedentirelyinExcel,itshouldnotbe
graded).However,somestudentsmaychoosetostartinExcel,manipulatecalculations,andthentaketheoutputof
thespreadsheettoAccesstocompleteprocessing.Thisisacceptableunlessatestspecificallyasksthatformulasfrom
Accessbeprinted.Inthiscase,Excelformulaswillnotbeaccepted.Besurethatallfeaturesareinstalledinallthe
Microsoftapplications,andthattheyareupdated.

UDownloadableLessonPlansontheUILwebsite

TointegratemoreofthepartsoftheComputerApplicationContestintoyourclassrooms,UILhasfiveseparateLesson
Plansthataredownloadablefromtheirwebsite:http://www.uiltexas.org/academics/computerͲapplications.
Topicscoveredincludethefollowing:
Lesson1ͲSimplifyingtheIF Lesson4ͲFieldCodesforTextͲDateͲTime
Lesson2ͲDate&Time Lesson5ͲFieldCodesforNumbers
Lesson3ͲUpdateQueriesandtheExpressionBuilder

UFrequentlyAskedQuestionsontheUILwebsite

Toprovidesupporttocoachesforthiscontest,weaddedfrequentlyaskedquestionsrecently,andthesehaveextensive
explanationsathttp://www.uiltexas.org/files/academics/ComApps_FAQ.pdfforthefollowingquestions.
WhyshouldstudentsparticipateinUIL? Whendograderslookatastudent'sflashdrive?
Howdomystudentsearnbetterscores? Wherearethecontestrulesposted?
IfIhavequestions,whodoIcontact? CanIteachcontestantsintheclassroom?
Whathappensataninvitationalmeet? WheredoIfindpracticematerials?...andmore

UConstitution&ContestRules

ThefollowingchangeshavebeenincludedintheC&CRinrecentyears.
" CoachesandparticipantsareresponsibleforcontestinformationintheComputerApplicationsHandbook,
whichispublishedannuallyandavailablethroughUIL.
" AcurrentornearcurrentversionofMicrosoftOfficeisspecifiedforuse,andthespecificversionstobeused
areidentifiedintheannualComputerApplicationsHandbook.
" Acontestantmaybedisqualifiedifacoachdoesnotgrade.

UComputerApplicationHandbook

ThisComputerApplicationsHandbookcontainsanexpansionofrulesforparticipationintheComputerApplications
Contest,instructionsforconductingacontest,anddataspecifictothiscontest.Participantsareexpectedtoknowall
theinformationinthishandbook.Ourintentistosimplifyandorganizetheamountofinformationrequiredtobe
memorizedfromtheKeyboardingQuickReferenceGuide,whichisstillavalidreference.

Studentshouldmaketemplatesofeachofthedocumentformats,shouldknowhowacontestisconducted,andshould
knowhowtohandleasystemorprintermalfunctioninacontest.

StudentsshouldbeabletouseallfunctionsforOffice2007.TheyneednotunderstandhowPMT,COS,ATAN,STD,etc.
work,buttheyshouldbeabletouseanyfunction.FunctionnamesarenotallthesameinAccessandExcel.
 UUsingDownloadableFiles

The Region and State Meet used large downloaded files for the test. Coaches and students were instructed to
downloadthefilesfromtheUILwebsitepriortothemeet,andaflashdrivewasavailableatthemeettocopyfilesto
students'computersforthosewhohadnotdoneso.Thereweremultipletablesinthedownloadedfilewithalarge
numberofrecords.Theprocessworkedwell,andthegradingwasmorerapidthanusual.The2014RegionandState
MeetswilluseadownloadablefilethatwillbepostedinJanuaryontheUILwebsite.

Thecurrentfilethatwasdownloadedhadmultipletables.Notestwillusealltheavailabletables,buttheywilldefine
whichtablesaretobeusedforagiventest.

UStateMeetSurvey

ThesurveydistributedtocoachesandcompetitorsattheStateMeethadthefollowingquestions,andtheresults
areexplained.Therewere28coachesand30competitorswhosubmittedsurveys,whichisabouthalfofthe
participantsand/ortheircoaches.

Howdidgradinggoatyourcompetitionsthisyear?(Theseweresimilartolastyear'sresults.)
32%ͲGreat 61%ͲBetter 7%ͲAwful
Didthedifficultylevelofthetestsprogressatanacceptablerate?(Theseweresimilartolastyear'sresults.)
InvA&B 24%"TooEasy" 75%"Okay" onepersonchecked"TooHard"
Dist1&2 11%"TooEasy" 82%"Okay" 8%"TooHard"
Region 6%"TooEasy" 89%"Okay" 5%"TooHard"
DidyouhaveanyproblemsdownloadingorusingthedownloadedfilesatRegion?Onlyonereportedproblem.
Somedidn'tknowaheadoftime,butinstalledfileattheregionsite.
Whatisyouropinionoftheuseofdownloadedfiles?Positive:Mostcommentswereverypositiveaboutreduced
typos,easeofgrading,morelikearealͲworldapplication,morefocusonthepoweroftheprograms.
Negative:Studentsshouldhavetocreatetables;fasttypistsnolongerhaveadvantage.
WhatversionofOfficeisused?2007Ͳ44%2010Ͳ53%2013Ͳ3%
WhatdoyouwishwewouldcoverinthefallStudentActivitiesConferences(SAC)?
Pivottables Gradingexplanation/example Formattingareport
WordͲmergeformatting Shortcuts LookupinExcelfromAccessfile
Prioryear'sStatetest Calculatedfieldsinreports Instructionsontakingatest
MoreAccess QueriesinAccess

Whatdoyouwishweweredoingdifferently?
DownloadedfilesbeforeRegion Moretrainingonwebsite Lesstimeforsetup
Morepracticewithdownloadfile Widervarietyoflayouts/formats Computerizedgrading
Fewerexamples Embeddedtables SQLandVBAtypesofskills
FewerstepͲbyͲstepinstructions Nopointsfordefaultitems

Whatareyourotherconcerns?
Documentformatsantiquated Leavelastyear'sfilesonweb WatchforblueͲtooth/wireless
Createdatabase+downloads Supplyflashdrivesfordownload capabilities

Thankstoallwhotookthetimetosubmitsurveys!Wereadeveryone,weanalyze,andwecontinuetomake
changestoimprovethiscontest.Students,remember,thiscontestbelongstoyou,nottome,nottoyourcoach.
Ifyouhaveideas,letmeknow. LindaTarrant,ContestDirector[email protected]
 TableofContents

I. CommentaryontheConstitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
II. ComputerApplicationsTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
III. Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
IV. OptionalMaterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
V. Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
VI. EquipmentMalfunctionduringaContest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
VII. ConductingaContest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
VIII. GradingProcedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
IX. VerificationPeriod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
X. Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
UnboundReport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
LeftͲboundReport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
BusinessReport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
OptionalReportElements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
XI. MemorandumFormats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
StandardMemorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SimplifiedMemorandumFormat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
XII. LetterFormats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
BlockLetter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
ModifiedBlockLetter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PersonalͲBusinessLetterͲBlocked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PersonalͲBusinessLetterͲModifiedBlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SimplifiedLetterͲBlocked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
XIII. SecondPageofLetterorMemorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
XIV. LetterParts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
ConventionalPartsofaLetter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
OptionalLetterFeatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
PunctuationConventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ProofreadersMarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
LetterPlacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
XV. Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
AppendixA.ContestInstructionsandScoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
AppendixB.Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
AppendixC.Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
 ComputerApplicationsHandbook
I. CommentaryontheConstitution

The Computer Applications Contest focuses on speed, skill, and accuracy using three computer
applications,wordprocessing,database,andspreadsheet,andontheintegrationoftheseapplications.The
majorrecentchangesintheConstitutiondealwithlimitingthecontesttoMicrosoftOffice,includingExcel,
Access,andWord,requiringcoachestograde,requiringcontestdirectorstogivecoachescopiesofthetest
totakeatthesametimestudentsaretakingthetest,andrequiringthatcoachesandcompetitorshavea
student'sprintouts,scoringsheet,andacopyoftestandanswerkeysavailableduringVerification.
Forquestions,corrections,orsuggestionsconcerningthisHandbook,theUILInvitationalTests,District
Tests,RegionalTestsorStateTests,ortheComputerApplicationscontest,pleasecontactthedirector,Linda
Tarrant,Box199,Hunt,TX78024,(830)367Ͳ3825.

II. ComputerApplicationsTests

Withtheshorttimeframe(30minutes),mosttestswillrequirethattwodocumentsbecreatedand
printed.Occasionally,athirdprintoutmayberequiredonatest.
Thetiebreakermaybeatimedtypingtest,usuallyjustcreationofaWorddocument.The5minutes
allottedforthiselementofthecontestincludesstudents'timespentreadingthetest,settingup,and
enteringtherequiredinformation.WhentimeiscalledbytheContestDirector,tiebreakerswillbeprinted
astheDirectorinstructs.TheDirectormayinstructhalfofthestudentstostartprintingatonetimeandwait
until their printing is complete before requesting the remaining half to print their output. This is
recommendedforlargegroupswheretheuseofsomanyprintersatonetimewouldtesttheelectrical
capacityofafacility.

III. Software

UIL has limited the Computer Applications contest to a single software package, Microsoft Office,
includingExcel,Access,andWord.Nootherapplicationpackageisanoption.

AcurrentornearlycurrentversionofMicrosoftOfficeisacceptable.TestsarewritteninOffice.The
databaseelementoftestswillberuninAccess.ContestantsmaynolongeruseExcelasaquasidatabase.

IV. OptionalMaterial

"Help"filesstoredonyourcomputermaybeused,andstudentsmaygeneratetheirownhelpfilesand
templatesofletters,memos,reports,etc.Helpfilesareavailableinmostapplicationsandtypicallyinclude
searchcapabilitiestolookforkeywordsandselecttopicalinformation.Studentsmay,however,createtheir
ownhelpfilessothattheycontainspecificinformationthatiseasilyaccessedonsuchtopicsasletter
formats,memoformats,reports,punctuation,letterplacement,etc.Ofcourse,customhelpfileswillnot
beavailableonequipmentsuppliedattestsites.
"Templates" are sample letters, memos, reports, or documents that are already formatted with
appropriatemargins,layouts,spacing,andplacementfordate,insideaddress,salutation,bodyofletters,
complimentaryclose,referenceinitialandthelike.Aseparatetemplatemaybecreatedforeachtypeof
documentforwhichstudentsareresponsible.
Studentsmaymaketheirowntemplatesandstorethemonharddrives;thiscanbeassimpleasany
documentsaved.Templatesprovidedbywordprocessorsmightneedtobemodifiedforthespecificmargins

2
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

andformatsoftheUILͲdefineddocuments.Commercialkeyboardoverlaysorkeyboardtemplatesmaybe
usedduringthecontest,butnouserpreparedoverlays.
Nothingextraneousmayremaininthecontestroomduringacontest,includingComputerApplications
Handbook,KeyboardQuickReferenceGuide,anynotes,overlays,etc.
V. Equipment

Asinthepast,equipmentmaynotbeshared.EACHSTUDENTMUSTHAVEAFULLYOPERATIONAL
SYSTEMTOCOMPETE.Thatis,eachstudentmusthavethefollowing:
• Laptopornotebookwithappropriatecables
• Printerwithappropriatecables(Becertaintohavebackupprintcartridgesincaseitisneeded.)
• Savingdevice,suchaswritableCD,floppydisk,orflashdrive(notanexternalharddrive)
• Optionallyastudentmayhaveanexternalkeyboard/keypadandamouse(Bewaryofwireless
keyboardsandmouseunitsasbatteriescangooutandsomehaveaffectedanearbycomputer's
mouse/keyboard.)
Ifsomethingismissingorinoperativebeforethecontest,thestudentorhisorhercoachshouldtrytorepair
theproblemorborrowacomponentfromanothercontestantorcoachtoreplacethe malfunctioning
componentbeforethecontestbegins.Nocomponentsmaybeshared.Thisincludesanyswitchedprinters
thatwouldbeconnectedtotwoormorecomputersusedbycontestantsviaaswitchingdeviceorcable.
Networkedcomputerlabswithcommonprintermaynotbeused.

VI. EquipmentMalfunctionduringaContest

& PrinterMalfunction.Ifastudent'ssystemandprinterwasentirelyoperationalbeforethecontest
beganandprinterdifficultyisexperiencedduringthecompetition,heorsheshouldraiseahandand
advisetheContestDirectorwhocanthenaskanassistanttohelpresolvetheproblemimmediately,
ifpossible.Ifthemalfunctioncannotberesolvedafterapproximatelyfiveminutes,thestudent
shouldresumeworkonthetest,andtheContestDirectorshouldassignanassistantafterthe
contesttostaywiththestudentwhileheorsheprintstheoutputfromasavedfile.Thiscaneither
beonadifferentprinteroradifferentcomputer.However,anassistantthatis"unrelated"tothe
studentmustremainwiththestudentduringtheentireprintingperiod;noadditionaleditingor
alterationsmaybedone;andtheDirectormusthavebeenapprisedoftheproblemduringthe
competition,notafterthecontest,andanassistantmusthavespentsometimeaddressingthe
problemduringthetest.Ifastudentdoesnotattemptanyprintingpriortothelasttwominutesand
thenhasaprintermalfunction,thesameprocedureisinstitutedtoadvisetheContestDirectorand
seekhelp.However,printingofeverythingintheprintqueuemaybedone,butonlyoneprintout
may be submitted for grading. DO NOT WAIT UNTIL THE TWOͲMINUTE WARNING TO PRINT
OUTPUTS.

& OtherEquipment Malfunction.Astudentshouldraisehisorherhandifanyotherequipment

problemsareexperiencedduringthecontest.Anassistantcanthenattempttoresolvetheproblem.
Ifthestudentcancontinuewiththecomponentmalfunctioning,thisisacceptable,butifthesystem
isinoperativeandtheproblemcannotberesolved,thestudentcanturninonlywhatheorshe
completedbeforetheequipmentproblem.Iftheworkhasbeensavedontoadiskette,CD,orflash
drive,itcanbeprintedonanothercomputerafterthecontestinthesamemannerdescribedabove
underPrinterMalfunction.Astudentmaynotcompletethecontestatalatertimeonadifferent
computer.

3
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

VII. ConductingaContest

& SeeAppendixAforthe4Ͳpage"InstructionsandScoring."Theseinstructionsareincludedwiththe
Invitational,District,Region,andStateTestssentbyUIL.Becertainthatcoachesandcontestants
alikeunderstandtheserulessothatanydeviationfromtheproposedoperationofthiscontestcan
beresolvedwiththeContestDirector.
& Notethatcoachesshouldbegivenatestwhentheyaredismissedfromthecontestroomsothat
theycantakethetestindividuallyoringroupsatthesametimestudentsaretakingthetests,albeit,
inadifferentlocation.
& Donotallowawarmupperiodduringthecontest.(Anywarmupcanbedonebystudentsafterthey
havesetuptheirequipmentandbeforetheconteststarts.)
& Neverallowstudentsfromthesameschooltositinadjacentlocations.
& Fortimingacontest,haveanaccurateclockortimingdevice.Giveawarningtothecontestantsten
minutesbeforetimewillbecalled.GiveasecondwarningtwoͲminutesbeforecallingtime.
& Studentsshouldbeencouragedtosavetheirworkfrequently.Itismuchfastertosavetoahard
drive,butstudentsshouldsavetoafloppyorCD(seePrinterMalfunctionsection).
& Studentsshouldbeencouragedtodoublechecktheirdataentryforaccuracy.Makingatypoona
numericfieldcancausemultipleerrorswhenthefieldisusedforcalculationsandtotals.
& If a student turns in an extra page for a printout (i.e. not a second page because a document
wouldn'tfitononepage),thegradershouldarbitrarilyselectthetopprintout.Ifonepageisa
graph/chartandtheotheradocumentthatwasintendedtohaveagraph/chartembedded,the
twocanbegradedasone.Thestudentwillgetcreditforhavingthechart,butheorshewilllose
pointsfornotembeddinginthedocument.
& Gradingstopswhereastudentstoppedtyping.Remindstudentsthatitisinadvisabletojumpahead
totheComplimentaryCloseofaletterbeforethedocumentiscompletedsincethiswillcause
graderstotakepointsoffformissingwordsinthedocument.Ifatemplateisused,everythingpast
astudent'slastentereddataisignored.(i.e.Ifacontestantstoppedtypinginthemiddleofaletter,
gradingstopsatthatpoint.Inthiscase,partsoftheComplimentaryCloseandReferenceInitialsmay
appearcorrect,butthesearenotgraded.However,ifastudentskippedtothebottomofaletter
withoutcompletingthedocumentandchangedtheSender'sName,theneverythingissubjectto
typosuptoSender'sName.)

VIII. GradingProcedures

Directorsmustusecoachesforgrading.Thisisatediousprocess,butifcoacheshavetakenthetest
whilestudentsareworking,andthesecoachesareusedasgraders,theverificationprocessissimplified.
• Becertainthatacoachneverscoreshis/herownstudent'spaperorreviewsitduringgrading.(AtState,
the5Acoachesgradethe2Apapers,the4Acoachesgradethe3Apapers,etc.)
• AllofthePrintout1'sforatestshouldbescoredbygradersatthesametimetoallowresolutionof
problems as they are encountered by the entire group. This helps to minimize questions during
VerificationPeriod.
• AllPrintout2'sshouldbescoredbythegradersatthesametime.
• Three graders should grade each test, and a fourth grader should tally test scores andresolve
discrepancieswiththegrader(s)thatmightdisagreeonspecificpointsoraskforresolutionfromthe
ContestDirector.
• Duetodifferencesbetweenprinters,allowaleast¼"error.RulersmayNOTbeusedbythestudentsor
bythegraders,hencethisisnecessarilyanestimatedamount.Bendinthedirectionofleniencyon
margins.

4
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
• Sincemanyproportionalfontsmakeitdifficulttotellwhethertwospacesareleftbetweensentences,
aftercolons,etc.Donotcountoffforsinglespacesintheseareas.

• Typosaredeductedattheendofthescoringsheetformostdocuments.Theseerrorstypicallyinclude
misspelling,incorrectnumbers,incorrectformattingofquotations,missedcapitalizationorpunctuation,
doublewords,omittedwords,incorrectlydividedwordsattheendofaline,wordsthatruntogether,
incorrectboldfacetype,italics,orunderlining,etc.,omissionofdataorelementsincharts,extradata
orelementsincharts,etc.
A. Nevercountofftwiceforanerror.Ifanerrorisdeducteddirectlyonthescoresheet,donotalso
countoffforitasatypo.
B. Ifdatainadatabaseorchartisgradedfortyposinthedatabaseorspreadsheetprintout,donot
thencountoffforthesametyposiftheinformationisthenintegratedintoadocumentcreatedby
thewordprocessor.
C. Ifanerrorinaheaderoffooterisreplicatedinagroupedreport,itisonetypo.
D. TheStudentIdentification/TestNumberheadingissubjectto2typosunlessotherwisespecified.
• Donotgradeaprintouton"mailability"standards.

IX. VerificationPeriod

VerificationPeriodshouldbescheduledshortlyaftertestshavebeenscored.Unofficialresultsmayor
maynotbeposted.This15Ͳminuteperiodallowsstudentsandcoachestoexaminethestudent'stestalong
with scoring sheet, a copy of the test and the answer key printouts. This is the time to check for any
questionablescoring,andappealanydisagreementwiththeContestDirector.Donotcomparetestswith
otherstudentsorcoaches.Officialresultsareannouncedafterappealshavebeenresolved.
Acoachmayonlyverifyhisorherownstudent'spaper.
PapersofdifferentstudentsmayNOTbecomparedduringthisperiodbystudentsorcoaches.
IfacoachcannotbepresentduringVerification,heorshecanclearthenameofasubstitutewiththe
director.
ThosenotpresentduringtheVerificationPeriod,forfeittheirrighttoappealtheirscores.
Ties through sixth place are to be broken using the fiveͲminute tiebreaker document. Only the
Tiebreakertestsforthecontestantswithapotentialtiewillbegraded.TheContestDirectorgradesthe
tiebreakerteststhatneedbegraded.Ifthescoresonthetiebreakerdocumentarethesame,thenatie
existsasspecifiedintheConstitution.Mailabilityisnotusedindeterminingties.

5
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

X. Reports

A. UnboundReport

• TopMarginͲ1½"Ͳ2"
1" Left 1½" - 2" Top 1" Right • SideMarginsͲ1"
• BottomMarginͲ1"Ͳ1½"

UNBOUND REPORT 1. Titleiscenteredandallcaps.

2. Subtitle,ifpresent,isdoubleͲspacedbelowtheTitleandfollowedby
4 (QS) aquadruplespace.
This is a visual sample of an unbound report. Unbound reports are 3. BodyofReportisdoubleͲspaced.
4. Paragraphsareindented½".
generally, you guessed it, unbound. Occasionally, they may be stapled.
5. TopMarginofsecondandsubsequentpagesis1".
The title is centered and typed 1½" to 2" down from the top of the 6. PageNumberisinupperrightcornerasadigit,rightalignedand
followedbyadoublespace,onPage2andsubsequentpages.
page. Left and right margins are set at 1" and the bottom margin should rest

at 1" to 1½". Begin the body quadruple-spaced after the title. If there is a

subtitle, type it double-spaced below the main title and quadruple-space

afterward. Double-space the body of the report. Indent paragraphs ½".

All of the lines of a long quote, more than 4 lines long, should be
indented approximately ½" from the left margin and single-spaced.
No quotation marks are necessary for long quotes. If the quote is
shorter than 4 lines, quotation marks are required. A short quote is not
emphasized by indentation. As in other reports, any footnote occurs at
the end.

The first page of a report is not numbered; numbering starts on the

second page 1" down from the top of the page and right-aligned. Double-

space after the page number and continue typing the body.

When dividing a paragraph over two pages, leave at least 2 lines of a

paragraph on the first page and carry at least two to the second page.

6
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

B. LeftͲboundReport

• TopMarginͲ1½"Ͳ2"
1½" Left 1½" - 2" Top 1" Right • LeftMarginͲ1½"
• RightMarginͲ1"
• BottomMarginͲ1"Ͳ1½"
LEFT-BOUND REPORT

1. Titleiscenteredandinallcaps.
4 (QS) 2. Subtitle,ifpresent,isdoubleͲspacedbelowtheTitleandfollowedby
aquadruplespace.
A left-bound report has a wider left margin than an unbound 3. BodyofReportisdoubleͲspaced.
report. Generally, a left-bound report is bound on the left side.
4. Paragraphsareindented½".
5. TopMarginofsecondandsubsequentpagesis1".
The title is centered and typed 1½" to 2" down from the top of 6. PageNumberisinupperrightcornerasadigit,rightalignedand
the page. The left margin is placed at 1½" and the right margin at 1".
followedbyadoublespace,onPage2andsubsequentpages.

The bottom margin should rest at 1" to 1½". Also, guidelines for long

quotes and second page placement are the same in left-bound reports

as in unbound reports.

Side Headings

Side headings are aligned at the left margin and underlined.

Paragraph text starts double-spaced below a side heading.

Paragraph Headings. A paragraph heading is indented

approximately ½". It should be underlined and in upper/lowercase

letters. The paragraph heading is followed by a period and the

paragraph text continues on the same line.

7
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

C. BusinessReport

• TopMarginͲ1½"
1" Left 1½" Top 1" Right • SideMarginsͲ1"
• BottomMarginͲ1"Ͳ1½"
• BodyoftheReportisblockedontheleftmarginandsingleͲspacedwith
BUSINESS REPORT doubleͲspacingbetweenparagraphs.

4 (QS) 1. Titleiscenteredandinallcaps.
In a business report, center the title in all caps 1½" from the top edge of the
2. Subtitle,ifpresent,isdoubleͲspacedbelowtheTitleandfollowedby
paper. If there is a subtitle, double-space between it and the title. aquadruplespace.
Quadruple- space after the title(s) before typing the Body. 3. TopMarginonthesecondandsubsequentpagesis1".
4. PageNumberisinupperrightcornerasadigit,rightͲalignedand
Do not number the first page of the report. The page number should appear
1" down from the top of Page 2 and subsequent pages, and it should be right- followedbyadoublespace,onPage2andsubsequentpages.
aligned. Double-space after the page number and continue typing the Body.

When dividing a paragraph over two pages, leave at least two lines of a
paragraph on the first page and carry at least two onto the second page.

Side Headings

Side headings are aligned at the left margin and underlined. Double-space
before and after a side heading.

Paragraph Headings. These headings are blocked on the left margin,

underlined, and shown in upper/lowercase letters. A Paragraph Heading is
part of the paragraph and, consequently, followed by a period. The
paragraph continues immediately thereafter.

8
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

D. OptionalReportElements

1. Quotations
a. ShortQuotationsareenclosedinquotationmarks.
b. LongQuotationsof4ormorelinesaresingleͲspaced,indented½"anddonotcontainquotation
marks.AblanklineprecedesandfollowsaLongQuotation.
2. SideHeadings
a. Blockontheleftmargin.
b. Underline.
c. DoubleͲspacebeforeandafter.
d. Theymaybeboldorkeyedinalargerfont.
3. ParagraphHeadings
a. UseParagraphHeadingstointroduceaparagraph.
b. Underline.
c. Forindentedparagraphs,indent½".
d. Forblockedparagraphs,blockontheleftmargin.
e. Formatinupper/lowercaseusually.
f. FollowwithaperiodasaParagraphHeadingisactuallypartofaparagraph.
g. DataintheparagraphbeginsaftertheParagraphHeadingonthesameline.
4. Footnotes
a. Usesuperscriptednumberorsymbolfollowingtexttoindicateafootnoteisassociated.
b. Formatthefootnoteatthebottomofthepageonwhichthetextisfoundthatrequiredcitation.
(a) Useahorizontallineblockedontheleftthatis1½"Ͳ2"longasthefirstlineofthefootnote.
(b) DoubleͲspacebeforeandafterthehorizontalline.
(c) Indentthefootnoteandprecedewithsuperscriptednumberorsymbol.
(d) SingleͲspacewithinafootnote,anddoubleͲspacebetweenfootnotes.

9
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

XI. MemorandumFormats

A. StandardMemorandum

1" Left 1½" Top 1" Right • TopMarginͲ1½

• SideMarginsͲ1"
• Everythingblocksontheleftmargin
TO: Computer Applications Contestants
2 (DS) • GuideWordsorpreprintedformswithGuideWordsusedatavertically
FROM: Mrs. Hauser alignedabout1"fromleftmargin
2 (DS) • Salutationomitted
DATE: September 25, 20- - • ComplimentaryCloseomitted
2 (DS)
SUBJECT: Standard Memorandum
2 (DS)
In a Standard Memorandum, Guide Words are keyed beginning 1½" from
the top of the paper in all caps and double-spaced between them. Set a tab at
1" from the left margin for the information following the guide words.
Double-space before beginning the Body of the Memo.
2 (DS)
Type the reference initials double-spaced below the last line in the Body.
Other optional components, the Enclosure Notation and Copy Notation,
would also be keyed with double spacing between.
2 (DS)
uil
2 (DS)

10
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

B. SimplifiedMemorandumFormat

1" Left 1½" or 2" Top 1" Right • TopMarginͲ1½"or2"

• SideMarginsͲ1"
September 25, 20- -
• Everythingblocksontheleftmargin
• GuideWordsomitted
4 (QS) • Salutationomitted
• ComplimentaryCloseomitted
Department Heads
• AddressLineisonlyonelineandreferencesagroup
2 (DS)
SIMPLIFIED MEMORANDUM • SubjectLinemaybeallcapsorupper/lowercase
2 (DS)
This is a visual sample of a simplified memorandum.
2 (DS)
The date appears 1½" or 2" below the top edge with the addressee’s name a
quadruple space below. The subject line is printed in all caps or in
upper/lowercase. The body is left-aligned and not indented. Quadruple-
space after the body before typing the author’s name and title, which should
be on one line with a comma between.

4(QS)
Megan Rios, Executive Director
2 (DS)
uil

11
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

XII. LetterFormats

A. BlockLetter

1" Left 2" Top 1" Right • TopMarginͲ2"unlessotherwisespecified

• SideMarginsͲ1"
• Everythingblocksontheleftmargin
September 25, 20- - • OpenorMixedPunctuation

4 (QS)
Mr. Travis Trent
Wetstone Construction
1775 Wentwood Drive
Westover, NY 14311-1133
2 (DS)
Dear Mr. Trent
2 (DS)
BLOCK LETTER
2 (DS)
This is a visual sample of a block letter. All elements of a block letter are
aligned on the left margin.
2 (DS)
The top margin is at 2", while the side margins rest at 1". If the letter
contains a second page, its top margin is 1", and it contains a heading with
the first and second lines of the inside address, the page number, and the
date.
2 (DS)
Sincerely yours

4 (QS)
Ms. Art Tillery
Systems Analyst
2 (DS)
uil

12
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

B. ModifiedBlockLetter

• TopMarginͲ2"
1" Left 2" Top 1" Right
• SideMarginsͲ1"
• Date&ComplimentaryClosearekeyedbeginningatthecenterofthe
page
September 25, 20- -
• Paragraphsareoptionallyindented
4 (QS) • Subjectindentedifparagraphsareindented
• PunctuationisOpenorMixed
Dr. Doris Davis
Eldar Enterprises
1223 Willowmere Avenue
Westchesters, OH 41150-2342
2 (DS)
Dear Dr. Davis:
2 (DS)
MODIFIED BLOCK LETTER
2 (DS)
This is an example of a modified block letter. Key date and
complimentary close lines at the center of the page. Paragraphs may be
optionally indented.
2 (DS)
The top margin is at 2", and the side margins rest at 1". The
punctuation shown after the Salutation and Complimentary Close is known
as Mixed Punctuation.
2 (DS)
Sincerely,

4 (QS)
Mr. Ike Slugg
Secretary to Mrs. Whitaker
2 (DS)
uil
2 (DS)

13
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

C. PersonalͲBusinessLetterͲBlocked

• TopmarginͲ2"
1" Left 2" Top 1" Right
• SidemarginsͲ1"
• Everythingblocksontheleftmargin
• Sender'saddress(notname)keyedattopofletter
5687 Jefferson Road
Buffalo, NY 14426-9204 • Dateimmediatelyundersender'saddress
September 25, 20- - • PunctuationisOpenorMixed

4 (QS)
Ms. Rehka Raut
Traut, Inc.
578 Inwood Drive
Stephenville,TX 75712-1342
2 (DS)
Dear Ms. Raut:
2 (DS)
PERSONAL-BUSINESS LETTER-BLOCKED
2 (DS)
This letter is prepared in block format. A personal business letter is in either
block or modified block format. Usually, this type of letter is prepared when
an individual, not a company, writes to a person or organization.
2 (DS)
The top margin is at 2", while the side margins rest at 1". Key the Sender’s
Return address at the top, immediately preceding the date, on the left margin.
2 (DS)
Sincerely,

4 (QS)
Edward Alpin
2 (DS)
Enclosure
2 (DS)

14
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

D. PersonalͲBusinessLetterͲModifiedBlock

• TopMarginͲ2"
1" Left 2" Top 1" Right
• SideMarginsͲ1"
• Sender's Address (not name) & Complimentary Close arekeyed
beginningatthecenterofthepage
5857 Jeffers Road
Austin, TX 78726-2433
• Dateimmediatelyundersender'saddress
September 25, 20- - • Paragraphsareoptionallyindented
• PunctuationisusuallyMixed
4 (QS) • UsuallywithoutReferenceInitials

Mr. Edward Mason

Textech, Inc.
781 Techno Drive
Austin, TX 78756-5324
2 (DS)
Dear Ms. Mason:
2 (DS)
PERSONAL-BUSINESS LETTER-MODIFIED BLOCK
2 (DS)
This is a visual example of a personal-business letter in the modified block
format. A personal-business letter is in either block or modified block
format. Prepare this type of letter when you, not your company, write to a
person or organization.
2 (DS)
The top margin is at 2", while the side margins rest at 1". Key the Sender’s
Return address at the top, immediately preceding the date, on the left margin.
2 (DS)
Cordially,

4 (QS)

Wilson Succotash
2 (DS)
Enclosure
2 (DS)
c Henry Bowman

15
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

E. SimplifiedLetterͲBlocked

• TopMarginͲ1¾"forwindowenvelope
1" Left 1¾ or 2" Top 1" Right
• TopMarginͲ2"forconventionalenvelope
• SideMarginsͲ1"
• Everythingblocksontheleftmargin
September 25, 20- -
• SubjectLinereplacesSalutationandiskeyedinallcaps
4 (QS) • ComplimentaryCloseomitted
• Writer’s/Sender’sNameandTitlemaybeonthesameline,separated
MR TRAVIS TWITT byacomma.
TWITT DESIGN
1321 WESTWARD DR • InsideAddressforwindowenvelope
DALLAS TX 75204-0144 1. Allcaps
2 (DS) 2. Nopunctuation
SIMPLIFIED LETTER- BLOCKED
• InsideAddressforconventionalenvelope
2 (DS)
This is a visual example of a simplified block letter. All elements are
1. Allcapsorupper/lowercase
blocked on the left margin. 2. Punctuationomittedifallcapsisused
• Writer’s/Sender’sNameandTitleforwindowenvelope
The top margin is 1¾" for window envelopes, and the Inside Address is
keyed in all caps with no punctuation, as preferred by the USPS. The top
1. Allcaps
margin can be 2" for regular envelopes, and the Inside Address may be all 2. Punctuation used to separate from Writer’s/Sender’s Namefrom
caps or upper/lower case. Title
2 (DS) • Writer’s/Sender’sNameandTitleforconventionalenvelope
The subject line in all caps replaces the Salutation. The Complimentary
Close and Company Name are omitted.
1. Allcapsorupper/lowercase
2. Punctuation used to separate from Writer’s/Sender’sNamefrom
4 (QS) Title
JESSIE YARD, SECRETARY
2 (DS)
uil
2 (DS)
Enclosure
2 (DS)

16
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

XIII. SecondPageofLetterorMemorandum

• TopMarginͲ1"
Mr. Travis Twitt 1" Top
Twitt Design • SideMarginsͲSameas1stPageofDocument
Page 2 • Headingcomponentsincludethefollowing:
September 25, 20- - 1. FirstLineofInsideAddress
2 (DS) 2. SecondlineofInsideAddressifitisnottheStreetAddress
Whenever a letter or memo goes beyond one page, all additional pages
should be headed this way. Second and subsequent pages are typed on plain 3. PageNumberformattedas"Page2"
paper, not letterhead........... 4. Date
• Headingisblockedontheleftmargin,followedbydoublespace
• Plainpaperisusedforsecondandsubsequentpages

17
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

XIV. LetterParts
A. ConventionalPartsofaLetter

1. Date
a. FormatasJanuary1,2012
1" Left 2" Top 1" Right
b. BlockedonleftmarginforBlockformats.
c. KeyedatcenterofpageforModifiedBlockformats.
d. Keyedattopofletter(exceptforPersonalͲBusinessLetter.It
September 25, 20- - DATE
followssender'saddresswithoutdoubleͲspacing).
2 (DS)
REGISTERED MAILING NOTATION e. Quadruplespaceafterthedate.
2 (DS) 2. InsideAddress
Attention Ms. Esther Roberts ATTENTION LINE a. Blockedonleftmargin.
Trent, Inc. b. Uses2Ͳcharacter,uppercasestateabbreviation.
7833 Trent Dr. INSIDE ADDRESS
La Joya, TX 76833
} c. DoubleͲspaceaftertheInsideAddress.
2 (DS) 3. Salutation
Dear Ms. Roberts: SALUTATION a. FollowedbyacolonforMixedPunctuationorbyacommaif
2 (DS) informalcorrespondenceisspecified.
Subject: Special Features SUBJECT LINE b. DoubleͲspaceaftertheSalutation.
2 (DS) c. Usepersonaltitle,suchasMr.Mrs.,Ms.,etc.
BODY OF LETTER
d. "LadiesandGentlemen"isSalutationifnoneisnoted.
2 (DS)
Truly yours COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE e. OmittedinSimplifiedLetterandinMemos.
2 (DS) 4. BodyoftheLetter
COOPER INDUSTRIES COMPANY NAME a. BlockedonleftmarginforBlockedorSimplifiedFormats.
4 (QS) b. BlockedonleftmarginorindentedforModifiedBlockFormats.
c. Usesinglespacinginparagraphs.
Melvin Marco WRITER'S/SENDER'S NAME d. DoubleͲspacebetweenparagraphs.
Software Developer WRITER'S/SENDER'S TITLE 5. ComplimentaryCloseorComplimentaryClosing
2 (DS) a. DoubleͲspaceddownfromthebodyoftheletter.
uil REFERENCE INITIALS b. FirstwordofComplimentaryCloseiscapitalized.
2 (DS) c. FollowwithacommaforMixedPunctuation.
Enclosure ENCLOSURE NOTATION
d. QuadrupleͲspaceafterComplimentaryClose(unlessCompany
2 (DS)
c Wilson Succotash COPY NOTATION NamerequiredinClose).
2 (DS) e. In Simplified Letters, omit the Complimentary Close and
Wilson needs the copy for records. POSTSCRIPT quadruplespacedownfromtheBodyoftheletter.
6. Writer'sNameorSender'sName
a. BlockedonleftmarginforBlockedFormatorSimplifiedFormat.
b. KeyedatcenterintheModifiedBlockFormat.

18
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

B. OptionalLetterFeatures

1. MailingNotations
a. Allcaps.
b. DoubleͲspacedbelowthedate.
c. Blockedontheleftmargin.
d. Includeindications,suchasREGISTERED,CERTIFIED,INSURED,CONFIDENTIAL,etc.
e. DoubleͲspaceafterMailingNotation.
2. AttentionLine
a. MaybekeyedasthefirstlineoftheInsideAddresswithnocolonaftertheword,"Attention"
b. May be doubleͲspaced after the Inside Address in place of the Salutation, and contain a colon
followingAttentionforMixedPunctuationandnopunctuationforOpenPunctuation.
3. SubjectLine
a. Blockedonleftmarginforblockparagraphs.
b. Indentedforindentedparagraphs.
c. ForSimplifiedLetters,allcapsSubjectLinereplacesSalutation.
d. Maybeallcapsorupper/lowercase.
e. PlacementisdoubleͲspaceddownfromtheSalutation(orInsideAddressforSimplifiedLetters),and
theBodyoftheLetterisdoubleͲspacedbelow.
f. Optionallyprecededby"Subject:"
4. CompanyName
a. DoubleͲspaceddownfromtheComplimentaryCloseandalignedwithit.
b. Printedinallcaps.
c. QuadrupleͲspaceafterCompanyName.
d. OmittedinPersonalBusinessLetterandSimplifiedLetter.
5. Writer'sTitleorSender'sTitle
a. KeyeddirectlyunderWriter'sNameinupper/lowercaseformostformats.
b. SeparatedfromWriter'sNamebyacommaforSimplifiedLetterandkeyedinallcaps.
c. SeparatedfromWriter'sNamebyacommaforSimplifiedMemorandum.
6. ReferenceInitials
a. DoubleͲspaceddownfromprecedingline.
b. Keyedinlowercase.
c. Blockedonleftmargin.
7. EnclosureNotation
a. DoubleͲspaceddownfromprecedingline.
b. FollowsReferenceInitialsiftheyarepresent.
c. Blockedonleftmargin
d. FormattedasEnclosure,Enclosures,orEnclosures(#).
8. CopyNotation
a. DoubleͲspaceddownfromprecedingline.
b. FollowsEnclosureNotationifitispresent.
c. Blockedonleftmargin.
9. Postscript
a. Blockedontheleftmarginforblockedparagraphformats.
b. Indentedforindentedparagraphformats.
c. DoubleͲspacebefore.
d. FollowsCopyNotation,ifpresent.
e. Alwaysthelastlineofaletter,ifpresent.
10. Quotations(notshowninsample)
a. Shortquotesareenclosedinquotationmarks.
b. Longquotesof4ormorelinesaresingleͲspaced,andalllinesofthequotationareindented½"from
theleftmargin.DoubleͲspacebeforeandafteralongquotation,anddonotusequotationmarks.

19
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

11. Enumerations&Bullets(notshowninsample)
a. SingleͲspacedwithinthebody.
b. DoubleͲspacebefore,between,andafterEnumerationsandBullets.
c. Blockformatusedwithblockedparagraphs.
(a) BlockEnumerationsandBulletsontheleftmargin.
(b) Numbersarefollowedbyaperiodandtwospacesoratab.
(c) Secondandsucceedinglinesareblockedontheleftmargin.
d. Indentedformatusedwithblockedparagraphs.
(a) BlockEnumerationsandBulletsontheleftmargin.
(b) Numbersarefollowedbyaperiodandtwospacesoratab.
(c) Secondandsucceedinglinesarealwaysindentedtoalignunderthedataofthefirstline.
e. Indentedformatusedwithindentedparagraphs.
(a) IndentbeforebeginningtheEnumerationorBullets.
(b) Numbersarefollowedbyaperiodandtwospacesoratab.
(c) Secondandsucceedinglinesarealwaysindentedtoalignunderthedataofthefirstline.

C. PunctuationConventions

1. OpenPunctuation
a. NopunctuationaftertheSalutation.
b. NopunctuationaftertheComplimentaryClose.
2. MixedPunctuation
a. ColonaftertheSalutation(orcommaforveryinformalletters).
b. CommaaftertheComplimentaryClose.

20
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

E. LetterPlacement

1. StandardPlacementisusedinalllettersunlessatestotherwisestates.
a. Topmargin2".
b. Sidemargins1".
2. VariablePlacementisgenerallyalittlemoreattractivethanStandardPlacement.
a. Topmargin2¾".
b. Sidemargins2".
3. Specialnotationsinaletterrequireraisingthedatelineapproximatelyonelineforeverytwo
features.For12Ͳpointtype,thisisapproximately0.2"(NotationswouldincludeSubjectLine,
EnclosureNotation,CopyNotation,orPostscript.)

F. Justification

1. Leftjustification.
a. DocumentsorDatemaybeleftjustifiedleavingaraggedrightmargin.
b. Tableheadingsmaybeleftjustifiedsothattheheadingandthedatainthecolumnbelowbegin
atthesameplace.
2. Fulljustification.
a. Documentsordatamayusefulljustificationleavinganevenleftandrightmargin.
b. Fulljustificationisdonebymostwordprocessorsbyinsertingaddedspacesbetweenwordsor
letterstofilllines.
3. Centerjustification.
a. Titlesorinformationmaybeproducedwithcenterjustificationwhichcentersdatabetween
existingmargins.
b. Headingsandcolumnardatainaspreadsheetordatabasetablemayusecenterjustification
whichcentersthedatainthecolumn.
4. Rightjustification.
a. Informationoraddressesinadocumentmayberightjustifiedwhichlinesuptherightmargin,
leavingtheleftmarginuneven.Thisisusableforcreatingaletterheadwithacustomized
appearance.
b. Headingsandcolumnardatainaspreadsheetordatabasetablemayberightjustifiedwhich
alignstherightmostpositionofthedataandheadingwithinthecolumn.Thisismostusedfor
columnswithnumericdata.

XV.Functions

A. FunctionsforWhichStudentsAreResponsible

1. SeeAppendixBforacompletelistoffunctionsfromExcelthatcanappearonanyComputer
Applicationstest.
2. TheequivalentfunctionsmayhaveslightlydifferentnamesinAccess,sobecertainthatyouare
familiarwiththesedifference.

B. ExcelandAccessbothusefunctions,andafewarenotacceptabletoAccess.

22
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

AppendixA.ContestInstructionsandScoring

I. Preparation
A. Setup
1. Contestantsshouldsetuptheirequipmentduringthe30to45minutespriortothescheduledtime
forthecontest,andtesttobesureallhardwareandsoftwarecomponentsareworking,andleaveall
applicationsopenatthestartofthecontest.
2. Studentsfromthesameschoolmaynotsitadjacenttoeachother.
3. Rollistaken,andadjustmentsaremadeforalternates10minutesbeforethescheduledcontesttime.
4. Coachesareaskedtoleave5minutesbeforethescheduledtimeforthecontest,andtheyaregivena
copyofthetesttotakewhilestudentsaretakingthetest.
a. Coachestaketestsindividuallyoringroupsatadifferentlocationthanstudents.
b. Coachesgaininsightofareasthatwillbecomplicatedtogradebytakingthetest.
5. Becertainallstudents'workspacesareclearedofeverythingexceptcomputer,printer,optional
keyboard/keypad,optionalmouse,andwritinginstruments(i.e.noHandbooksorprintedmaterials).
B. Equipment
1. Eachstudentmusthavealaptop/notebookcomputer,printer,andsavingdevice,suchasafloppy
drive,athumb/flashdrive,oraCD.
2. Competitormayhaveexternalmouseandakeyboardorkeypad,butnotanexternalharddrive.
3. Noequipmentmaybesharedbystudentsduringacontest.
C. Software
1. MicrosoftOffice2007,2010or2013mustbeused,andnootherversion.
2. SpreadsheetelementsmustbedoneinExcel;databaseelements,inAccess;anddocuments,inWord.
3. Gradersmaycheckstudents'savingdevicetoverifythattheappropriateapplicationpackagewas
usedforagivenprintout,andifthecorrectapplicationwasnotused,thatprintoutisnotgraded.
II. Contest
A. 5ͲminuteTiebreaker
1. Tiebreakersaredistributedtoallstudentsfacedown.(Manilaenvelopesarepassedout,ifyouwant
allteststobecollectedintoanenvelopetobeturnedinatcontestendasisdoneatStateMeet.)
2. Tostartthetiebreaker,thedirectorshouldaskallcompetitorstoturnovertheirtiebreakerandtype
untiltimeiscalledatthe5minutetestwithoutprintingduringthetiebreakertimeperiod.
3. Ifastudentfinishesatiebreaker,he/shestartsagainatthebeginningtotypeasmuchaspossible.
4. Attheendof5minutes,thedirectorshouldaskallstudentstostoptypingandraisetheirhands.
5. Ifitisalargegroup,askhalfofthecompetitorstoprinttheirfiles,andwhenthesearecomplete,ask
theotherhalftoprinttheirfiles.
6. DirectorshouldaskallcompetitorstoputtheirContestantNumberintheupperrightcornerofevery
pageoftheirprintedtiebreakerandonthemanilaenvelope,ifthisisused.
7. Directorshouldaskallcompetitorstopasstheirtiebreakerintotheofficials(oraskthemtoputthe
documentintotheirmanilafolder,aswedoatState).
B. 30ͲminuteTest
1. Passouttestswithcoversheetssostudentsmaynotseetestsandmonitorthatthisdoesn'toccur.
2. Previewtimeis3minutes.
3. Directorshouldaskallstudentstoopentheirtestandpreviewitfor3minutes.
4. Testis30minutes.
a. Testshouldstartimmediatelyafterthe3Ͳminutepreviewperiod.
b. Encouragestudentstosavefrequently.
c. Givea10Ͳminutewarningwhenthereare10minutesleftinthecontest.
d. Givea2Ͳminutewarningwherethereare2minutesleftinthecontest.
e. Attheendof30minutes,thedirectorshouldstopthecontestandaskallstudentstoraisetheir
handsuntilallprintinghasceased.
f. Printoutsinitiatedduringtheactual30Ͳminutecontestwillbegraded.Printingmaycontinueinto
thepostͲtestperiod,buttheymaynotbeinitiatedaftertimeiscalled.

23
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
C. Equipmentmalfunctionduringacontest
1. Ifaproblemoccursduringthetiebreaker,everyeffortmustbemadetocorrecttheproblemorthe
studentmaynotparticipateinthe30Ͳminutetest.Donotholdupthetest.
a. Ifastudentdoesnotcreateatiebreaker,buthisequipmentisrepaired,he/shemaycontinue
withtheactual30Ͳminutecontest.
b. Incaseofatie,thestudentwithoutatiebreakerpaperautomaticallylosesthetie.
2. Priortoacontest,everyeffortshouldbemadetocorrectequipmentproblemsbysubstituting
equipment,keyboards,printers,etc.withabackuporborrowedequipmentfromanothercontestant
orfromthecontestdirector,ifpossible.
3. Thetiebreakeroutputshouldbeproofthateverythingwasworkingatthebeginningofthecontest.
4. Acontestantshouldraisehis/herhandandadvisethecontestdirectorduringthecontestifany
equipmentproblemsoccur.
5. OneoftheDirector'sassistantsshouldbeassignedtoattempttoresolvetheproblem.Theassigned
assistantmustnotbethestudent'scoachorarelatedparty.
6. Ifasystemisinoperativeandtheproblemcannotberesolved,contestantcanturninonlywhatheor
shehascompletedbeforetheequipmentfailed;and,afterthecontest,heorshecanprintanything
thathadbeensavedontodiskette/cd/flashdriveonadifferentsystemoronthesamesystemthat
hasbeenmadeworkablewiththeassistantoverseeing.Nochangesmaybemadetoanyprintout.
7. Iftheproblemisaprinteranditcannotberesolvedwithin5minutestime,thestudentmaycontinue
workingthetestandsavingtohis/hersavedevice.He/shewillbeallowedtoprintfromthesave
deviceafterthecontestonthesamesystemthathasbeenmadeworkableoronadifferentsystem
withtheassistantoverseeing.Noadditionalchangesmaybemadetoanyprintout.
8. Acontestantmaynotcompletethecontestatalatertime.
9. IfacontestanthasnotattemptedanyprintingbeforethetwoͲminutewarningandhasaprinter
malfunction,theprocessisthesame,butonlyoneprintoutwillbegraded.
10. Printingmayonlybedoneafterconclusionofacontestifbothofthefollowinghaveoccurred.
a. Thecontestdirectorwasapprisedofamalfunctionduringthecontest.
b. Timewasexpendedduringthecontestbyanassistantaddressingtheproblem.
D. Conclusion
1. HaveallstudentsselectPrintout1andPrintout2andcheckthatContestantNumberisoneachpage.
2. Ifastudentprintedachartorgraphseparatefromadocumentthathe/shedidnothavetimeto
embedinadocument,thestudentshouldputhis/herContestantNumberintheupperrightcorner
andturnthisinalongwithprintout(s).Creditwillbegivenforsomechartelementsthatarecorrect,
butallcreditwillbelostformargins,indentingachart,spacingbeforeandafterachart,etc.Ifa
student'sprintoutalreadyhasachartorgraphembeddedinaprinteddocument,theextrachartis
notgraded,evenifthechartinthedocumentwassimplyaplaceholderfromatemplate.
3. HavestudentslabeltheirsavingdevicewiththeirContestantNumber.
4. Turnallprintoutsandstudent'ssavingdeviceintoofficials(orplacethemintheirmanilaenvelope).
5. Ifyouusemanilaenvelopes,warnthatnoprintoutswillbegradedthatarenotintheenvelope.
6. Explainthatifastudentturnsinmorethanoneprintoutforoneoftheirdocuments,thegraderswill
arbitrarilygradethefirstoneencountered,whicheverthatis.Noattemptwillbemadebygradersto
determinewhichisthebetterprintout.
7. AskstudentstoverifythattheirContestantNumberisoneverypagebeingturnedinforgrading,as
wellasonthemanilaenvelopeifyouareusingenvelopes.
8. Askstudentstopassintheirtestsandsavingdevices(orenvelopeswiththeseinside).
9. Askstudentsthentopassintheirscratchpapertobeputinthetrash.
10. Havestudentsremoveallequipmentormakearrangementstoremoveitaftergrading.

24
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
III. Grading
A. Allcoachesarerequiredtograde.
1. Ifacoachcannotgrade,itisthecoach'sresponsibilitytoprovideasubstitute,preferablysomeone
somewhatfamiliarwiththecontest,andadvisethedirectorthattheyareprovidingasubstitute.
2. Ifacoachdoesnotgrade,thedirectorcandisqualifyhis/herstudent(s).
B. Viewallpapersfromeachcontestant.
1. VerifythatallpageshaveContestantNumbers.Ifaprintoutdoesnothaveidentification,thedirector
cantrytodeterminewhichcontestantproduceditandgradeit.
2. Verifythatthereareno"extra"printouts.Iftherearemorethanoneofagivenprintout,simplytake
thefirstoneyouencounterastheonetograde,andmarkanXonthe"extra"printout.
3. Ifthereisan"extra"printoutwithachartorgraph,verifythatthedocumentwithwhichitis
associateddoesnothaveachartorgraphalreadyprinted.Ifitdoes,markXonthestandͲalonechart
andgradethechart/graphembeddedinthedocument,evenifitisfromatemplate.
4. Paperclipallprintoutstobegradedtogether(andtotheoutsideoftheenvelopeifusingthese).
5. Tiebreakersremaininaseparatestackorarereturnedtothestudent'senvelope.
C. Sorttestsinto1A,2A,3A,etc.,andarrangecoachesintolikegroups.
1. Give1Ateststo3Acoaches,2Ateststo4Acoaches,3Ateststo5Acoaches,4Ateststo1Acoaches,
and5Ateststo2Acoachesorsomethingofthisilk.
2. Nocoachshouldgradehis/herownstudent'sprintouts.
D. Followthesegradingrules.
1. Gradingisallornothing(i.e.eachitemonthescoresheetisworthzeroorthespecifiedpoints).
2. Zeroisthelowestpossiblegradeforaprintout.Therearenonegativegradesforeitherprintout.
3. Rulers,otherthanthoseincomputersoftware,shouldnotbeusedduringthecontestorduring
grading.Gradingofcentering,margins,etc.isavisualcheck.Donotattempttobe"rulerͲexact."Do
notfoldpaperstoascertainanexactcenter.
4. Ifthereisasignificanterroronthetest,notifytheUILstateofficeorcontacttheStateContest
Directorforclarification.Mistakesinthekeysshouldbecorrected,andallprintoutsshouldbegraded
oncorrectness,notonanincorrectanswer.Thatis,ifawordisobviouslymisspelled(likealternations
insteadofalterations),creditisgivenforeitherspelling.
5. Donotdisqualifyaprintouton"mailability"standards.
6. Allowabout¼"differentialbetweenrequestedmarginsandprintedmargins.
7. Rightjustifieddatainaprintoutmayvarybetweenalphabeticdataandnumericdatawithnumeric
dataleavingtherightmostcharacterpositioninnumberspresumablyforaminussignifonewere
present.
8. Donotgradepartsofatemplatethatacontestanthasnotenteredinadocument.Nocreditisgiven
forpossiblecorrectinformationinadocumentthatwasbroughtinasatemplateinthe
complimentaryclose,referenceinitials,orotherpartsofadocumentbeyondwhereacontestanthad
enteredinformationinthedocument.
9. Ifacontestantskippedtoalterinformationatthebottomofatemplateforadocument,thenhe/she
effectivelycompletedtheentiredocument.Inthiscase,theentiredocumentisgradedfortypos,and
creditisgivenforcorrectdataintheclose,sender'sname,etc.
10. Ifacontestantcompletedmostofaparagraphandomittedasentenceorline,thestudentgetscredit
forcompletingtheparagraphifitappearsthatheorsheinadvertentlyskippedoveraportionand
continuedtypingbeyondthatpart.Deducttyposfortheomittedportion.

25
ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
E. Typographicalerrorsaregradedwiththefollowingcriteria.
1. Allofthefollowingareconsideredtypos.
misspelling incorrectnumbers missedcapitalization
missedpunctuation doublewords incorrectformatting
wordsruntogether incorrectrow/linespacing,eitherextraoromitted
incorrectlydividedwords incorrectborders/lines,eitherextraoromitted
omittedwordsornumbers missingorextrapartsofachartofgraph
2.IfanerrorisaglobalerrorasallGroupHeadingshavethesamemisspelledword,itisonetypoorif
anentirecolumnofnumbersisformattedwrong,itisonetypo.
3. Donotcountofffordifferencesbetweenoneandtwospacesfollowingsomepunctuationmarksas
thisoftenisdifficulttodifferentiate.
4. Donotcountofftwiceforanerror.
5. Ifdeductionsaremadedirectlyonthescoresheet,donotthencountoffforanerrorasatypo.
6. Ifdeductionsaremadeononeprintout,donotcountoffforthesameerroronanotherprintout.
F. GradeallPrintout1'stogether.
1. Asyouencounterquestions,becertainthatallcoachesunderstandhowtheelementistobegraded
soallpaperswillreflectthesamegrading.
2. Ifthereisanerroronatest,calltheStateContestDirectorforresolution(830.367.3825).
a. Have3coachesgradeeachpaper,andthenhavea4thcoachverifyallagreeandtransferthefinal
gradetotheFinalScoresheet.
b. Ifthereisadiscrepancyamongthe3grades,the4thgraderreviewstheproblemwiththeoriginal
gradersforthetestandresolvestheproblemorcontactsthedirectortoresolveit.
c. GradeallPrintout1papersbeforestartingPrintout2.
d. AskallcoachestowalkthruthegradingofPrintout2together.
e. FollowthesameprocedureasusedinPrintout1.
f. GradeallPrintout2paperstogether.
3. Returnallteststothedirector(clippedtotheirenvelope,ifusingthese).
G. Tiebreakersareonlygradedtobreaktiesforfirstthrusixthplace,andthedirectorgradesthese.
H. Directorentersallgradesintotheofficialwebsite.

IV. Verification
A. Unofficialresultsmayormaynotbepostedpriortoverificationatthediscretionofthecontestdirector.
B. Gradedtestsalongwithscoresheets,acopyofthetestitself,andcopiesoftheanswerkeysareexamined
bycontestantsandtheircoachesduringverification.
C. Onlyacontestant'scoachmayexaminethetestwithhim/herorapersonthathasbeenapprovedbythe
contestdirector.
D. Contestantsandcoachesarenottocomparepapersorexamineanyone'stestbuttheirown.
E. Verificationisnottoexceed15minutes.
F. Reportquestionsorerrorsingradingorrecordingscorestothecontestdirector.
1. Thecontestdirectorwilldetermineiftheprobleminquestionisanerror.
2. Thecontestdirectorwillrecalculatethescoreandinitialthechange.
G. Thosenotpresentduringverificationperiodforfeittheopportunitytoraiseobjections.
H. Officialresultswillbeannouncedafterallquestionshavebeenresolvedandrankingshavebeen
corrected,ifnecessary.

V. Ties
A. TiesfromfirstthroughsixthplacearetobebrokenusingthefiveͲminutetiebreakerdocument.
B. Ifthescoresonthetiebreakerdocumentarethesame,thenatieexists.
C. Shouldtherebeatieforfirstplace,thereisnosecondplace.Shouldtherebeatieforsecondplace,then
thereisnothird,andsoon.

26
 ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
D. Mailabilityisnolongerreliedontodetermineties.
AppendixB.Functions 
ThisisalistfromOffice2007,andstudentsareresponsiblealsoforanynewfunctionsaddedwithOffice2007.

Date&Time PV RADIANS VLOOKUP NORM.DIST

DATE RATE RAND NORM.INV
DATEVALUE RECEIVED RANDBETWEEN Statistical NORM.S.DIST
DAY SLN ROMAN AVEDEV NORM.S.INV
DAY360 ROUND AVERAGE PEARSON
EDATE FinancialͲcontinued ROUNDDOWN AVERAGEA PERCENTILE.EXC
EOMONTH SYD ROUNDUP AVERAGEIF PERCENTILE.INC
HOUR TBILLEQ SERIESSUM AVERAGEIFS PERCENTRANK.EXC
MINUTE TBILLPRICE SIGN BETA.DIST PERCENTRANK.INC
MONTH TBILLYIELD Math&TrigͲcontinued BETA.INV PERMUT
NETWORKDAYS VDB SIN BINOM.DIST POISSON.DIST
NETWORKDAYS.INTL XIRR SINH BINOM.INV PROB
NOW) XNPV SQRT CHISQ.DIST QUARTILE.EXC
SECOND YIELD SQRTPI CHISQ.DIST.RT QUARTILE.INC
TIME YIELDDISC SUBTOTAL StatisticalͲcontunied RANK.AVG
TIMEVALUE YIELDMAT SUM CHISQ.INV RANK.EQ
YEAR SUMIF CHISQ.INV.RT RSQ
TODAY Logical SUMIFS CHISQ.TEST SKEW
WEEKDAY AND SUMPRODUCT CONFIDENCE.NORM
WEEKNUM FALSE) SUMSQ CONFIDENCE.T StatisticalͲcontunied
WORKDAY IF SUMX2MY2 CORREL SLOPE
WORKDAY.INTL IFERROR SUMX2PY2 COUNT SMALL
YEAR NOT SUMXMY2 COUNTA STANDARDIZE
YEARFRAC OR TAN COUNTBLANK STDEV.P
Financial TRUE TANH COUNTIF STDEV.S
ACCRINT TRUNC COUNTIFS STDEVA
ACCRINTM Math&Trigonometric COVARIANCE.P STDEVPA
AMORDEGRC ABS Informational COVARIANCE.S STEYX
AMORLINC ACOS CELL DEVSQ TDIST
COUPDAYBS ACOSH ERROR.TYPE EXPON.DIST TDIST.2T
COUPDAYS AGGREGATE INFO F.DIST TDIST.RT
COUPDAYSNC ASIN ISBLANK F.DIST.RT T.INV
COUPNCD ASINH ISERR F.INV T.INV.2T
COUPNUM ATAN ISERROR F.INV.RT T.TEST
COUPPCD ATAN2 ISEVEN F.TEST TREND
CUMIPMT ATANH ISLOGICAL FISHER TRIMMEAN
CUMPRINC CEILING ISNA FISHERINV VAR.P
DB CEILING.PRECISE ISNONTEXT FORECAST VAR.S
DDB COMBIN ISNUMBER FREQUENCY VARA
DISC COS ISODD GAMMA.DIST VARPA
DOLLARDE COSH ISREF GAMMA.INV WEIBULL.DIST
DOLLARFR DEGREES ISTEXT GAMMALN Z.TEST
DURATION EVEN N GAMMALN.PRECISE
EFFECT EXP NA GEOMEAN Text
FV FACT TYPE GROWTH BAHTEST
FVSCHEDULE FACTDOUBLE HARMEAN CHAR
INTRATE FLOOR Lookup&Reference HYPGEOM.DIST CLEAR
IPMT FLOOR.PRECISE ADDRESS INTERCEPT CODE
IRR GCD AREAS KURT CONCATENATE
ISPMT INT CHOOSE LARGE DOLLAR
MDURATION LCM COLUMN LINEST EXACT
MIRR LN COLUMNS LOGEST FIND
NOMINAL LOG GETPIVOTDATA LOGNORM.DIST FIXED
NPER LOG10 HLOOKUP LOG.INV LEFT
NPV MDETERM HYPERLINK LOGNORM.DIST LEN
ODDFPRICE MINVERSE INDEX LOGNORM.INV LOWER
ODDFYIELD MMULT INDIRECT MAX MID
OODLPRICE MOD LOOKUP MAXA PROPER
ODDLYIELD MROUND MATCH MEDIAN REPLACE
PMT MULTINOMIAL OFFSET MIN REPT
PPMT ODD ROW MINA RIGHT
PRICE PI ROWS MODE,MULT SEARCH
PRICEDISC POWER RTD MODE.SNGL SUBSTITUTE
PRICEMAT PRODUCT TRANSPOSE NEGBINOM,DIST T

27
 ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
TEXT
TRIM
UPPER
VALUE
&alargenumberof
Engineeringfunctions

AppendixC.GlossaryofTerms
absolutereferenceͲistheindicationofacolumnorrowina calculatedfieldͲfieldhavingamathematicalexpressionasitssourceof
spreadsheetprecededbydollar($)markssothatthereferencedoes data.
notchangeasthereferencetothecellisreplicated.Bothrowand
columncanbeabsoluteoreitheronealone. categorylabelͲlabeldescribingwhatthexͲaxisofaspreadsheetchart
represents.ThisisprintedalongthexͲaxisundertherelatedbarordata
alignmentͲreferstohorizontaldataorobjectpositionbetweenleft point.
andrightmarginsorwithinacolumn,cell,orothertextarea.Alignment
canbetotheright,left,orcenteredwithinacell,textarea,line,or cellͲareaformedbyintersectionofacolumnandrowinaspreadsheet
column. orindividualitemofdataaddressedbyonecolumnandonerow.

ampersandͲthe"and"sign(&)usedinconcatenationofstringdata. celladdressͲpointertoacellthatnotatesthecolumnandrow
intersectionatwhichitislocated.
areachartͲtypeofmultilinegraphinaspreadsheetwhichfillsthearea
betweenlinestoclearlyillustratedifferences. cellreferenceͲlocationofacellinaspreadsheetthatisidentifiedby
thecolumnandrowlabels.
argumentͲparameterenteredinafunctionandusedinmaking
calculations(i.e.inthefunctionSUM(A1:B1),therangedescribedby centertabͲtabstopthatcentersdatabetweenmargins,inacolumn,
A1:B1istheargumentforthefunction.) orinaparticulararea.

arithmeticoperatorͲsymbolsusedtoindicateaddition(+),subtraction chartͲvisualrepresentationofdatainagraphortabularformat.
(Ͳ),multiplication(*),division(/),andexponentiation(^)informulas.
clipartͲpreͲpreparedgraphicsavailableinmostwordprocessorsthat
ascendingorderͲsequenceofarrangementwiththesmallestnumber canbeinsertedintodocuments.
orletterclosesttothefrontofthealphabetcomingfirst.(i.e1to99..or
AtoZ) clipboardͲareaofcomputermemorywhereselecteddataor
informationistemporarilycopiedfromanapplication.Contentsfrom
ASCIIͲacronymforAmericanStandardCodeforInformation
theclipboardcanthenbe"pasted"intoanotherapplication.
Interchange.Thisisastandardformatinwhichfilesmaybewrittento
storagedevicesandusedbymostotherapplications.Thedataoutput
inthismannerlosesallitsformattinginformation. columnchartͲMicrosoft'stermforabarchartwhichisagraph
representedbyverticalbars.
attributeͲcharacteristicascribedtosomething,aproperty.
columndesignatorsͲalphabeticcharacter(s)thataredisplayedabove
barchartͲdatagraphicallyillustratedwithaseriesofverticalbars. eachcolumnofaspreadsheet.
(MicrosoftExcelcallsthisacolumnchart,andreferstoabarchartas
thehorizontalversionofthis.) columnheadingsͲalsocalledcolumnlabels;datathatappearsatthe
topofacolumninaspreadsheet.
baselineͲimaginarylineonwhichalineoftextislocated.Descenders
oftheletters,g,j,p,q,andypassthroughthebaseline. columnlabelsͲalsocalledcolumnheadings;datathatappearsatthe
topofacolumninaspreadsheet.
blankrowͲablankline,emptyline,oremptyrowinaspreadsheetor
database.Itisalsocalledanemptyrecordinadatabase. compoundIFͲalsocalledanembeddedorcomplexIF;IFfunction
embeddedwithinanotherIFfunction
blanklineͲanemptylineinadocument,spreadsheet,ordatabase.
Thisisalsocalledablankrowinspreadsheetsanddatabases,anditis complexIFͲalsocalledanembeddedorcompoundIF;IFfunction
alsocalledanemptyrecordindatabases. embeddedwithinanotherIFfunction

blockͲselectedsetofitems,suchaswords,cells,columns,etc. concatenationͲconnectionoftwoormorestringsofdataina
spreadsheetordatabaseandplacementintoaseparatecellorfield
borderͲlinesdrawnaroundtheperimeterofacell,field,rangeofcells, usingtheampersand(&)sign.
blockofdata,apage,paragraph,drawing,oraboxthatemphasizesthe
selection.Eachcellhasfour"borders"inadatabaseandspreadsheet, conditionsͲcriteria;specificationsortestsonwhichdecisionsor
left,right,top,andbottom,andthesemaybemanipulatedseparately selectionsaremade.
orincombination.
concatenationͲprocessofplacingtwoormorestringstogetherto
breakpointͲaspecifiedchangeinareportwhenaSummaryTotalLine
produceanotherstring.Theampersandisoftenusedasthe
isinserted.Thisistriggeredbyachangeinaparticularfield.AGroupin
concatenatingcharacter.(i.e.concatenatefieldsLastNameplusa
areportisterminatedatabreakpoint.
commaandspaceandFirstNametoproduceafullname.)
bulletͲlargerounddotorsquareusedtodelineateorenumeratean
importantelement. criteriaͲconditions;specificationsortestsonwhichdecisionsor

28
 ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
selectionsaremade. filterͲprocesstoselectdatathatmeetscertaincriteria.Thisisalso
calledaquery.
dataͲinformationinaformsuitableforprocessing.
FinalTotalLineͲthelastTotalLineonareportthatcontainsasum,
dataseriesͲselectedrangeinaspreadsheetthatisshowninachart average,maximum,minimumofacolumnofvalues.Thisrepresentsa
format. GrandTotalfortheentirereport.

datapointͲsinglepieceofnumericdataplottedonachart. fontͲcharactersetwithspecificdesignandsimilarappearance.Each
databaseͲcollectionofdataorganizedforaparticularpurpose. fonthasauniquename.

datasheetͲtabularviewofthatwithcolumnsrepresentingfieldsand fonteffectsͲorfontstyle;physicalappearanceofcharactersinafont,
rowsbeingrecords. suchasbold,underlined,italic,superscript,subscript,strikeout,etc.

fontsizeͲsizeofcharactersinafontthatisbasedon72pointsper
decimaltabͲtabstopthatalignsdecimalpointpositionorimplied
inch.
positionatthetabstop.

fontstyleͲorfonteffects;physicalappearanceofcharactersinafont,
defaultͲvalueforavariableautomaticallyassignedbyacomputer
suchasbold,underlined,italic,superscript,subscript,strikeout,etc.
application.
footerͲoneormorelinesofdatathatappearatthebottomofevery
descendingorderͲsequenceofarrangementwiththelargestnumber
orletterclosesttothefrontofthealphabetcomingfirst.(i.e99..to1or specifiedpageuntilitisturnedoff.(i.e.thiscanbeforallpages,odd
ZtoA.) pages,orevenpages.)

designviewͲenvironmentinwhichdefinitionscanbemadefordata footnoteͲanoteplacedatthebottomofapageofadocumentthat
andwhatfieldscanstore. citesareferenceforaselectedpartofthetext.

detaillinesͲrowsofinformationthatrepresentthedetaileditemsor formatͲpropertiesassociatedwithdata,suchasalignment,data,
datalinesonareportorformasopposedtosummarylinesorheading decimals,font,fontsize,coloroftext,borders,shading,patterns,etc.
andtitlelines.
formulaͲentryinaspreadsheetcellordatabasefieldthatperformsa
decisionboxͲadiamondͲshapeblockonachartinwhichadecisionis calculationbyreferencesotherfieldsandusingmathematical
madeusinganIFfunction. operators.

dotleadersͲorleadercharacters;thesearecharacters,likeperiods, databaseͲcollectionofdataorganizedforaparticularpurpose.
dashes,underlines,etc.,thatappearwhenthetabisdepressedleaving
astringofsuchcharactersfromthepointatwhichthetabkeywas formwizardͲfeatureinAccessthatwalkstheuserthroughthe
depresstothestoppingpointwhereatabissetspecifyingdotleaders creationofaform.
orleadercharacters.
freezetitleͲorfreezepane;keeptitles,columnheadings,orrow
dotleadertabsͲpresetstoppingplacesinawordprocessorreachedby headingslockedinplacewhilescrollingthroughthedetailinformation
depressingthetabkeyandleavingastringofdotsorothercharacters inaspreadsheet.
fromtheoriginalpositionofthecursorwhenthekeywasdepressedto
thedatathatisenteredatthetabstop. functionͲpredefinedformulaforaspecificpurpose.Thisusually
requiresarguments.
embeddedIFͲalsocalledacomplexorcompoundIF;anIFfunction
embeddedwithinanotherIFfunction gridlinesͲframeworkofverticalandhorizontalbarsinaspreadsheet,
database,orchartthatenableseasierreading.
emptyrecordͲanemptylineorblanklineinadocument,spreadsheet,
ordatabase.Thisisalsocalledablankrowinspreadsheetsand grouporgroupingbreakpointͲaselectionofasortedreportthathas
databases,anditisalsocalledanblankrecordindatabases. thesamevalueinaparticularspecifiedfieldorcell.Whenthevalue
changesitcausesabreakpointandusuallyaSummaryTotalLine.
explodingpiesliceͲspecialvisualpresentationofapiechartinwhich
oneormoresectionsofthepieareseparatedasif"exploding"away hangingindentͲindentationofthesecondandsubsequentlinesof
fromthecenter. datainaparagraphovertoatabstop.

expressionͲoperationorvaluestatedusingnumbersand hardpageͲpagebreak;activationofendingapageandstartingonthe
mathematicalsymbols. nextpagewithdata.

fieldͲelementofadatabasethatstoresasinglepieceofinformation. headerͲinformationthatprintsatthetopofselecteddocumentpages.
Selectionusuallyincludesallpages,evenpages,oroddpages.
fieldnameͲnameidentifyingadatabasefieldandthetypeof
informationcontainedinit. headingsͲorcolumnandrowlabels;namesidentifyingacolumnor
rowofareport,table,database,orspreadsheet.Thisisaformofatitle
fieldpropertiesͲfieldattributesassociatedwiththedataenteredina orsubtitle.
field,suchasnumberofdecimals,fontsize,etc.
importͲpulldatainfromanotherdatabaseorothercollectionofdata.
fileͲcollectionofrecordsoratableindatabase,adocumentor
collectionofdocumentsinwordprocessing,orasheetorcollectionof
indentͲcausealineofdataoraparagraphtobemovedoverone½".
sheetsinspreadsheet.Anythingwrittenouttoanoutputmedium.

29
 ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
inputͲdataenteredintoacomputerapplicationorprogramortoenter scheduledbasistosatisfyaloan.
suchdata.
periodicpaymentͲalsocalledpayment;amountpaidonaregularly
interestͲalsocalledinterestrateorrate;percentageofatotalamount scheduledbasistosatisfyaloan.
ofaloanthatisusedtosatisfytheinterestowedontheloan.
peripheralͲAuxiliarydevice,asaprinter,keyboard,keypad,orstorage
interestrateͲalsocalledinterestorrate;percentageofatotalamount system,thatworksinconjunctionwithacomputer.
ofaloanthatisusedtosatisfytheinterestowedontheloan.
piechartͲgraphicalrepresentationofasingleseriesofnumbersthat
labelͲtextͲtypeinformationthatmaybeeitheralphabeticor lookslikeaslicedpiewherethesizeofeach"slice"isrelativetothesize
alphanumericwhichisnotintendedtobeusedincalculations.Column ofthenumbertheslicerepresentsversusthesumofallthenumbers.
androwheadingsandarealsolabels. An"explodingpiechart"isthistypeofchartwithoneormorepieces
separated.
landscapeͲprintingofadocumentinasidewaysorientationwithtop
ofthedocumentbeingonthelongedgeofthepaper.Theopposite pointsizeͲsizeofcharactersusingtheconventionof72pointsper
orientationtoportrait. inch.

leadercharactersͲordotleaders;thesearecharacters,likeperiods, portraitͲprintingofadocumentinaconventionalorientationwith
dashes,underlines,etc.,thatappearwhenthetabisdepressedleaving topofthedocumentbeingontheshortedgeofthepaper.The
astringofsuchcharactersfromthepointatwhichthetabkeywas oppositeorientationtolandscape.
depresstothestoppingpointwhereatabissetspecifyingdotleaders
orleadercharacters. principalͲamountborrowedthatisunpaidonaloan.

lefttabͲtabstopthatalignsleftmostpositionofdata. printmergeͲalsocalledmailmerge;featurethatallowscombiningof
multiplesourcesoftextintoasingledocument,suchasaformletter,a
legendͲkeythatidentifiesinformationrepresentedbypatternsor label,oranenvelope.
colorsinachart.
propertiesͲseriesofinformationthatdescribeanobjectorfield.
linechartͲgraphwithdatapointsconnectedbyaline.

linespacingͲspacinginadocumentfromthebottomofonelineoftext queryͲfiltertechniquewherebyrecordsofadatabaseareselected
tothebottomofthenext.Linespacingofoneisconsideredsingle dependingonmeetingprescribedcriteriaorconditions.
spacing;linespacingoftwo,doublespacing;etc.
rangeͲsetofadjacentcells.Thiscanbeonlyasinglecell.
locktitleͲalsocalledfreezetitleorfreezepane;keeptitles,column
headings,orrowheadingslockedinplacewhilescrollingthroughthe rangeofcellsͲalsocalledrangereference;locationofablockof
detailinformationinaspreadsheet. adjacentcellsinaspreadsheet.Thisisidentifiedbytheaddressesofthe
firstandlastcellintheblockseparatedbyacolon.
lookupvalueͲvalueusedtosearchthefirstroworcolumnofaLookup
Tabletofindthelargestvaluethatislessthanorequaltoitsownvalue rangereferenceͲalsocalledrangeofcells;locationofablockof
inordertopickuparelatedvalueordatafromtheLookupTable. adjacentcellsinaspreadsheet.Thisisidentifiedbytheaddressesofthe
firstandlastcellintheblockseparatedbyacolon.
mailmergeͲalsocalledprintmerge;featurethatallowscombining
multiplesourcesoftextintoasingledocument,asaformletter,alabel,
rateͲalsocalledinterestorinterestrate;percentageofatotalamount
oranenvelope.
ofaloanthatisusedtosatisfytheinterestowedontheloan.
nullcharacterͲrepresentedby"",anullcharactermeansthatnodata
ispresentinafieldorcell. recordͲcollectionofrelated,organizedfieldsofinformation,suchas
containedinarowofdatafromadatabase.Multiplerecordsmakeup
operationboxͲarectangularblockinachartwhichdefinesan atable.
operationthattakesplaceinaparticularsequence.
relativecellreferenceͲaddressofacellinaformulathatchangesas
orientationͲpositionofadocumentonapage.Thiscaneitherbe theformulaiscopiedfromonecelltoanother.Thisisusedinthe"fill"
conventionalportraitorientationofsidewayslandscapeorientation. commandstoreplicatecalculateddata.

outputͲendresultproducedbyacomputerprogramorapplication, replicateͲToduplicate,repeat,orcopy,asaformulaorfunction.
suchasadocumentorfile. Usuallydonebyfillingdownfromonecelltoothersinaspreadsheet.
pagebreakͲactionthatcausestheprintonapagetoendandskipto reportͲpresentationofacollectionofdataorinformationusuallyina
thenextpagebeforerecommencing.
printedform.Thiscanbeoutputofadatabaseorspreadsheetandhave
acolumnarappearance,oritcanbefromawordprocessorandhave
pagefooterͲoneormorelinesofdatathatappearsatthebottomof
everyspecifiedpageuntilitisturnedoff.(i.e.forallpages,oddpages, eitheracolumnarappearanceorthatofamanuscript.
orevenpages.)
righttabͲtabstopthatalignsrightmostpositionofdata.
pageheaderͲoneormorelinesofdatathatappearsatthetopof
everyspecifiedpageuntilitisturnedoff.(i.e.thiscanbeforallpages, rowheadingsͲdatathatappearsintherightcellofarowina
oddpages,orevenpages.) spreadsheettoidentifycontentsofcellsinthatrow.

paymentͲalsocalledperiodicpayment;amountpaidonaregularly rowlabelsͲalsocalledrowheadings;datathatappearsintherightcell

30
 ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
ofarowinaspreadsheettoidentifycontentsofcellsinthatrow. valuesͲnumbers,formulas,orfunctionsthatmayparticipatein
calculations.
rownumbersͲnumberappearingatthebeginningofeachrowofa
spreadsheet. verticalalignmentͲalignmentofdatathatispositionedwithinacell.
Thisisoftenusedwith"wrapped"textinacell.Thiscanbealignedto
scaleͲsetofnumberedmarksindicatingminimum,maximum,and thetop,bottom,orcenterofacell.
intervalsbetween,suchasthenumbersonthexͲoryͲaxis.
wildcardͲpartofthecriteriausedinselectionprocessesthatsubstitute
seriesͲrangeprovidingscalevaluesforplottingorxͲaxislabels. foranygroupofcharacters.

wizardͲfeaturethatwalksauserthroughatask,suchascreating
scenarioͲmodelofasupposedsetofevents.
tables,form,queries,etc..
shadingͲsmalldifferencesincolor
wordwrapͲautomaticplacementofawordonasucceedinglinewhen
thecurrentlinereachestherightmargin.
sortͲarrangedatainsequence,eitherinascendingordescending
order. xͲaxisͲhorizontallineofaspreadsheetchartthatidentifiesthe
categoriesbeingreferenced.
stringdataͲalsocalledstringsortext;textͲtypeinformationthatis
alphanumericandnotusedincalculations. xͲaxislabelͲalsocalledxͲaxistitle;alabeldescribingwhatthexͲaxisof
aspreadsheetchartrepresents.ThisisprintedalongthexͲaxis.
stringͲalsocalledstringdataortext;textͲtypeinformationthatis
alphanumericandnotusedincalculations. xͲaxisseriesͲrangeprovidingscalevaluesorlabelsprintedonthexͲ
axis.
subheadingͲsecondaryheadingplacedbeneaththemainheadingofa
report,spreadsheet,ordocument. xͲaxistitleͲalsocalledxͲaxislabel;alabeldescribingwhatthexͲaxisof
aspreadsheetchartrepresents.ThisisusuallyprintedalongthexͲaxis.
subtitleͲsecondarytitleusuallyplacedbeneaththemaintitleofa
report,spreadsheet,ordocument. yͲaxisͲverticallineofaspreadsheetchartthatidentifiestheunitsin
whichcategoriesaremeasuredonthechart.
summarylinesͲlinesonaspreadsheet,database,orreportthat
summarizedataordetaillines,suchastotals,minimums,maximums, yͲaxislabelͲalsocalledyͲaxistitle;alabeldescribingwhattheyͲaxisof
averages,sums,etc. aspreadsheetchartrepresents.ThisisprintedverticallyalongtheyͲ
axis.
SummaryTotalLineͲanyoneoftheintermediateTotalLinesona
reportthatoccursataspecifiedbreakpointofgrouping.Itcontainsa yͲaxisseriesͲrangeprovidingverticalscalevaluesforplotteddata
sum,average,maximum,minimumofacolumnofvaluesfora points.
particulargroup.

tabstopsͲpresetstoppingplacesinawordprocessorreachedby
depressingthetabkey.Thesecanbeeitherleft,right,decimal,or yͲaxistitleͲalsocalledyͲaxislabel;alabeldescribingwhattheyͲaxisof
centered,anddotleadersmaybeusedwithanyofthese. aspreadsheetchartrepresents.Thisisusuallyprintedverticallyalong
theyͲaxis.
tableͲorderlyarrangementofdata,usuallyincolumnsandrows.Ina
database,atableisalsothecollectionofrelatedrecords. zͲaxisͲoneofthreeaxesinathreeͲdimensionalspreadsheetchart

tablelookupͲuseofachartortablewithrelatedvaluesordataona
givenroworinagivencolumnsothatalookupvaluecanbeusedto
searchthefirstroworcolumnforavaluethatislessthanorequaltoits
ownvalueandpickuparelatedvalueordataonthesamerowor
columnofthetable.

templateͲspecialdocumentthatprovideslayout,formatting,and
otherparticularsforagiventypeofdocument.

termͲtotalextentofthelifeofaloan.

textͲalsocalledstringsorstringdata;textͲtypeinformationthatis
alphanumericandnotusedincalculations.

textcolorͲcolorofthecharactersasopposedtoanybackgroundcolor.

tickmarksͲmarksplacedalongthexͲandyͲaxesandgridlinesofa
charttoindicatevalues.

titleͲmaindescriptivenameatthetopofareport,spreadsheet,or
document.

TotalLineͲalineonareportthatcontainsasum,average,maximum,
minimumofacolumnofvalues.

31
 ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued

Index
ABS3,27,29 condition4 footnote6,9,29 LOGEST27
absolutereference28 conductingacontest3,4 FORECAST27 Logical27
ACOS27 CONFIDENCE27 format9,11,14,15,18,20,28,29 longquote6
ACOSH27 Constitution3,2,5 formula3,28Ͳ31 LOOKUP27,30,31
ADDRESS2,11,12,14Ͳ18,20,18,19, contest2Ͳ4,2Ͳ5,10,23Ͳ26 freezepane29,30 Lookup&Reference27
27,28,30 copynotation10,18,19,22 freezetitle29,30 lookuptable30
alignment28,29,31 CORREL27 FREQUENCY27 lookupvalue30,31
ampersand28 COS3,27 FROM:10 LOWER7Ͳ9,11,16,19,21,27
AND1Ͳ4,2Ͳ13,16Ͳ20,22Ͳ31 COSH27 fulljustification22 mailmerge30
apostrophe21 COUNT4,5,26,27 function3,21,28Ͳ30 mailability5,25,26
areachart28 COUNTA27 FV27 mailingnotation18,19
AREAS4,23,27 COUNTBLANK27 GAMMALN27 malfunction3,3,4,24
argument28 COUNTIF27 GEOMEAN27 MATCH27
arithmeticoperator28 criteria26,28Ͳ31 GETPIVOTDATA27 Math&Trigonometric27
ascendingorder28 data3,2,4,5,9,10,20,22,23,25, Glossary28 MAX27
ASIN27 28Ͳ31 GROWTH27 MAXA27
ASINH27 database2,30 hangingindent29 MDETERM27
ATAN3,27 datapoint28 hardpage29 MEDIAN27
ATAN227 dataseries28 HARMEAN27 memo2,10,17
ATANH27 database3,2,5,22,23,28Ͳ31 header5,29,30 memorandumformat11
attentionline18,19 DATE3,4,2,10Ͳ15,17Ͳ19,22,27 heading5,7Ͳ9,12,17,22,29,30 MicrosoftOffice3,2,23
attribute28 DATE:10 HLOOKUP27 MID27
AVEDEV27 DATEVALUE27 HOUR27 MIN27
AVERAGE27,29Ͳ31 DAY27 HYPERLINK27 MINA27
AVERAGEA27 DAY36027 IF2Ͳ4,3Ͳ8,12,13,16Ͳ19,23Ͳ29 MINUTE3Ͳ5,23,24,26,27
barchart28 DB2,27 indent6,9,20,29 MINVERSE27
baseline28 DDB27 INDEX27,32 MIRR27
blankline9,28,29 decimaltab28 INDIRECT27 mixedpunctuation12,13,18Ͳ20
blankrow28,29 decisionbox29 INFO2,27 MMULT27
block2,9,12Ͳ16,18Ͳ20,28Ͳ30 default28 Informational27 MOD27
blockletter12,13,16 DEGREES27 input2,29 MODE27
body2,6Ͳ8,10,11,18Ͳ20 descendingorder29,30 insideaddress2,12,16Ͳ19,18,19 modifiedblockletter13
border28 designview29 INT27 MONTH27
bullet28 DEVSQ27 INTERCEPT27 N3,4,2Ͳ7,11Ͳ16,18,19,22Ͳ31
businessreport8 DOLLAR27,28 interest29,30 NA3Ͳ5,11,12,14Ͳ16,18,19,22,25,
cable3 dotleader29 interestrate29,30 27Ͳ29,31
calculatedfield28 dotleadertab29 IPMT27 NOT2Ͳ4,2Ͳ6,8Ͳ11,14,15,17Ͳ31
capitalization5,26 electricalcapacity2 IRR27 notation10,18,19,22
categorylabel28 embeddedIF29 ISBLANK27 NPER27
CEILING27 emptyrecord28,29 ISERR27 NPV27
CELL2,27Ͳ31 emptyrow28 ISERROR27 ODD27,29,30
celladdress28 enclosurenotation10,18,19,22 ISLOGICAL27 OFFSET27
cellreference28,30 enumeration20 ISNA27 openpunctuation19,20
centerjustification22 equipment2Ͳ4,23,24 ISNONTEXT27 operationbox30
centertab28 equipmentmalfunction3,24 ISNUMBER27 OR2Ͳ4,2Ͳ5,9Ͳ31
CHAR18,25,27Ͳ31 equipmentproblem3 ISPMT27 orientation29,30
chart4,5,24Ͳ26,28Ͳ31 error4,5,25Ͳ27 ISREF27 output3,2,3,24,28Ͳ30
CHOOSE3,27 ERROR.TYPE27 ISTEXT27 pagebreak29,30
CLEAR5,27 EVEN22,24,25,27,29,30 justification22 pagefooter30
clipart28 EXACT25,27 keyboard2,3,23,30 paragraphheading7Ͳ9
clipboard28 EXP3,27 KURT27 payment30
CODE27,28 explodingpieslice29 label24,28Ͳ31 PEARSON27
colon18Ͳ20,30 expression3,28,29 landscape29,30 PERCENTILE27
COLUMN22,26Ͳ31 FACT27 LARGE4,2,23,27,28 PERCENTRANK27
columnchart28 field2Ͳ4,28Ͳ30 LEFT4,6Ͳ23,27Ͳ29,31 period3Ͳ5,7Ͳ9,20,21,23,26
COLUMNS22,27,28,31 fieldname29 leftjustification22 periodicpayment30
COMBIN27,28 fieldproperties29 lefttab29 PERMUT27
comma11,16,18Ͳ21,28,30 file4,3,29,30 leftͲboundreport7 personalͲbusinessletter14,15,18
companyname16,18,19 filter29,30 legend29 PI27,30,31
complexIF28 FIND3,27,30 LEN27 piechart29,30
complimentaryclose2,4,10,11,13, FISHER27 letterparts18 PMT3,27
15,16,18Ͳ20,25 FISHERINV27 linechart30 pointsize30
complimentaryclosing18 FIXED27 linespacing26,30 POISSON27
compoundIF28,29 FLOOR27 LINEST27 portrait29,30
computer1Ͳ3,2,3,10,22,23,25, font9,29 LN27 postscript18,19,22
28Ͳ30 fontsize29 locktitle30 POWER27
CONCATENATE27,28 fontstyle29 LOG27 PPMT27
concatenation28 footer5,29,30 LOG1027 principal30

32
 ComputerApplicationsHandbookͲcontinued
printmerge30 STDEVA27 yͲaxisseries31
printer3,3,4,23,24,30 STDEVP27 yͲaxistitle31
printermalfunction3,3,4,24 STDEVPA27 zͲaxis31
printout2Ͳ5,23Ͳ26 STEYX27
PROB2,4,3,4,24,26,27 string28Ͳ31
PRODUCT27 subheading30
PROPER27 subjectline11,16,18,19,22
punctuation2,5,12Ͳ16,18Ͳ20,26 SUBJECT:10,18,19
PV27 SUBSTITUTE5,25,27,31
QUARTILE27 subtitle6Ͳ8,29,30
query29,30 SUBTOTAL27
quotation6,9,19 SUM27Ͳ31
RADIANS27 SUMIF27
RAND27 SUMPRODUCT27
range28,30,31 SUMSQ27
rangeofcells28,30 SUMX2MY227
rangereference30 SUMX2PY227
RANK27 SUMXMY227
RATE3,4,2,16,24,25,27Ͳ30 switchingdevice3
record28Ͳ30 SYD27
referenceinitials4,10,15,18,19,25 T2Ͳ5,2Ͳ16,18Ͳ20,22Ͳ31
relativecellreference30 tab3Ͳ5,2,5,10,20,22,23,28Ͳ31
REPLACE3,27 tabstop28Ͳ30
report4Ͳ9,26,28Ͳ31 table4,5,22,29Ͳ31
REPT27 TABLES2Ͳ5,12,18Ͳ23,27Ͳ31
RIGHT5Ͳ8,10Ͳ16,18,21Ͳ25,27,28, TAN3,27
30,31 TANH27
rightjustification22 TDIST27
righttab30 template2,4,24,25,31
ROMAN27 term28,31
ROUND27,28 test3,4,2Ͳ5,22Ͳ27
ROUNDDOWN27 Text3,7,9,27Ͳ31
ROUNDUP27 textcolor31
ROW26Ͳ31 tie2,2,5,23Ͳ26
ROWS27Ͳ29,31 tiebreaker2,2,5,23,24,26
RSQ27 TIME3,4,2Ͳ5,21,23,24,27
ruler25 title6Ͳ8,11,16,18,19,29Ͳ31
salutation2,10,11,13,16,18Ͳ20 TO:10
save4,4,23,24 TRANSPOSE21,27
scale30,31 TREND27
scenario30 TRIMMEAN27
scoring2,4,5,23 TRUNC27
SEARCH2,27,30,31 TYPE2,5,6,10,14,15,22,23,27Ͳ31
SECOND4,6Ͳ8,12,17,20,26,27,29, typo4,5,26
30 unboundreport6,7
secondpage4,6Ͳ8,12,17 UPPER6Ͳ9,11,16,18,19,23,24,27
sender'sname4,18,25 VALUE27Ͳ31
sender'stitle18,19 VAR27
series28,30,31 VARA27
shading29,30 variableplacement22
shortquote6 VARP27
sideheading7,8 VARPA27
SIGN25,27,28 VDB27
simplifiedletter16,18,19 verification2,4,5,26
simplifiedmemorandum11,19 verticalalignment31
SIN4,12Ͳ14,27 VLOOKUP27
SINH27 warmup4
SKEW27 WEIBULL27
SLN27 wildcard31
SLOPE27 wizard29,31
SMALL27,30 wordprocessing3,2,29
software2,18,23,25 wordwrap31
sort25,30 writer'sname18,19
spacing2,8,10,18,24,26,30 writer'stitle19
spreadsheet3,2,5,22,23,28Ͳ31 xͲaxis28,30,31
SQRT27 xͲaxislabel31
standardplacement22 xͲaxisseries31
STANDARDIZE27 YEAR3,4,27
Statistical27 yͲaxis30,31
STDEV27 yͲaxislabel31

33