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N-Queen Problem

The N-Queen problem involves placing N chess queens on an N×N chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other. The solution is represented as a matrix with 'Q's for queens and '.' for empty spaces, and the problem can be solved using a backtracking approach. The algorithm places queens column by column, checking for clashes and backtracking if necessary until a solution is found or all possibilities are exhausted.

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29 views

N-Queen Problem

The N-Queen problem involves placing N chess queens on an N×N chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other. The solution is represented as a matrix with 'Q's for queens and '.' for empty spaces, and the problem can be solved using a backtracking approach. The algorithm places queens column by column, checking for clashes and backtracking if necessary until a solution is found or all possibilities are exhausted.

Uploaded by

pushkar.pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is N-Queen problem?

The N Queen is the problem of placing N chess queens on an N×N chessboard


so that no two queens attack each other.

For example, the following is a solution for the 4 Queen problem.

The expected output is in the form of a matrix that has ‘Q‘s for the blocks
where queens are placed and the empty spaces are represented by ‘.’ . For
example, the following is the output matrix for the above 4-Queen solution.
.Q..
...Q
Q...
..Q.
N Queen Problem using Backtracking:
The idea is to place queens one by one in different columns, starting from the
leftmost column. When we place a queen in a column, we check for clashes with
already placed queens. In the current column, if we find a row for which there is
no clash, we mark this row and column as part of the solution. If we do not find
such a row due to clashes, then we backtrack and return false.
Below is the recursive tree of the above approach:

Recursive tree for N Queen problem

Follow the steps mentioned below to implement the idea:


 Start in the leftmost column
 If all queens are placed return true
 Try all rows in the current column. Do the following for every row.
o If the queen can be placed safely in this row
o Then mark this [row, column] as part of the solution and
recursively check if placing queen here leads to a
solution.
o If placing the queen in [row, column] leads to a solution
then return true.
o If placing queen doesn’t lead to a solution then unmark
this [row, column] then backtrack and try other rows.
o If all rows have been tried and valid solution is not found
return false to trigger backtracking.

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